Introduction to

Cloud Computing
Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Prof. Sneha Burnase

EXTC Engineering
MCT’s RGIT, MUMBAI
Introduction

What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing
services over the internet, including storage,
processing power, and software applications.

It allows users to access resources and

services on-demand, without the need for
physical infrastructure or local servers.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

• On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision resources

and services as needed, without requiring human
interaction with service providers.
• Broad Network Access: Services are accessible over the
internet via standard protocols and devices.
• Resource Pooling: Computing resources are pooled
together to serve multiple users, allowing for efficient
utilization and scalability.
• Rapid Elasticity: Resources can be scaled up or down
quickly to meet changing demands.
• Measured Service: Cloud service usage is measured,
monitored, and billed based on actual consumption.
Cloud Deployment Models
Cloud Deployment Models

Public Cloud

• Services are provided over a

public network and available
to anyone who wants to use
them.
• It is a cost-effective option for
businesses and individuals
looking for scalability and
flexibility.
• Public cloud providers, such as
AWS, Azure, and GCP, offer a
wide range of services
accessible to the general
public.
Cloud Deployment Models

Private Cloud
• Infrastructure is dedicated to
a single organization and may
be located on-premises or off-
premises.
• Private cloud environments
are designed to meet specific
security, compliance, or
performance requirements.
• They offer enhanced control,
customization, and privacy
but require significant upfront
investment.
Cloud Deployment Models

Hybrid Cloud
• Combines public and private
cloud environments, allowing
for flexibility and data sharing
between the two.
• Organizations can leverage
the benefits of both public and
private clouds, ensuring
optimal resource allocation.
• Hybrid cloud deployments
enable workload portability
and seamless integration
between different
environments.
Cloud Deployment Models

Community Cloud
• Community cloud is a
deployment model where
infrastructure and services are
shared among a specific
community or group of
organizations.
• It caters to the needs of a
particular community, such as
government agencies,
educational institutions, or
research organizations.
• Community cloud provides a
cost-effective solution while
addressing specific requirements
and compliance standards of the
community.
Service Models

Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)
IaaS provides virtualized computing
resources over the internet. Users
have control over the operating
systems, storage, and networking
components.

They can provision and manage

virtual machines (VMs), storage,
and networks according to their
requirements. Examples of IaaS
providers include AWS EC2, Azure
Virtual Machines, and Google
Compute Engine.
Service Models

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS offers a platform for
developing, testing, and deploying
applications.
Users can focus on application
development without worrying
about infrastructure management.
PaaS providers manage the
underlying infrastructure, including
servers, storage, and networking.
Developers can leverage pre-
configured environments,
development frameworks, and
deployment tools.
Examples of PaaS providers include
Heroku, Google App Engine, and
AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
Service Models

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS delivers software applications

over the internet on a subscription
basis.
Users can access and use
applications directly through a web
browser or APIs.
The provider hosts and manages
the underlying infrastructure,
application, and data.
Users can typically customize
certain aspects of the application to
fit their needs.
Examples of SaaS include
Salesforce, Microsoft Office 365,
and Google Workspace.
Benefits of Cloud

• Cost Savings: Pay for what you use, with no upfront

infrastructure costs.
• Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on
demand.
• Flexibility: Access resources and applications from anywhere
with an internet connection.
• Reliability: Cloud providers typically offer high uptime and data
redundancy.
• Collaboration: Enable seamless collaboration and data sharing
among teams.
Common Cloud Computing Use Cases

• Data Storage and Backup: Store and back up large amounts

of data securely.
• Software Development and Testing: Rapidly create and
deploy applications in a scalable environment.
• Web and Mobile Applications: Host web and mobile
applications in the cloud for global accessibility.
• Big Data Analytics: Process and analyze vast amounts of data
using cloud resources.
• Disaster Recovery: Maintain data backups and recovery plans
in the cloud for business continuity.
Cloud Architecture

• Cloud architecture refers to the design and structure of cloud

computing environments, including the arrangement of
components and the relationships between them.
• It involves various elements that work together to deliver cloud
services and ensure reliability, scalability, and security.
Cloud Architecture

NIST Architecture of Cloud

Cont…

• Cloud Consumer: An individual or organization that engages in a

business partnership with Cloud Providers and utilizes their services.

• Cloud Provider: A person, organization, or entity that is accountable

for offering services to individuals or entities who are interested in them.

• Cloud Auditor: A party capable of conducting an impartial evaluation of

cloud services, as well as assessing the performance, security, and
operations of the cloud implementation.

• Cloud Broker: An entity responsible for managing the utilization,

performance, and delivery of cloud services. Additionally, they act as
mediators between Cloud Providers and Cloud Consumers, negotiating
relationships between the two parties.

• Cloud Carrier: An intermediary that facilitates the connectivity and

transportation of cloud services from Cloud Providers to Cloud
Consumers.
Cloud Architecture Best Practices

• Up-front Planning: Prioritize up-front planning to understand capacity

needs and avoid unexpected production glitches. Continuously test
performance during the architecture design phase.

• Security First: Implement robust security measures to protect against

unauthorized access. Safeguard all layers of the cloud infrastructure through
data encryption, patch management, and strict security policies. Consider
adopting zero-trust security models for enhanced protection in hybrid and
multi-cloud environments.

• Disaster Recovery Readiness: Automate recovery processes to minimize

costly downtime and ensure swift recovery from service disruptions.
Implement monitoring mechanisms to track capacity and utilize redundant
networks for a highly available architecture.

• Maximize Performance: Optimize computing resources by continuously

monitoring business demands and technological requirements. Efficiently
manage and allocate resources to maintain optimal performance levels.

• Cost Optimization: Leverage automated processes, managed service

providers, and utilization tracking to reduce unnecessary cloud computing
expenses. Regularly review and optimize resource allocation to ensure cost-
effectiveness.
Conclusion

• Cloud computing enables the delivery of computing services over the

internet, eliminating the need for local infrastructure.

• Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service,

broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured
service.

• Deployment models include public, private, and hybrid clouds, offering

flexibility and data sharing options.

• Service models such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS provide virtualized computing
resources, platform for application development, and software delivery
respectively.

• Cloud computing offers benefits like cost savings, scalability, flexibility,

reliability, and enhanced collaboration.

• Cloud computing presents a transformative approach to computing,

offering cost-effective solutions, scalability, and flexibility for organizations
across various industries. By leveraging the benefits of cloud computing
and aligning with the appropriate deployment and service models,
organizations can drive innovation, improve efficiency, and adapt to
Remember

• Understand your specific needs and requirements when selecting a cloud

deployment and service model.

• Prioritize security measures such as data encryption and access controls

to protect against unauthorized access.

• Plan for disaster recovery and high availability to ensure business

continuity.
• Continuously monitor and optimize resource utilization for optimal
performance and cost savings.

• Regularly assess and adapt your cloud architecture to evolving business

needs and emerging technologies.
Cloud computing vs Traditional
computing
Sr. Cloud computing Traditional computing
No
1 It refers to delivery of different services
It refers to delivery of different services on
such as data and programs through
local server.
internet on different servers.

2 It takes place on third-party servers that is It takes place on physical hard drives and
hosted by third-party hosting companies. website servers.

3 It is ability to access data anywhere at any User can access data only on system in
time by user. which data is stored.

4 It is more cost effective as compared to

It is less cost effective as compared to
tradition computing as operation and
cloud computing because one has to buy
maintenance of server is shared among
expensive equipment’s to operate and
several parties that in turn reduce cost of
maintain server.
public services.

5 It is less user-friendly as compared to

It is more user-friendly as compared to cloud computing because data cannot be
traditional computing because user can accessed anywhere and if user has to
have access to data anytime anywhere access data in another system, then he
using internet. need to save it in external storage medium.
Cloud computing vs Traditional
computing cont…
Sr. Cloud computing Traditional computing
No
6 It requires fast, reliable and stable internet
It does not require any internet connection
connection to access information anywhere
to access data or information.
at any time.

7 It provides more storage space and

servers as well as more computing power It provides less storage as compared to
so that applications and software run must cloud computing.
faster and effectively.

8 It also provides scalability and elasticity

i.e., one can increase or decrease storage It does not provide any scalability and
capacity, server resources, etc., according elasticity.
to business needs.

9 It requires own team to maintain and

Cloud service is served by provider’s
monitor system that will need a lot of time
support team.
and efforts.

10 Software is offered as an on-demand Software in purchased individually for

service (SaaS) that can be accessed every user and requires to be updated
through subscription service. periodically.
Service models
Difference between IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
Sr. On basis of IaaS PaaS SaaS
No
1
Stands for Infrastructure as a service. Platform as a service. Software as a service.

2
IAAS is used by network PAAS is used by
Uses SAAS is used by the end user.
architects. developers.

3
PAAS gives access to run
IAAS gives access to the
time environment to
resources like virtual SAAS gives access to the end
Access deployment and
machines and virtual user.
development tools for
storage.
application.

4
It is a cloud computing
It is a service model that
model that delivers tools It is a service model in cloud
provides virtualized
Model that are used for the computing that hosts software to
computing resources over
development of make it available to clients.
the internet.
applications.

5
There is no requirement about
Technical It requires technical Some knowledge is required
technicalities company handles
understanding. knowledge. for the basic setup.
everything.
Service models
Difference between IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
Sr. On basis of IaaS PaaS SaaS
No
6
It is popular among developers It is popular among consumers and
It is popular among
Popularity who focus on the development companies, such as file sharing,
developers and researchers.
of apps and scripts. email, and networking.

7
It has around a 12% It has about a 27 % rise in the cloud
Percentage rise It has around 32% increment.
increment. computing model.

8
Used by the skilled developer
Used by mid-level developers Used among the users of
Usage to develop unique
to build applications. entertainment.
applications.

9
Amazon Web Services, sun, Facebook, and Google search MS Office web, Facebook and
Cloud services.
vCloud Express. engine. Google Apps.

10 Enterprise
AWS virtual private cloud. Microsoft Azure. IBM cloud analysis.
services.
11 Outsourced cloud
Salesforce Force.com, Gigaspaces. AWS, Terremark
services.
12
Operating System, Runtime,
User Controls Middleware, and Application Data of the application Nothing
data

13
It is highly scalable to suit the
It is highly scalable and It is highly scalable to suit the small,
Others different businesses according
flexible. mid and enterprise level business
to resources.
Advantages of IaaS
• The resources can be deployed by the provider to a customer’s
environment at any given time.
• Its ability to offer the users to scale the business based on their
requirements.
• The provider has various options when deploying resources including
virtual machines, applications, storage, and networks.
• It has the potential to handle an immense number of users.
• It is easy to expand and saves a lot of money. Companies can afford the
huge costs associated with the implementation of advanced technologies.
• Cloud provides the architecture.
• Enhanced scalability and quite flexible.
• Dynamic workloads are supported.
Disadvantages of IaaS
• Security issues are there.
• Service and Network delays are quite a issue in IaaS.
Advantages of PaaS –

• Programmers need not worry about what specific database or language the application
has been programmed in.

• It offers developers the to build applications without the overhead of the underlying
operating system or infrastructure.

• Provides the freedom to developers to focus on the application’s design while the
platform takes care of the language and the database.

• It is flexible and portable.

• It is quite affordable.

• It manages application development phases in the cloud very efficiently.

Disadvantages of PaaS

• Data is not secure and is at big risk.

• As data is stored both in local storage and cloud, there are high chances of data
mismatch while integrating the data.
Advantages of PaaS –

• Programmers need not worry about what specific database or language the application
has been programmed in.

• It offers developers the to build applications without the overhead of the underlying
operating system or infrastructure.

• Provides the freedom to developers to focus on the application’s design while the
platform takes care of the language and the database.

• It is flexible and portable.

• It is quite affordable.

• It manages application development phases in the cloud very efficiently.

Disadvantages of PaaS

• Data is not secure and is at big risk.

• As data is stored both in local storage and cloud, there are high chances of data
mismatch while integrating the data.
Advantages of SaaS

• It is a cloud computing service category providing a wide range of hosted

capabilities and services. These can be used to build and deploy web-based
software applications.

• It provides a lower cost of ownership than on-premises software. The reason is it

does not require the purchase or installation of hardware or licenses.

• It can be easily accessed through a browser along a thin client.

• No cost is required for initial setup.

• Low maintenance costs.

• Installation time is less, so time is managed properly.

Disadvantages of SaaS

• Low performance.

• It has limited customization options.

• It has security and data concerns.

Business Driver :

It is the interface or resource, and a process that is used for

the growth and success of the business. Every business has
its own driver to which they decide as per the
circumstances. Business drivers are the key inputs that
drive a business operationally and financially. Businesses
have been motivated to adopt such business drivers to
achieve organizational goals.

Example –
Some common examples of business drivers are the
quantity and price of the products sold, units of production,
number of enterprises, salespeople, etc.
Business Drivers in
Cloud Computing :

Business drivers have motivated organizations to adopt

cloud computing to meet and support the requirements of
these drivers. They have also motivated organizations to
become providers of the cloud environment. There are
three types of Business Drivers as follows.

Capacity Planning

Cost Reduction

Organizational Agility
Capacity Planning :
Capacity planning is the process in which an organization
estimates the production capacity needed for its products
to cope with the ever-changing demands in the market.
This involves estimating the storage, infrastructure,
hardware and software, availability of resources, etc. for
over a future period of time.
Cost Reduction :
Cost reduction is the process by which organizations reduce
unnecessary costs in order to increase their profits in the
business. There is a direct alignment between the cost and
the growth of the company, which is why cost reduction is
an important factor in the organization’s productivity. The
maximum usage requirements should be kept in mind when
dealing with the performance of the organization.
Organizational Agility :
Organization agility is the process by which an organization
will adapt and evolve to sudden changes caused by internal
and external factors. It measures how quickly an
organization will get back on its feet, in the face of
problems.

Agility requires stability, and for an organization to reach

organizational agility, it should build a stable foundation. In
the IT field, one should respond to business change by
scaling its IT resources.

If infrastructure seems to be the problem, changing the

business needs and prioritizing as per the circumstances
should be the solution.
THANK YOU