Unit - 5

Cloud Computing
 Syllabus

• Definition of Cloud Computing

• Characteristics of cloud
• Cloud Deployment Models
• Cloud Service Models
• Driving Factors and Challenges of Cloud
• Virtualization
• Load balancing
• Scalability and Elasticity
• Replication
• Monitoring
• Cloud Services and platforms
• Compute Services
• Storage Services
• Application Services
 Definitions of cloud
• Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services
over the internet, including storage, processing power, and
software applications.
• It allows users to access resources and services on-demand,
without the need for physical infrastructure or local servers.
NIST Cloud definition
 Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud architecture refers to how various cloud technology components, such as

hardware, virtual resources, software capabilities, and virtual network systems
interact and connect to create cloud computing environments.
1.Essential Characteristics of cloud computing
• On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision
resources and services as needed, without requiring
human interaction with service providers.
• Broad Network Access: Services are accessible over
the internet via standard protocols and devices.
• Resource Pooling: Computing resources are pooled
together to serve multiple users, allowing for efficient
utilization and scalability.
• Rapid Elasticity: Resources can be scaled up or down
quickly to meet changing demands.
• Measured Service: Cloud service usage is measured,
monitored, and billed based on actual consumption.
Cloud common characteristics
Evolution of Cloud Services
 2.Cloud Deployment Models
• It identifies the boundaries within which cloud
computing services are implemented.
• It is possible to differentiate four different types of cloud
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
• Community Cloud
Cloud Deployment Models
 Public Cloud
• Services are provided over a
public network and available
to anyone who wants to use
them.
• It is a cost-effective option
for businesses and individuals
looking for scalability and
flexibility.
• Public cloud providers, such as
AWS, Azure, and GCP, offer a
wide range of services
accessible to the general
public.
Examples

• Amazon EC2 is a public cloud that provides Infrastructure as a

Service
• Google AppEngine is a public cloud that provides Platform as a
Service
• SalesForce.com is a public cloud that provides software as a
service.
Advantage
• Offers unlimited scalability – on demand resources are available to meet your
business needs.
• Lower costs—no need to purchase hardware or software and you pay only for the
service you use.
• No maintenance - Service provider provides the maintenance.
• Offers reliability: Vast number of resources are available so failure of a system will not
interrupt service.
• Services like SaaS, PaaS, IaaS are easily available on Public Cloud platform as it can be
accessed from anywhere through any Internet enabled devices.
• Location independent – the services can be accessed from any location
Disadvantage
• No control over privacy or security
• Cannot be used for use of sensitive applications(Government and Military agencies
will not consider Public cloud)
• Lacks complete flexibility(since dependent on provider)
• No stringent (strict) protocols regarding data management
Private Cloud

• Infrastructure is dedicated to a
single organization and may be
located on-premises or off-
premises.
• Private cloud environments are
designed to meet specific
security, compliance, or
performance requirements.
• They offer enhanced control,
customization, and privacy but
require significant upfront
investment.
• Advantage
• Offers greater Security and Privacy
• Organization has control over resources
• Highly reliable
• Saves money by virtualizing the resources
• Disadvantage
• Expensive when compared to public cloud
• Requires IT Expertise to maintain resources.
• Inability to scale on demand and to efficiently
address peak loads.
Example
• AWS: Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
• Cisco: Quickstart private Cloud
• IBM
• Microsoft Azure
• Oracle
Hybrid Cloud

• Combines public and

private cloud
environments, allowing for
flexibility and data sharing
between the two.
• Organizations can
influence the benefits of
both public and private
clouds, ensuring optimal
resource allocation.
• Hybrid cloud deployments
enable workload portability
and seamless integration
• Advantage
• It is scalable
• Offers better security
• Flexible-Additional resources are availed in public cloud when
needed
• Cost-effectiveness—we have to pay for extra resources only
when needed.
• Control - Organization can maintain a private infrastructure for
sensitive application
Disadvantage
• Possibility of security breach(violate) through public cloud
Community Cloud
• Community cloud is a deployment
model where infrastructure and
services are shared among a
specific community or group of
organizations.
• It caters to the needs of a
particular community, such as
government agencies, educational
institutions, or research
organizations.
• Community cloud provides a cost-
effective solution while addressing
specific requirements and
compliance standards of the
community.
Advantages of Community cloud
• Openness: By removing the dependency on cloud vendors,
community clouds are open systems in which fair competition
between different solution can happen.
• Community: Being based on a collective that provides
resources and services, the infrastructure turns out to be more
scalable because the system can grow simply by expanding its
user base.
• Graceful failures: Since there is no single provider or vendor in
control of the infrastructure, there is no single point of failure.
• Convenience and control: Within a community cloud there is
no conflict between convenience and control because the
cloud is shared and owned by the community, which makes all
the decisions through a collective democratic process.
• Moreover,these cloudst end to be more organic by growing
and shrinking in a relationship to support the demand of the
community, which in turn sustain sit.
 Cloud Service Models

• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Infrastructure as a Service, is a cloud computing

model that provides on-demand access to
computing resources such as servers, storage,
networking, and virtualization.
• IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over
the internet. Users have control over the operating
systems, storage, and networking components.
• They can provision and manage virtual machines
(VMs), storage, and networks according to their
requirements.
• Examples of IaaS providers include AWS EC2, Azure
Virtual Machines, and Google Compute Engine.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)

• PaaS may include runtimes such as Java runtimes,

databases such as mySQL or Oracle, and web servers
such as TomcatPaaS offers a platform for developing,
testing, and deploying applications.
• Users can focus on application development without
worrying about infrastructure management.
• PaaS providers manage the underlying infrastructure,
including servers, storage, and networking.
• Developers can leverage pre-configured environments,
development frameworks, and deployment tools.
• Examples of PaaS providers include Heroku, Google
App Engine, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
 Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Software as a service (or SaaS) is a way of delivering applications

over the Internet—as a service.
• Instead of installing and maintaining software, you simply access it
via the Internet, freeing yourself from complex software and
hardware management.
• SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a
subscription basis.
• Users can access and use applications directly through a web
browser or APIs.
• TheService Models
provider hosts and manages the underlying infrastructure,
application, and data.
• Users can typically customize certain aspects of the application to
fit their needs.
• Examples of SaaS include Salesforce, Microsoft Office 365, and
Google Workspace.
Benefits of Cloud
• Cost Savings: Pay for what you use, with no upfront
infrastructure costs.
• Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand.
• Flexibility: Access resources and applications from anywhere
with an internet connection.
• Reliability: Cloud providers typically offer high uptime and data
redundancy.
• Collaboration: Enable seamless collaboration and data sharing
among teams.
Cloud Computing Use Cases

• Data Storage and Backup: Store and back up large amounts of data
securely.
• Software Development and Testing: Rapidly create and deploy
applications in a scalable environment.
• Web and Mobile Applications: Host web and mobile applications in
the cloud for global accessibility.
• Big Data Analytics: Process and analyze vast amounts of data using
cloud resources.
• Disaster Recovery: Maintain data backups and recovery plans in the
cloud for business continuity.
Cloud Architecture
• Cloud architecture refers to the design and structure of cloud
computing environments, including the arrangement of
components and the relationships between them.
• It involves various elements that work together to deliver cloud
services and ensure reliability, scalability, and security.
 NIST Architecture of Cloud

Cloud Architecture
• Cloud Consumer: An individual or organization that engages in a
business partnership with Cloud Providers and utilizes their services.

• Cloud Provider: A person, organization, or entity that is accountable for

offering services to individuals or entities who are interested in them.

• Cloud Auditor: A party capable of conducting an impartial evaluation of

cloud services, as well as assessing the performance, security, and
operations of the cloud implementation.
Cont…
• Cloud Broker: An entity responsible for managing the utilization,
performance, and delivery of cloud services. Additionally, they act as
mediators between Cloud Providers and Cloud Consumers, negotiating
relationships between the two parties.

• Cloud Carrier: An intermediary that facilitates the connectivity and

• Up-front Planning: Prioritize up-front planning to understand capacity needs and
avoid unexpected production glitches. Continuously test performance during the
architecture design phase.

• Security First: Implement robust security measures to protect against

unauthorized access. Safeguard all layers of the cloud infrastructure through data
encryption, and strict security policies. Consider adopting zero-trust security
models for enhanced protection in hybrid and multi-cloud environments.

• Disaster Recovery Readiness: Automate recovery processes to minimize costly

downtime and ensure swift recovery from service disruptions. Implement
monitoring mechanisms to track capacity and utilize redundant networks for a
highly available architecture.
Cloud Architecture Best Practices
• Maximize Performance: Optimize computing resources by continuously
monitoring business demands and technological requirements. Efficiently manage
and allocate resources to maintain optimal performance levels.

• Cost Optimization: Leverage automated processes, managed service providers,

and utilization tracking to reduce unnecessary cloud computing expenses.
Regularly review and optimize resource allocation to ensure cost-effectiveness.
Cloud Computing - Opportunities and Challenges
• It enables services to be used without any
understanding of their infrastructure.
• Cloud computing works using economies of scale
• It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up
companies, as they would no longer need to buy
their own software or servers.
• Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
• Vendors and Service providers claim costs by
establishing an ongoing revenue stream.
• Data and services are stored remotely but accessible
from “anywhere”
 Driving Factors of Cloud Computing

1. Virtualization
2. Load balancing
3. Scalability and Elasticity
4. Replication
5. Monitoring
VIRTUALIZATION
• Virtualization is the ability to run multiple operating systems on a single
physical system and share the underlying hardware resources*
• It is the process by which one computer hosts the appearance of many
computers.
• Virtualization is used to improve IT throughput and costs by using physical
resources as a pool from which virtual resources can be allocated.
• Virtualization is a proved technology that makes it possible to run multiple
operating system and applications on the same server at same time.
• Virtualization is the process of creating a logical(virtual) version of a server
operating system, a storage device, or network services.
• The technology that work behind virtualization is known as a virtual machine
monitor(VM), or virtual manager which separates compute environments
from the actual physical infrastructure
• Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of
computing resources from their users, applications, or end
users.
• This includes making a single physical resource (such as a
server, an operating system, an application, or storage
device) appear to function as multiple virtual resources.
• It can also include making multiple physical resources
(such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single
virtual resource.
• In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a
virtual (rather than actual) version of something, like
computer hardware platforms, operating systems, storage
devices, and computer network resources
 Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and
hardware.
• Host machine: The machine on which the virtual machine is created.
• Guest machine: virtual machines referred as a guest machine.
• Hypervisor: Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a
Virtual Machine Manager

Virtualization Example
Advantages of Virtualization:
1. Reduced Costs.
2. Efficient hardware Utilization.
3. Virtualization leads to better resource Utilization and increase
performance
4. Testing for software development.
5. Increase Availability
6. Save energy
7. Shifting all your Local Infrastructure to Cloud in a day
8. Possibility to Divide Services
9. Running application not supported by the host.
Disadvantages of Virtualization:
1. Extra Costs.
2. Software Licensing.
 Benefits of Virtualization
• More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
• Enhance development productivity.
• It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
• Remote access and rapid scalability.
• High availability and disaster recovery.
• Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
• Enables running multiple operating systems.
 Drawback of Virtualization
• High Initial Investment: Clouds have a very high initial investment,
but it is also true that it will help in reducing the cost of companies.
• Learning New Infrastructure: As the companies shifted from Servers
to Cloud, it requires highly skilled staff who have skills to work with
the cloud easily, and for this, you have to hire new staff or provide
training to current staff.
• Risk of Data: Hosting data on third-party resources can lead to putting
the data at risk, it has the chance of getting attacked by any hacker or
cracker very easily.
 Types of Virtualization

1. Application Virtualization
2. Network Virtualization
3. Desktop Virtualization
4. Storage Virtualization
5. Server Virtualization
6. Data virtualization
Network Virtualization

• The ability to run multiple virtual networks with each having a separate control
and data plan.
• It co-exists together on top of one physical network.
• It can be managed by individual parties that are potentially confidential to each
other.
• Network virtualization provides a facility to create and provision virtual
networks, logical switches, routers, firewalls, load balancers.
• VPN is an example, which creates a secure connection between one network and
other over a network.
There are two types of Network Virtualizations in cloud computing:
• Internal Network Virtualization : Acts within one server to emulate a physical
network.
• External Network Virtualization : Combines multiple networks, acts on systems
outside of a single server.
 Storage Virtualization

•Storage virtualization is an array of servers that

are managed by a virtual storage system.
•The servers aren’t aware of exactly where their
data is stored and instead function more like
worker bees in a hive.
• It makes managing storage from multiple
sources be managed and utilized as a single
repository.
•Storage virtualization software maintains smooth
operations, consistent performance, and a
continuous suite of advanced functions despite
changes, breaks down, and differences in the
underlying equipment.
•File based virtualization can be used for disaster
recovery.
 Application Virtualization
• Application virtualization helps a user to have remote access to an
application from a server.
• The server stores all personal information and other characteristics of
the application but can still run on a local workstation through the
internet.
• An example of this would be a user who needs to run two different
versions of the same software.
• Technologies that use application virtualization are hosted
applications and packaged applications.
 Desktop Virtualization
• Desktop virtualization allows the users’ OS to be remotely stored on a
server in the data center.
• It allows the user to access their desktop virtually, from any location
by a different machine.
• Users who want specific operating systems other than Windows
Server will need to have a virtual desktop.
• The main benefits of desktop virtualization are user mobility,
portability, and easy management of software installation and
updates.
 Server Virtualization
• This is a kind of virtualization in which the masking of server resources
takes place.
• Here, the central server (physical server) is divided into multiple different
virtual servers by changing the identity number, and processors.
• So, each system can operate its operating systems in an isolated manner.
• Where each sub-server knows the identity of the central server.
• It causes an increase in performance and reduces the operating cost by
the deployment of main server resources into a sub-server resource.
• It’s beneficial in virtual migration, reducing energy consumption, reducing
infrastructural costs, etc.
 Data Virtualization
• This is the kind of virtualization in which the data is collected from
various sources and managed at a single place without knowing more
about the technical information like how data is collected, stored &
formatted then arranged that data logically so that its virtual view can
be accessed by its interested people and stakeholders, and users
through the various cloud services remotely.
• Many big giant companies are providing their services like Oracle,
IBM, At scale, Cdata, etc.
 Uses of Virtualization

• Data-integration
• Business-integration
• Service-oriented architecture data-services
• Searching organizational data
 Load Balancing

• Load balancing is an essential technique used in cloud computing to

optimize resource utilization and ensure that no single resource is
overburdened with traffic.
• It is a process of distributing workloads across multiple computing
resources, such as servers, virtual machines, or containers, to achieve
better performance, availability, and scalability.
• In cloud computing, load balancing can be implemented at various
levels, including the network layer, application layer, and database
layer.
• The most common load balancing techniques used in cloud
computing are: network,application,database.
Network Load Balancing:
• This technique is used to balance the network traffic across multiple
servers or instances.
• It is implemented at the network layer and ensures that the incoming
traffic is distributed evenly across the available servers.
Application Load Balancing:
• This technique is used to balance the workload across multiple
instances of an application.
• It is implemented at the application layer and ensures that each
instance receives an equal share of the incoming requests.
Database Load Balancing:
• This technique is used to balance the workload across multiple
database servers.
• It is implemented at the database layer and ensures that the incoming
queries are distributed evenly across the available database servers.
Load balancing helps to improve the overall performance and
reliability of cloud-based applications by ensuring that resources are
used efficiently and that there is no single point of failure.
 It also helps to scale applications on demand and provides high
availability and fault tolerance to handle traffic or server failures.
 Advantages
• Improved Performance: Load balancing helps to distribute the
workload across multiple resources, which reduces the load on each
resource and improves the overall performance of the system.
• High Availability: Load balancing ensures that there is no single point
of failure in the system, which provides high availability and fault
tolerance to handle server failures.
• Scalability: Load balancing makes it easier to scale resources up or
down as needed, which helps to handle spikes in traffic or changes in
demand.
• Efficient Resource Utilization: Load balancing ensures that resources
are used efficiently, which reduces wastage and helps to optimize
costs.
 Disadvantages

• Complexity: Implementing load balancing in cloud computing can be

complex, especially when dealing with large-scale systems. It requires
careful planning and configuration to ensure that it works effectively.
• Cost: Implementing load balancing can add to the overall cost of
cloud computing, especially when using specialized hardware or
software.
• Single Point of Failure: While load balancing helps to reduce the risk
of a single point of failure, it can also become a single point of failure
if not implemented correctly.
• Security: Load balancing can introduce security risks if not
implemented correctly, such as allowing unauthorized access or
exposing sensitive data.
 Elasticity
• Elasticity is defined as the ability of a system to add and
remove resources (such as CPU cores, memory, VM and
container instances) to adapt to the load variation in real
time.
• Elasticity is a dynamic property for cloud computing.
• Elasticity is the degree to which a system is able to adapt to
workload changes by provisioning and deprovisioning
resources in an autonomic manner, such that at each point in
time the available resources match the current demand as
closely as possible.

Elasticity = Scalability + Automation + Optimization

• Elasticity is built on top of scalability.
• It can be considered as an automation of the concept of scalability
and aims to optimize at best and as quickly as possible the resources
at a given time.
• Another term associated with elasticity is the efficiency, which
characterizes how cloud resource can be efficiently utilized as it scales
up or down.
• It is the amount of resources consumed for processing a given amount
of work, the lower this amount is, the higher the efficiency of a system.
• Rapid provisioning and deprovisioning are key to maintain a acceptable
performance in the context of cloud computing
• Quality of service is subjected to a service level agreement
• Elasticity solutions can be arranged in different classes based on
• Scope
• Policy
• Purpose
• Method
a.Scope
• Elasticity can be implemented on any of the cloud layers.
• Most commonly, elasticity is achieved on the IaaS level, where the resources to be
provisioned are virtual machine instances.
• Other infrastructure services can also be scaled
• On the PaaS level, elasticity consists in scaling containers or databases for instance.
• Containers are packages of software that contain all necessary elements to run in any
environment.
• Both PaaS and IaaS elasticity can be used to implement elastic applications.
• The elasticity actions can be applied either at the infrastructure or application/platform
level.
• Google App Engine and Azure elastic pool are examples of elastic Platform as a Service (PaaS).
• Elasticity actions can be performed at the infrastructure level where the elasticity controller
monitors the system and takes decisions.
• The cloud infrastructures are based on the virtualization technology, which can be VMs or
containers.
• In the embedded elasticity, elastic applications are able to adjust their own resources according
to runtime requirements or due to changes in the execution flow.
Application Map:
The elasticity controller must have a complete map of the application components and
instances.
Code embedded:
The elasticity controller is embedded in the application source code.
The elasticity actions are performed by the application itself.
There must be a specialized controller for each application.
 b.Policy

• Elastic solutions can be either manual or automatic.

• A manual elastic solution: It would provide their users with tools to
monitor their systems and add or remove resources but leaves the
scaling decision to them.
• Automatic mode: All the actions are done automatically, and this
could be classified into reactive and proactive modes.
• Elastic solutions can be either reactive or predictive
Reactive mode:
The elasticity actions are triggered based on certain thresholds or rules, the
system reacts to the load (workload or resource utilization) and triggers
actions to adapt changes accordingly.
• An elastic solution is reactive when it scales a posteriori, based on a
monitored change in the system.
• These are generally implemented by a set of Event-Condition-Action rules.
Proactive mode:
This approach implements forecasting techniques, anticipates the future
needs and triggers actions based on this anticipation.
• A predictive or proactive elasticity solution uses its knowledge of either
 c.Purpose
• An elastic solution can have many purposes.
• The first one to come to mind is naturally performance, in which,the
focus should be put on their speed.
• Another purpose for elasticity can also be energy efficiency, where
using the minimum amount of resources is the dominating factor.
• Other solutions intend to reduce the cost by multiplexing either resource providers or
elasticity methods
• Elasticity has different purposes such as improving performance, increasing resource
capacity, saving energy, reducing cost and ensuring availability.
• Once we look at the elasticity objectives, there are different perspectives.
• Cloud IaaS providers try to maximize the profit by minimizing the resources while
offering a good Quality of Service (QoS),
• PaaS providers seek to minimize the cost they pay to the Cloud.
• The customers (end-users) search to increase their Quality of Experience (QoE) and to
minimize their payments.
• QoE is the degree of delight of the user of an application or service
d.Method
• Vertical elasticity, changes the amount of resources linked to existing instances
on-the- fly.
• This can be done in two manners.
• The first method is redimensioning a virtual machine instance, i.e., changing
the quota of physical resources allocated to it.
• This is however poorly supported by common operating systems as they fail to
take into account changes in CPU or memory without rebooting, thus resulting in
service interruption.

The second vertical scaling method involves VM migration: moving a virtual

machine instance to another physical machine with a different overall load
changes its available resources
• Horizontal scaling is the process of adding/removing
instances, which may be located at different locations.
• Load balancers are used to distribute the load among the
different instances.
• Vertical scaling is the process of modifying resources
(CPU, memory, storage or both) size for an instance at run
time.
• It gives more flexibility for the cloud systems to cope with
the varying workloads
 Replication
• Replication is used to create and maintain multiple copies of the data
in the cloud.
• Cloud enables rapid implementation of replication solutions for
disaster recovery for organizations.
• Cloud based data replication organizations can plan for disaster
recovery without making any capital expenditures on purchasing,
configuring and managing secondary site locations.
 Types of Replication

• Array based Replication

• Network based Replication
• Host based Replication
 Array Based Replication
• Array based replication is typically easier to manage and does not consume host
processing power.
• An array-based data replication strategy uses built-in software to automatically
replicate data. With this type of data replication, the software is used in
compatible storage arrays to copy data between each. This method has several
advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
• More strong.
• Requires less coordination when deployed
• The work gets loaded from the servers to the storage device
Disadvantages:
• Requires homogenous storage environments: the source and target array have to
be similar
• It is costly to implement
 Host-Based Data Replication
• Host-based data replication uses the servers to copy data from one site to another site. Host-based
replication software usually includes options like compression, encryption as well as failover.
Advantages:
• Flexible: It can control existing IP networks
• Can be customized to your business’ needs: You can choose what data to replicate
• Can create a schedule for sending data: allows you to modify bandwidth
• Can use any combination of storage devices on each end.
Disadvantages:
• Difficult to manage with a large group of servers if there is no centralized management console
• Consumes host resources during replication
• Both storage devices on each end need to be active, which means you will need to purchase
dedicated hardware and OS
• Not all applications can support this type of data replication
• Can be affected by viruses or application failure
• Host-based replication offers the safest option if a business is looking for close to zero impact on
operations after a disaster.
 Network-Based Data Replication
• Network-based data replication uses a device or appliance that sits on the
network in the path of the data to manage replication. The data is then copied
to a second device. These devices usually have proprietary replication
technology but can be used with any host server and storage hardware.
Advantages:
• Effective in large, heterogeneous storage and server environments
• Supports any host platform and works with any array
• Works separately from the servers and the storage devices
• Allows replication between multi-vendor products
Disadvantages:
• Higher initial set-up cost because it requires proprietary hardware, as well as
ongoing operational and management costs
• Requires implementation of a storage area network (SAN)
 Cloud Services and Platform
• Compute service - These services provide computation power to
process data on Cloud Platform like launching virtual machines.
• Virtual machines can be created from standard images provided by
cloud service provider or custom images created by the user.
• Amazon Elastic compute cloud is a compute service provided by
Amazon.
• Google compute Engine is a compute service provided by Google.
• Cloud service providers also provide API for various programming
languages that allow developers to access and manage these services
programmatically.
 Cloud Services and Platform
• Storage Service -Cloud storage services allow storage and retrieval of
any amount of data, at anytime anywhere on the web. Most cloud
storage service organize data into buckets or containers.
• Amazon S3- Amazon Simple Storage Service(S3) is an online cloud
based data storage infrastructure for storing and retrieving any
amount of data.
• Data stored on S3 is organized in the form of buckets. Create a bucket
before store data on S3.
Example:
• S3 provides highly reliable, scalable, fast, fully redundant and
affordable storage infrastructure.
 Cloud Services and Platform
• Application Service - Cloud based application runtimes and
frameworks allow developers to develop host applications in the
cloud.
• Support for various programming languages.
• Google app engine includes both application runtime and web
frameworks.
• Application runtime automatically allocate resources for applications
and handle the application scaling, without the need to run and
maintain servers.