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Cloud Computing
Course Material
V Semester BCA(NEP)

Prepared by
Malleswari S
HOD, BCA Department
Indus Valley Degree College
 Cloud Computing Unit-2

UNIT -2
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture: Cloud Service Models- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS), Comparison of different Service Models; Cloud Deployment
Models- Public Cloud; Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud, Community Cloud; Cloud Computing
Architecture- Layered Architecture of Cloud.
Virtualization- Definition, Features of Virtualization; Types of Virtualizations- Hardware
Virtualization, Server Virtualization, Application Virtualization, Storage Virtualization, Operating
System Virtualization; Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Pros and Cons of Virtualization,
Technology Examples- Xen: Paravirtualization, VMware: Full Virtualization, Microsoft Hyper-V.

Cloud Service Models:

Cloud computing has revolutionized how businesses and individuals access and utilize technology
resources. At its core, cloud computing offers scalable and flexible IT resources over the internet,
allowing users to leverage powerful computing capabilities without the need for extensive hardware
investments.

To effectively utilize cloud computing, it's essential to understand its primary service models, which
cater to different needs and use cases. These models define the types of services available and the
level of control users have over the infrastructure, platforms, and applications.
There are the following three types of cloud service models -

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed

over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoidthe cost
and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.

Characteristics of IaaS
• Resources are available as a service
By: Malleswari S, HOD BCA Department, IVDC
 Cloud Computing Unit-2

• Services are highly scalable

• Dynamic and flexible
• GUI and API-based access
• Automated administrative tasks

Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google
Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS):

PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and manage
the applications.

Characteristics of PaaS

• Accessible to various users via the same development application.

• Integrates with web services and databases.
• Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as
per the organization's need.
• Support multiple languages and frameworks.
• Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".

Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, [Link], Google App Engine,
Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.

Software as a Service (SaaS):

SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software in which the applications are
hosted by a cloud service provider. Users can access these applications with the help of internet
connection and web browser.

Characteristics of SaaS

• Managed from a central location

• Hosted on a remote server
• Accessible over the internet
• Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied
automatically.
• The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis

Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx,

ZenDesk, Slack, and GoToMeeting.

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS:

# IaaS Paas SaaS

1 It provides a virtual data It provides virtual platforms It provides web software and
center to store information and tools to create, test, and apps to complete business
and create platforms for app deploy apps. tasks.
development, testing, and
deployment.
2 It provides access to resources It provides runtime It provides software as a
such as virtual machines, environments and deployment service to the end-users.
virtual storage, etc. tools for applications.
3 It is used by network It is used by developers. It is used by end users.
architects.
4 IaaS provides only PaaS provides SaaS provides
Infrastructure. Infrastructure + Platform. Infrastructure + Platform
+Software.

Cloud Deployment Models

Today, organizations have many exciting opportunities to reimagine, repurpose and reinvent
their businesses with the cloud. The last decade has seen even more businesses rely on it for
quicker time to market, better efficiency, and scalability. It helps them achieve lo ng-term
digital goals as part of their digital strategy.

Though the answer to which cloud model is an ideal fit for a business depends on your
organization's computing and business needs. Choosing the right one from the various types of
cloud service deployment models is essential. It would ensure your business is equipped with
the performance, scalability, privacy, security, compliance & cost-effectiveness it requires. It
is important to learn and explore what different deployment types can offer - around what
particular problems it can solve.

Read on as we cover the various cloud computing deployment and service models to help
discover the best choice for your business.

What Is A Cloud Deployment Model?

It works as your virtual computing environment with a choice of deployment model depending
on how much data you want to store and who has access to the Infrastructure.
Different Types Of Cloud Computing Deployment Models

Most cloud hubs have tens of thousands of servers and storage devices to enable fast loading.
It is often possible to choose a geographic area to put the data "closer" to users. Thus,
deployment models for cloud computing are categorized based on their location. To know
which model would best fit the requirements of your organization, let us first learn about the
various types.

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Public Cloud
The name says it all. It is accessible to the public. Public deployment models in the cloud are
perfect for organizations with growing and fluctuating demands. It also makes a great choice
for companies with low-security concerns. Thus, you pay a cloud service provider for
networking services, compute virtualization & storage available on the public internet. It is also
a great delivery model for the teams with development and testing. Its configuration and
deployment are quick and easy, making it an ideal choice for test environments.

Advantages

• Minimal Investment - As a pay-per-use service, there is no large upfront cost and is

ideal for businesses who need quick access to resources
• No Hardware Setup - The cloud service providers fully fund the entire Infrastructure
• No Infrastructure Management - This does not require an in-house team to utilize the
public cloud.

Disadvantages

• Data Security and Privacy Concerns - Since it is accessible to all, it does not fully
protect against cyber-attacks and could lead to vulnerabilities.
• Reliability Issues - Since the same server network is open to a wide range of users, it
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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

can lead to malfunction and outages

• Service/License Limitation - While there are many resources you can exchange with
tenants, there is a usage cap.

Private Cloud
Companies that look for cost efficiency and greater control over data & resources will find
the private cloud a more suitable choice.

It means that it will be integrated with your data centre and managed by your IT team.
Alternatively, you can also choose to host it externally. The private cloud offers bigger
opportunities that help meet specific organizations' requirements when it comes to
customization. It's also a wise choice for mission-critical processes that may have frequently
changing requirements.

Advantages

• Data Privacy - It is ideal for storing corporate data where only authorized personnel
gets access
• Security - Segmentation of resources within the same Infrastructure can help with
better access and higher levels of security.
• Supports Legacy Systems - This model supports legacy systems that cannot access the
public cloud.

Disadvantages

• Higher Cost - With the benefits you get, the investment will also be larger than the
public cloud. Here, you will pay for software, hardware, and resources for staff and
training.
• Fixed Scalability - The hardware you choose will accordingly help you scale in a certain
direction
• High Maintenance - Since it is managed in-house, the maintenance costs also increase.

Community Cloud
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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

The community cloud operates in a way that is similar to the public cloud. There's just one
difference - it allows access to only a specific set of users who share common objectives and
use cases. This type of deployment model of cloud computing is managed and hostedinternally
or by a third-party vendor. However, you can also choose a combination of all three.

Advantages

• Smaller Investment - A community cloud is much cheaper than the private & public
cloud and provides great performance
• Setup Benefits - The protocols and configuration of a community cloud must align
with industry standards, allowing customers to work much more efficiently.

Disadvantages
• Shared Resources - Due to restricted bandwidth and storage capacity, community
resources often pose challenges.
• Not as Popular - Since this is a recently introduced model, it is not that popular or
available across industries
Hybrid Cloud
As the name suggests, a hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more cloud architectures.
While each model in the hybrid cloud functions differently, it is all part of the same
architecture. Further, as part of this deployment of the cloud computing model, the internal or
external providers can offer resources.

A company with critical data will prefer storing on a private cloud, while less sensitive data
can be stored on a public cloud. The hybrid cloud is also frequently used for 'cloud bursting'.
It means, supposes an organization runs an application on-premises, but due to heavy load, it
can burst into the public cloud.

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Advantages

• Cost-Effectiveness - The overall cost of a hybrid solution decreases since it majorly

uses the public cloud to store data.
• Security - Since data is properly segmented, the chances of data theft from attackers
are significantly reduced.
• Flexibility - With higher levels of flexibility, businesses can create custom solutions
that fit their exact requirements

Disadvantages

• Complexity - It is complex setting up a hybrid cloud since it needs to integrate two or

more cloud architectures
• Specific Use Case - This model makes more sense for organizations that have
multiple use cases or need to separate critical and sensitive data

A Comparative Analysis of Cloud Deployment Models

Important Public Private Community Hybrid
Factors to
Consider
Setup and ease of Easy Requires Requires Requires
use professional IT professional IT professional IT
Team Team Team
Data Security Low High Very High High
and Privacy
Scalability and High High Fixed High
flexibility requirements
Cost- Most affordable Most expensive Cost is distributed Cheaper than
Effectiveness among members private but more
expensive than
public
Reliability Low High Higher High

By: Malleswari S, HOD BCA Department, IVDC

 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Cloud Computing Architecture

All of the physical manifestations of cloud computing can be arranged into a layered picture
that encompasses anything from software systems to hardware appliances. Utilizing cloud
resources can provide the “computer horsepower” needed to deliver services. This layer is
frequently done utilizing a data center with dozens or even millions of stacked [Link]
it can be constructed from a range of resources, including clusters and even networked PCs,
cloud infrastructure can be heterogeneous in character.

Layered Architecture of Cloud

Application Layer

• The application layer, which is at the top of the stack, is where the actual cloud apps
are located. Cloud applications, as opposed to traditional applications, can take
advantage of the automatic-scaling functionality to gain greater performance,
availability, and lower operational costs.
• This layer consists of different Cloud Services which are used by cloud users. Users
can access these applications according to their needs. Applications are divided into
Execution layers and Application layers.
• In order for an application to transfer data, the application layer determines whether
communication partners are available. Whether enough cloud resources are accessible
for the required communication is decided at the application layer. Applications must
cooperate in order to communicate, and an application layer is in charge of this.
• The application layer, in particular, is responsible for processing IP traffic handling
protocols like Telnet and FTP. Other examples of application layer systems include web
browsers, SNMP protocols, HTTP protocols, or HTTPS, which is HTTP’s successor
protocol.
By: Malleswari S, HOD BCA Department, IVDC
 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Platform Layer

• The operating system and application software make up this layer.

• Users should be able to rely on the platform to provide them with Scalability,
Dependability, and Security Protection which gives users a space to create their apps,
test operational processes, and keep track of execution outcomes and performance.
SaaS application implementation’s application layer foundation.
• The objective of this layer is to deploy applications directly on virtual machines.

• Operating systems and application frameworks make up the platform layer, which is
built on top of the infrastructure layer. The platform layer’s goal is to lessen the
difficulty of deploying programmers directly into VM containers.
• By way of illustration, Google App Engine functions at the platform layer to provide
API support for implementing storage, databases, and business logic of ordinary web
apps.

Infrastructure Layer

• It is a layer of virtualization where physical resources are divided into a collection of

virtual resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, and VMware.
• This layer serves as the Central Hub of the Cloud Environment, where resources are
constantly added utilizing a variety of virtualization techniques.
• A base upon which to create the platform layer. constructed using the virtualized
network, storage, and computing resources. Give users the flexibility they want.
• Automated resource provisioning is made possible by virtualization, which also
improves infrastructure management.
• The infrastructure layer sometimes referred to as the virtualization layer, partitions the
physical resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, Hyper-V, and
VMware to create a pool of compute and storage resources.
• The infrastructure layer is crucial to cloud computing since virtualization technologies
are the only ones that can provide many vital capabilities, like dynamic resource
assignment.

Datacenter Layer

• In a cloud environment, this layer is responsible for Managing Physical Resources such
as servers, switches, routers, power supplies, and cooling systems.
• Providing end users with services requires all resources to be available and managed

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

in data centers.
• Physical servers connect through high-speed devices such as routers and switches to
the data center.
• In software application designs, the division of business logic from the persistent data
it manipulates is well-established. This is due to the fact that the same data cannot be
incorporated into a single application because it can be used in numerous ways to
support numerous use cases. The requirement for this data to become a service has
arisen with the introduction of microservices.
• A single database used by many microservices creates a very close coupling. As a
result, it is hard to deploy new or emerging services separately if such services need
database modifications that may have an impact on other services. A data layer
containing many databases, each serving a single microservice or perhaps a few closely
related microservices, is needed to break complex service interdependencies.

Virtualization
Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a
server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources". In other words,
Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical instance of a resource or
an application among multiple customers and organizations. It does by assigning a logical name
to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
Types of Virtualization:

• Hardware Virtualization.
• Operating system Virtualization.
• Server Virtualization.
• Storage Virtualization.
• Application Virtualization
1) Hardware Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed
on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization. The main job of hypervisor is to
control and monitoring the processor, memory and other hardware resources. After
virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it and run
different applications on those OS.
Usage: Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling
virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.
2) Operating System Virtualization:

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host
operating system instead of directly on the hardware system is known as operating system
virtualization.

Usage: Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications on different
platforms of OS.

3) Server Virtualization:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed
on the Server system is known as server virtualization.
Usage:
Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be divided into multiple
servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.
4) Storage Virtualization:

Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network
storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device. Storage virtualization is also
implemented by using software applications.

Usage:

Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.

5) Application Virtualization:

Application virtualization is a software technology that encapsulates computer programs from

the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is
not installed in the traditional sense,[1] although it is still executed as if it were. Theapplication
behaves at runtime like it is directly interfacing with the original operating system and all the
resources managed by it, but can be isolated or sandboxed to varying degrees.

Usage: Application and desktop virtualization enables centralized management of the complete
desktop environment ecosystem.

Cloud Computing and Virtualization Comparision

[Link] Cloud Computing Virtualization
1. Cloud computing is used to provide pools While It is used to make various simulated
and automated resources that can be environments through a physical hardware
accessed on-demand. system.
2. Cloud computing setup is tedious, While virtualization setup is simple as compared
complicated. to cloud computing.
3. Cloud computing is high scalable. While virtualization is low scalable compared to
cloud computing.
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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

4. Cloud computing is Very flexible. While virtualization is less flexible than cloud
computing.
5. In the condition of disaster recovery, cloud While it relies on single peripheral device.
computing relies on multiple machines.
6. In cloud computing, the workload is In virtualization, the workload is stateful.
stateless.
7. The total cost of cloud computing is higher The total cost of virtualization is lower than
than virtualization. Cloud Computing.
8. Cloud computing requires many dedicated While single dedicated hardware can do a great
hardware. job in it.
9. Cloud computing provides unlimited While storage space depends on physical server
storage space. capacity in virtualization.
10. Cloud computing is of two types : Public Virtualization is of two types : Hardware
cloud and Private cloud. virtualization and Application virtualization.
11. In Cloud Computing, Configuration is In Virtualization, Configuration is template
image based. based.
12. In cloud computing, we utilize the entire In Virtualization, the entire servers are on-
server capacity and the entire servers are demand.
consolidated.
13. In cloud computing, the pricing pay as you In Virtualization, the pricing is totally dependent
go model, and consumption is the metric on infrastructure costs.
on which billing is done.

Pros and Cons of Virtualization

Pros of Virtualization in Cloud Computing :

• Utilization of Hardware Efficiently – With the help of Virtualization Hardware is Efficiently

used by user as well as Cloud Service Provider. In this the need of Physical Hardware System
for the User isdecreases and this results in less costly.

• Availability increases with Virtualization – One of the main benefit of Virtualization is that it
provides advance features which allow virtual instances to be available all the times. Also, we can
access information from any location and any time from any device.

• Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy – With the help of virtualization Data Recovery,
Backup, Duplication becomes very easy. With the tools of Virtualization real time data backup
recovery and mirroring become easy task and provide surety of zero percent data loss.

• Virtualization saves Energy – Virtualization will help to save Energy because while moving
from physical Serversto Virtual Server’s, the number of Server’s decreases due to this monthly
power and cooling cost decreases which will Save Money as well.

• Quick and Easy Set up – In traditional methods Setting up physical system and servers are very
time- consuming. But with the help of virtualization the entire process is done in very less time
which results in productive setup.

• Cloud Migration becomes easy –

By: Malleswari S, HOD BCA Department, IVDC
 Cloud Computing Unit-2

Most of the companies those who already have spent a lot in the server have a doubt
of Shifting to Cloud. But it is more cost-effective to shift to cloud services because all
the data that is present in their server’s can be easily migrated into the cloud server.
Cons of Virtualization :

• Data can be at Risk – Working on virtual instances on shared resources means that our data is
hosted on third party resource which put’s our data in vulnerable condition.

• Learning New Infrastructure – As Organization shifted from Servers to Cloud. They required
skilled staff who can work with cloud easily.

• High Initial Investment – It is true that Virtualization will reduce the cost of companies but also it
is truth that Cloud have high initial investment. It provides numerous services which are not required.

Technology Examples

Xen

Xen (pronounced /ˈzɛn/) is a free and open-source type-1 hypervisor, providing services that
allow multiple computer operating systems to execute on the same computer hardware
concurrently. It was originally developed by the University of Cambridge Computer
Laboratory and is now being developed by the Linux Foundation with support from Intel,
Citrix, Arm Ltd, Huawei, AWS, Alibaba Cloud, AMD, Bitdefender and [Link] of Xen:

• Consolidation leading to increased utilization

• Rapid provisioning
• Dynamic fault tolerance against software failures (through rapid bootstrapping or
rebooting)
• Hardware fault tolerance (through migration of a virtual machine to different
hardware)
• Secure separations of virtual operating systems
• Support for legacy software as well as new OS instances on the same comput

Types of Virtualization Xen Offers:

• PV (paravirtualization): Virtualization-aware Guest and devices.

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• HVM (hardware virtual machine): Fully hardware-assisted virtualization with

emulated devices.
• HVM with PV drivers: Fully hardware-assisted virtualization with PV drivers for IO
devices.
• PVHVM (paravirtualization with hardware virtualization): PV supported hardware-
assisted virtualization with PV drivers for IO devices.
• PVH (PV in an HVM container): Fully paravirtualized Guest accelerated by
hardware-assisted virtualization where available.

Paravirtualization (PV):

Paravirtualization (PV) is an efficient and lightweight virtualization technique introduced by

the Xen Project team, later adopted by other virtualization solutions. PV does not require
virtualization extensions from the host CPU and thus enables virtualization on hardware
architectures that do not support Hardware-assisted virtualization. However, PV guests and
control domains require kernel support and drivers that in the past required special kernel
builds, but are now part of the Linux kernel as well as other operating systems.

Paravirtualization implements the following functionality

• Disk and Network drivers

• Interrupts and timers
• Emulated Motherboard and Legacy Boot
• Privileged Instructions and Page Tables
Advantages of Paravirtualization:

• Improved Performance: Reduced overhead leads to faster execution of operations.

• Lower Virtualization Overhead: Enhanced efficiency with reduced virtualization-
related resource consumption.
• Resource Efficiency: More effective collaboration between guest OS and hypervisor
for resource management.
• Compatibility with Older Hardware: Suitable for virtualization on hardware lacking
virtualization extensions.
• Open Source Support: Many open-source OSs adapted to support Xen's
paravirtualization.

Disadvantages of Paravirtualization:

• Guest OS Modification Required: Requires modifying the guest OS, limiting support
for closed-source OSs.
• Limited OS Support: Not all operating systems support paravirtualization, especially
proprietary ones.
• Complexity for Deployment: Setup complexity increases due to the need for a
modified guest OS.
• Dependency on Hypervisor Support: Compatibility may vary among hypervisors for
paravirtualization support.
• Security Concerns: Guest OS modifications may raise security concerns if not
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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

implemented securely.

VMware

VMware virtualization software refers to a suite of products developed by VMware, a leading

company in the virtualization and cloud computing industry. This software is designed to
enable the creation, management, and optimization of virtualized environments, allowing
multiple virtual instances to run on a single physical server. Key components include:

Key aspects of VMware for virtualization include:

• VMware vSphere: This is VMware's flagship virtualization platform. It provides a

comprehensive suite of tools for creating, managing, and optimizing virtualized
infrastructure.
• Hypervisor (ESXi): VMware ESXi is a bare-metal hypervisor that serves as the
foundation for vSphere. It is installed directly on the physical hardware of a server
and enables the creation and management of VMs.
• VMware Workstation and Fusion: These desktop virtualization products allow users
to run multiple operating systems on a single desktop or laptop computer.
• VMware Horizon: This is a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) solution that allows
organizations to deliver virtual desktops and applications to end-users.
• VMware NSX: NSX is a network virtualization and security platform that enables the
creation and management of virtual networks.
• VMware Cloud on AWS: This offering allows organizations to extend their on-
premises VMware environments to the AWS cloud.
Full Virtualization of VMware:

Full virtualization in the context of VMware typically refers to a virtualization technique where
the guest operating system runs unmodified on the virtual machine, and the hypervisor provides
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complete simulation of the underlying hardware. In other words, the guest OS is unaware that
it is running in a virtualized environment and interacts with the virtual hardware as if it were
running on physical hardware.
Advantages of Full Virtualization:
• Broad compatibility with unmodified guest operating systems.
• Isolation between virtual machines enhances security.
• Straightforward deployment and migration of virtual appliances.
• Supports simultaneous operation of multiple diverse operating systems.
• Centralized management tools in hypervisors like VMware ESXi.

Disadvantages of Full Virtualization:

• Performance overhead due to hardware emulation.
• Increased resource demands on CPU, memory, and storage.
• Reduced performance for specific high-demand workloads.
• Dependency on hardware features for optimal performance.
• Complexity in hypervisor design may introduce potential vulnerabilities.
• Possible licensing costs associated with certain VMware products.

Microsoft Hyper-V

Microsoft Hyper-V is a hypervisor-based virtualization

platform developed by Microsoft. It allows users to create and
manage virtual machines on Windows servers. Hyper-V
enables the virtualization of computing resources, such as
processors, memory, storage, and networking, allowing multiple operating systems to run on a
single physical server.

Some of key features are

• Type 1 Hypervisor: Hyper-V operates directly on hardware, serving as a Type 1
hypervisor for efficient virtualization.
• Virtual Machines: Enables the creation and operation of virtual machines on
Windows servers, supporting various operating systems.
• Integration with Windows Server: Integrated into Windows Server, making it a
seamless choice for Windows-centric environments.

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• Live Migration: Supports live migration for moving running virtual machines between
physical servers with minimal downtime.
• Hyper-V Replica: Provides replication for virtual machines, creating a secondary host
for disaster recovery.
• Snapshot and Checkpoint: Allows the creation of snapshots or checkpoints for easy
backup and recovery of virtual machines.
• Dynamic Memory: Features Dynamic Memory, enabling adjustment of virtual
machine memory allocation without requiring a restart.
• Integration Services: Enhances host-virtual machine interaction, improving
performance and compatibility.
• Hyper-V Manager: Graphical tool for administrators to manage virtual machines,
virtual networks, and other Hyper-V components.

Advantages:
• Seamless integration with Windows environments.
• Cost-effectiveness, included in Windows Server editions.
• Supports live migration for minimal downtime.
• Hyper-V Replica provides disaster recovery capabilities.
• Snapshot and checkpoint features for easy backup and recovery.
• Dynamic memory management adjusts allocation without restart.
• User-friendly Hyper-V Manager.

Disadvantages:

• Limited cross-platform support compared to some competitors.

• Potential learning curve for administrators not familiar with Windows environments.
• Resource overhead for specific workloads.
• Perceived feature set may be less robust than some competing hypervisors.
• Requires hardware virtualization support (Intel VT or AMD-V).
• Less extensive community and third-party support ecosystem.

Important Questions

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 Cloud Computing Unit-2

1. Explain the Infrastructure as service(IaaS) in Cloud computing.

2. Explain the Platform as service(PaaS) in Cloud computing.
3. Explain the Software as service(SaaS) in Cloud computing.
4. Write a note on Cloud deployment models.
5. Define Virtualization. Explain types of Virtualization.
6. Explain the Layered Architecture of Cloud computing.
7. Write a note on Virtualization technologies.
8. Write the pros and cons of Virtualiation.
9. Explain Para virtualization.
10. Explain the Full virtualization.
11. Explain the Microsoft Hyper-V.

By: Malleswari S, HOD BCA Department, IVDC