PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)

Mannivakkam, Chennai – 600048

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

Course Code: 24ME103202

Name of the Laboratory Course: Computer Aided Design Laboratory

Year: I

Semester: II

Class: Mechanical Engineering

Regulation 2024
 PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
Mannivakkam, Chennai – 600048

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certified that this is the bonafide record done by

Mr./Ms. .........................................................................................................................................

Register number......................................................... Department....................................................

........................................................ Year ................ Semester................ during the academic year

.................................................. in the Subject code / Subject name

...............................................................................................................

Staff In-Charge Head of the Department

Submitted for Practical Examination held on ...........................................

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 Index

Exp. Page
Date Title Signature
No. No.
1 Study of Basic concepts of drawing and software 4
Creation of simple figures like polygon and general
2 6
multi-line figures
Drawing of a Title Block with necessary text and
3 8
projection symbol
Drawing of curves like parabola, spiral, involute using
4 11
spline or cubic spline
Drawing of front view and top view of simple solids
5 like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, etc, and 14
dimensioning
6 Drawing front view, top view and side view of objects 17
Drawing of a plan for car parking (for car
7 20
manufacturing company)
Drawing sectional views of prism, pyramid, cylinder,
8 23
cone
9 Drawing isometric projection of simple objects 26
Creation of 3-D models of simple objects and
10 29
obtaining 2-D multi-view drawings from 3-D model

3
Exp. No. 1 Study of Basic concepts of drawing and software
Date:
Aim: To familiarize students with fundamental CAD drawing commands and techniques by
creating simple geometric shapes using AutoCAD.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Configure units to millimeters:
 Type UNITS and press Enter.
 In the dialog box, set:
 Length Type: Decimal
 Precision: 0
 Insertion Scale: Millimeters
 Click OK.
3. Draw a Rectangle:
o Type RECTANGLE or REC and press Enter.
o Click to specify the first corner point.
o Move the cursor diagonally and click to specify the opposite corner, or:
o After the first click, type the dimensions separated by a comma (e.g., 100,50 for a
100mm by 50mm rectangle) and press Enter.
4. Draw a Circle:
o Type CIRCLE or C and press Enter.
o Click to specify the center point.
o Type the radius (e.g., 25) and press Enter.
5. Draw a Line:
o Type LINE or L and press Enter.
o Click to specify the starting point.
o Move the cursor and click to specify the ending point, or:
o After the first click, type the length and angle (e.g., 100<45 for a 100mm line at a
45-degree angle) and press Enter.

4
 6. Modify Objects:
o Move:
 Type MOVE or M and press Enter.
 Select the object(s) to move and press Enter.
 Click to specify the base point.
 Click to specify the second point to define the move vector.
o Copy:
 Type COPY or CO and press Enter.
 Select the object(s) to copy and press Enter.
 Click to specify the base point.
 Click to specify the second point to place the copy.
o Trim:
 Type TRIM or TR and press Enter.
 Select the cutting edge(s) and press Enter.
 Click on the segment(s) to trim.
7. Save the Drawing:
o Click on the 'Save' icon or type SAVE and press Enter.
o Choose the desired location, enter a file name, and click Save.
Description: In this exercise, students will engage with AutoCAD's basic drawing and
modification commands to create simple geometric shapes. The exercise emphasizes
understanding coordinate input, object creation, and basic editing techniques. By completing this
task, students will gain hands-on experience with essential CAD operations, laying the
groundwork for more complex designs.
Upon completion, should be able to:
 Set up the drawing environment in AutoCAD.
 Utilize basic drawing commands to create geometric shapes.
 Apply modification commands to edit existing objects.
 Save and manage drawing files effectively.

Result:
Thus, the basic concepts of drawing and software are studied.

5
Exp. No. 2 Creation of simple figures like polygon and general multi-line figures
Date:
Aim: To learn how to create regular polygons and multiline figures using AutoCAD's
POLYGON and MLINE commands.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Ensure the units are set appropriately for your drawing.
o Use the UNITS command to adjust settings as needed.
3. Drawing a Polygon:
o Command: POLYGON
o Steps:
 Type POLYGON or POL and press Enter.
 Enter the number of sides (e.g., 6 for a hexagon) and press Enter.
 Specify the center point of the polygon by clicking in the drawing area or
entering coordinates.
 Choose between:
 Inscribed in circle (I): The polygon fits inside a circle.
 Circumscribed about circle (C): The polygon encloses a circle.
 Specify the radius of the circle by moving the cursor outward and clicking,
or by typing a value and pressing Enter.
4. Drawing Multiline Figures:
o Command: MLINE
o Steps:
 Type MLINE or ML and press Enter.
 To create a new multiline style:
 Type MLSTYLE and press Enter.
 In the Multiline Style dialog box, click 'New' to create a new style.
 Enter a name for the new style and click 'Continue'.

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  Define the parameters such as line count, offsets, colors, and
linetypes.
 Click 'OK' to save the new style.
 To draw with the multiline style:
 Ensure the desired multiline style is set as current using the
MLSTYLE command.
 Type MLINE and press Enter.
 Specify the start point by clicking in the drawing area or entering
coordinates.
 Continue specifying points to define the multiline shape.
 Press Enter to complete the multiline.
5. Saving the Drawing:
o Click on the 'Save' icon or type SAVE and press Enter.
o Choose the desired location, enter a file name, and click 'Save'.
Description: In this exercise, you will create regular polygons and multiline figures using
AutoCAD's POLYGON and MLINE commands. The POLYGON command allows for the
creation of equilateral shapes with a specified number of sides, while the MLINE command
enables the drawing of multiple parallel lines simultaneously, useful for representing complex
linework such as walls in architectural plans.
Upon completion, you should be able to:
 Create regular polygons with a specified number of sides.
 Define and use multiline styles to draw parallel lines with customized properties.
 Save and manage your drawing files effectively.


Result:
Thus, the creation of simple figures like polygon and general multi-line figures are created by
using standard CAD software.

7
Exp. No. 3 Drawing of a Title Block with necessary text and projection symbol
Date:

Aim: To design and implement a standardized title block in AutoCAD, incorporating essential
textual information and the appropriate projection symbol.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Ensure the units are set appropriately for your drawing using the UNITS
command.
o Switch to the 'Layout' tab where the title block will be created.
3. Design the Title Block:
o Outline the Frame:
 Use the RECTANGLE command to draw the outer boundary of the title
block, ensuring it fits within the printable area of your layout.
o Create Sections:
 Subdivide the main frame into sections using the LINE or RECTANGLE
commands. Common sections include:
 Project Title
 Drawing Title
 Company Name and Logo
 Drafter's Name
 Date
 Scale
 Drawing Number
 Projection Method
4. Insert Text and Attributes:
o Static Text:
 For labels like "Project Title" or "Scale," use the TEXT command to place
static text in the appropriate sections.

8
 o Dynamic Attributes:
 For information that changes with each drawing (e.g., Drawing Number,
Date), define attributes using the ATTDEF command:
 Set the 'Tag' to a descriptive identifier (e.g., "DRAWING_NO").
 Provide a 'Prompt' to guide users (e.g., "Enter Drawing Number:").
 Set a 'Default' value if applicable.
 Place the attribute definitions in their respective sections.
5. Add the Projection Symbol:
o Determine the Projection Method:
 Decide whether to use First Angle or Third Angle projection based on
your project's requirements.
o Draw the Symbol:
 Use basic drawing commands (CIRCLE, LINE, ARC) to create the
projection symbol.
 Ensure the symbol is accurately represented and placed appropriately
within the title block.
6. Create the Title Block as a Block:
o Select all components of the title block, including text, attributes, and the
projection symbol.
o Use the BLOCK command to define the title block:
 Assign a meaningful name (e.g., "Standard_Title_Block").
 Specify a base point, typically the lower-left corner of the title block.
 Ensure all relevant objects are selected.
 Click 'OK' to create the block.
7. Save the Title Block for Future Use:
o To reuse the title block in other drawings, save it as a drawing file:
 Select the title block.
 Use the WBLOCK command to write the block to a file.
 Choose a destination folder, provide a file name, and save.
8. Insert the Title Block into a Drawing:
o Open the drawing where you want to insert the title block.

9
 o Use the INSERT command:
 Browse to the saved title block file.
 Place it in the desired location within the layout.
o Upon insertion, you'll be prompted to enter values for the defined attributes (e.g.,
Drawing Number, Date).
Description: In this exercise, you will design a standardized title block in AutoCAD,
incorporating essential textual information and the appropriate projection symbol. The title block
serves as a consistent template for technical drawings, ensuring that all necessary details are
presented uniformly. By defining dynamic attributes, you facilitate easy updates to information
that varies between projects. Including the correct projection symbol ensures clarity in the
drawing's interpretation.
Upon completion of this exercise, will have:
 A customized title block saved as a reusable block or template.
 The ability to insert this title block into any drawing, with prompts to input dynamic
information.
 A clear understanding of how to represent projection methods accurately in drawings.

Result:
Thus, the title block with necessary text and projection symbol is created by using standard CAD
software.

10
Exp. No. 4 Drawing of curves like parabola, spiral, involute using spline or cubic spline
Date:

Aim: To construct curves such as a parabola, spiral, and involute in AutoCAD utilizing spline
commands.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Ensure the units are appropriately set using the UNITS command.
o Set the desired drawing limits with the LIMITS command.
3. Drawing a Parabola:
o Method 1: Using the Spline Command:
 Type SPLINE and press Enter.
 Specify the degree of the spline as 2 for a quadratic curve.
 Input control points that define the parabolic shape. For example, for the
equation y = x²:
 Start at (0,0).
 Next point at (1,1).
 Then (2,4), (3,9), and so on.
 Press Enter to finalize the spline.
o Method 2: Converting a Polyline to a Spline:
 Draw a polyline (PLINE command) through points that approximate the
parabola.
 Use the PEDIT command to convert the polyline into a spline.
 In the properties panel, change the Fit/Smooth property to Quadratic.
4. Drawing a Spiral:
o Using the Helix Command:
 Type HELIX and press Enter.
 Specify the center point for the base of the helix.
 Define the base radius.

11
  Set the top radius (for a conical spiral) or keep it the same as the base for a
cylindrical spiral.
 Specify the height of the helix.
 Adjust the number of turns as needed.
 The helix can be projected onto a plane or used as a path for other
operations.
5. Drawing an Involute:
o Manual Construction:
 Draw a circle representing the base circle.
 Divide the circle into equal segments.
 From each division point, draw tangents equal in length to the arc length
from the start point to that division.
 Connect the endpoints of these tangents using the SPLINE command to
form the involute curve.
o Using a Parametric Equation:
 Calculate points using the parametric equations of the involute:
 x = r * (cos(t) + t * sin(t))
 y = r * (sin(t) - t * cos(t))
 Plot these points in AutoCAD.
 Use the SPLINE command to connect them smoothly.
6. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review the curves for accuracy.
o Annotate as necessary.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename.
Description: This exercise guides you through creating complex curves in AutoCAD using
spline commands. Splines allow for the creation of smooth, flowing curves by specifying control
points or fit points. By adjusting the degree of the spline, you can model various types of curves,
including parabolas, spirals, and involutes. Understanding these methods enhances your ability to
represent complex geometries accurately in technical drawings.
Upon completion, will have:
 A parabolic curve constructed using spline techniques.

12
  A spiral created with the helix command.
 An involute curve drawn through manual construction or parametric equations.

Result:
Thus, the curves like parabola, spiral, involute using spline or cubic spline are created by using
standard CAD software.

13
Exp. No. 5 Drawing of front view and top view of simple solids like prism, pyramid,
cylinder, cone, etc, and dimensioning
Date:

Aim: To create accurate front and top orthographic projections of basic geometric solids—
Specifically a prism, pyramid, cylinder, and cone—and to apply appropriate dimensioning using
AutoCAD.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Configure the drawing units by typing UNITS and pressing Enter. Choose the
desired unit type (e.g., millimeters, inches) and precision.
o Set the drawing limits using the LIMITS command to define the working area.
o Ensure 'Ortho Mode' is active by pressing F8, which restricts cursor movement to
horizontal and vertical directions, aiding in creating orthographic projections.
3. Drawing the Front and Top Views:
o Rectangular Prism:
 Front View:
 Use the RECTANGLE command to draw the front face, specifying
the length and height.
 Top View:
 Directly above or below the front view, draw another rectangle
representing the top face, specifying the length and width.
o Pyramid (Square Base):
 Front View:
 Draw a horizontal line equal to the base width.
 Find the midpoint of this line and draw a vertical line representing
the height.
 Connect the endpoints of the base line to the top of the vertical line
to form the triangular front view.

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  Top View:
 Directly above or below the front view, draw a square representing
the base.
 Optionally, draw diagonals to indicate the apex's projection.
o Cylinder:
 Front View:
 Draw a rectangle representing the height and diameter.
 Add arcs at the top and bottom using the ARC command to
represent the circular ends.
 Top View:
 Directly above or below the front view, draw a circle representing
the top face.
o Cone:
 Front View:
 Draw a horizontal line equal to the base diameter.
 Find the midpoint and draw a vertical line representing the height.
 Connect the endpoints of the base line to the top of the vertical line
to form the triangular front view.
 Top View:
 Directly above or below the front view, draw a circle representing
the base.
4. Dimensioning:
o Use the DIMLINEAR command to dimension linear features such as lengths and
widths.
o For diameters and radii, use the DIMDIAMETER and DIMRADIUS commands,
respectively.
o Ensure all dimensions are placed clearly, avoiding clutter, and adhering to
standard drafting practices.
5. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review the drawing for accuracy, ensuring all views are aligned correctly.

15
 o Apply line weights and types appropriately to distinguish between visible and
hidden edges.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise involves creating orthographic projections—specifically the front and
top views—of basic geometric solids using AutoCAD. Orthographic projection is a method of
representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, where views are aligned and scaled
accurately. Dimensioning these views provides precise measurements necessary for
manufacturing or analysis. Mastering these techniques is fundamental in technical drawing and
design.
Upon completion, will have:
 Accurately drawn front and top views of a rectangular prism, pyramid, cylinder, and
cone.
 Applied appropriate dimensions to each view, adhering to standard drafting conventions.
 Enhanced proficiency in using AutoCAD for creating orthographic projections and
dimensioning.

Result:
Thus, the front view and top view of simple solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, etc, and
dimensioning created by using standard CAD software.

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Exp. No. 6 Drawing front view, top view and side view of objects
Date:

Aim: To develop the skills necessary to interpret pictorial views and accurately construct the
corresponding front, top, and side orthographic projections using AutoCAD.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Configure the drawing units by typing UNITS and pressing Enter. Select the
appropriate unit type (e.g., millimeters, inches) and precision.
o Set the drawing limits using the LIMITS command to define your working area.
o Activate 'Ortho Mode' by pressing F8 to restrict cursor movement to horizontal
and vertical directions, facilitating the creation of orthographic projections.
3. Analyze the Pictorial View:
o Examine the given pictorial view to understand the object's geometry, including
its dimensions, shapes, and features.
o Identify the principal views: front, top, and side (typically the right side).
4. Establish Projection Layout:
o On your drawing space, plan the arrangement of the three views.
o Ensure that the views are aligned correctly:
 The top view should be directly above the front view.
 The side view should be directly to the right of the front view.
5. Construct the Front View:
o Begin by drawing the front view, as it often contains the most detail.
o Use the LINE, CIRCLE, ARC, and other relevant commands to represent the
object's features as seen from the front.
o Pay attention to visible and hidden lines, using appropriate line types (e.g., dashed
lines for hidden edges).
6. Project to the Top View:

17
 o From the front view, project lines vertically upward to aid in constructing the top
view.
o Draw the top view, reflecting the object's features as seen from above.
o Ensure that features align vertically with the front view projections.
7. Project to the Side View:
o From the front view, project lines horizontally to the right to assist in constructing
the side view.
o Draw the side view, depicting the object's features as seen from the side.
o Ensure that features align horizontally with the front view projections.
8. Dimensioning:
o Use the DIMLINEAR, DIMDIAMETER, and DIMRADIUS commands to add
dimensions to your views.
o Place dimensions clearly, avoiding clutter, and adhering to standard drafting
practices.
9. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review all views for accuracy and completeness.
o Apply appropriate line weights and types to distinguish between visible and
hidden edges.
o Ensure that all views are properly aligned and scaled.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise focuses on developing the ability to interpret a three-dimensional
pictorial view and translate it into accurate two-dimensional orthographic projections.
Orthographic projection is a method of representing a 3D object in 2D, where multiple views
(front, top, and side) are drawn to convey all necessary information about the object's geometry.
Mastering this skill is fundamental in technical drawing and design, as it enables clear and
precise communication of complex shapes and structures.
Upon completion, will have:
 Accurately drawn front, top, and side views of the given object based on its pictorial
representation.
 Applied appropriate dimensioning to each view, following standard drafting conventions.

18
  Enhanced proficiency in using AutoCAD for creating orthographic projections from
pictorial views.


Result:
Thus, the front view, top view and side view of objects from the given pictorial views are created
by using standard CAD software.

19
Exp. No. 7 Drawing of a plan for car parking (for car manufacturing company)
Date:

Aim: To develop a comprehensive parking lot design tailored for a car manufacturing facility,
ensuring optimal space utilization, traffic flow, safety, and compliance with industry standards
using AutoCAD.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Configure the drawing units by typing UNITS and pressing Enter. Select the
appropriate unit type (e.g., meters, feet) and precision.
o Set the drawing limits using the LIMITS command to define your working area
based on the site's dimensions.
o Activate 'Ortho Mode' by pressing F8 to restrict cursor movement to horizontal
and vertical directions, facilitating precise drawing.
3. Define the Site Layout:
o Obtain and reference the site plan of the manufacturing facility to understand the
available space and existing structures.
o Outline the boundaries of the parking area using the LINE or POLYLINE
commands.
4. Design Parking Stalls:
o Determine Stall Dimensions:
 Standard parking stall dimensions typically range from 2.5 to 2.75 meters
in width and 5 to 6 meters in length. Adjust these dimensions based on
local regulations and vehicle types.
o Layout Configuration:
 For maximum space efficiency, consider arranging parking spaces at a 90-
degree angle to the aisles. This configuration allows for two-way traffic
and optimal space utilization.
 Use the RECTANGLE command to draw individual parking stalls.

20
  Align stalls in rows, ensuring adequate aisle widths between them.
5. Design Traffic Flow:
o Aisle Widths:
 Ensure aisles are wide enough to accommodate vehicle movement. For
two-way traffic, a width of approximately 6 to 7.5 meters is
recommended.
o Directional Signage:
 Incorporate directional arrows and signage to guide traffic flow. Use the
MTEXT or TEXT commands to add labels and the PLINE command to
draw arrows.
6. Incorporate Accessibility Features:
o Accessible Parking Spaces:
 Designate accessible parking spaces near building entrances, complying
with local regulations regarding their dimensions and markings.
o Access Aisles:
 Include access aisles adjacent to accessible parking spaces, ensuring they
are part of an accessible route to the building entrance.
7. Add Landscaping and Safety Features:
o Landscaping:
 Incorporate landscaped islands or buffers to enhance aesthetics and
provide pedestrian safety.
o Lighting:
 Plan for adequate lighting to ensure visibility and safety during low-light
conditions.
8. Review and Finalize the Design:
o Compliance Check:
 Ensure the design adheres to local building codes, zoning laws, and
industry standards.
o Simulation:
 Consider using parking lot design software or AutoCAD plugins to
simulate traffic flow and identify potential issues.

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 o Documentation:
 Annotate the drawing with necessary details, including dimensions, labels,
and notes.
 Save the final drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise involves creating a detailed parking lot plan for a car manufacturing
company using AutoCAD. The design process encompasses defining the site layout, configuring
parking stalls, planning traffic flow, incorporating accessibility features, and ensuring
compliance with relevant standards. Attention to detail in each step ensures the creation of a
functional, safe, and efficient parking facility.
Upon completion, will have:
 Developed a comprehensive parking lot design tailored to the needs of a car
manufacturing facility.
 Ensured optimal space utilization, efficient traffic flow, and adherence to safety and
accessibility standards.
 Enhanced proficiency in using AutoCAD for complex site planning and design tasks.

Result:
Thus, the plan for car parking (for car manufacturing company) is created by using standard
CAD software.

22
Exp. No. 8 Drawing sectional views of prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone
Date:

Aim: To develop proficiency in creating sectional views of various solids—specifically prisms,

pyramids, cylinders, and cones—using AutoCAD, thereby enhancing the understanding of
internal features and improving technical drawing skills.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Configure the drawing units by typing UNITS and pressing Enter. Select the
appropriate unit type (e.g., millimeters) and precision.
o Set the drawing limits using the LIMITS command to define your working area.
o Activate 'Ortho Mode' by pressing F8 to restrict cursor movement to horizontal
and vertical directions, facilitating precise drawing.
3. Choose the Solid to Draw:
o Decide on the solid (prism, pyramid, cylinder, or cone) for which you will create
the sectional view.
4. Draw the Solid:
o Prism:
 Use the POLYGON command to create the base shape (e.g., hexagon for a
hexagonal prism).
 Use the EXTRUDE command to extend the base to the desired height,
forming the 3D prism.
o Pyramid:
 Draw the base using the POLYGON command.
 Use the POLYLINE command to draw lines from the base vertices to a
common apex point above the base, forming the pyramid.
o Cylinder:
 Use the CIRCLE command to draw the base circle.

23
  Use the EXTRUDE command to extend the circle to the desired height,
forming the cylinder.
o Cone:
 Draw the base circle using the CIRCLE command.
 Use the POLYLINE command to draw lines from the base perimeter to a
common apex point above the base, forming the cone.
5. Define the Cutting Plane:
o Decide the orientation and position of the cutting plane (e.g., horizontal, vertical,
or inclined) that will intersect the solid.
o Use the SECTIONPLANE command to create the cutting plane through the solid
at the desired location.
6. Generate the Sectional View:
o Use the SECTION command to create a 2D representation of the intersection
between the solid and the cutting plane.
o Ensure that the sectional view accurately represents the internal features exposed
by the cut.
7. Apply Hatching:
o Use the HATCH command to apply appropriate hatching patterns to the cut
surfaces in the sectional view, indicating the material and distinguishing the
sectioned areas.
8. Dimensioning:
o Use the DIMLINEAR, DIMDIAMETER, and DIMRADIUS commands to add
dimensions to your sectional view.
o Place dimensions clearly, avoiding clutter, and adhering to standard drafting
practices.
9. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review the sectional view for accuracy and completeness.
o Ensure that all lines are properly defined, and hatching is applied consistently.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise focuses on creating sectional views of various solids to reveal their
internal features. Sectional views are essential in technical drawings as they provide a clear

24
understanding of the interior construction of objects, which is crucial for manufacturing and
analysis. By using AutoCAD's 3D modeling and sectioning tools, you can accurately represent
these internal features, enhancing the clarity and utility of your technical drawings.
Upon completion, will have:
 Accurately drawn sectional views of the selected solid (prism, pyramid, cylinder, or
cone) using AutoCAD.
 Applied appropriate hatching to the sectioned areas to indicate material and distinguish
cut surfaces.
 Enhanced your proficiency in using AutoCAD for creating sectional views, a vital skill in
technical drawing and design.

Result:
Thus, the sectional views of prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone are created by using standard CAD
software.

25
Exp. No. 9 Drawing isometric projection of simple objects
Date:

Aim: To develop proficiency in creating isometric projections of simple objects using

AutoCAD, enabling the visualization of three-dimensional structures in a two-dimensional
format.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Activate Isometric Drafting Mode:
 Type ISODRAFT in the command line and press Enter.
 Choose the desired isoplane (Left, Top, or Right) by typing L, T, or R
respectively, and pressing Enter.
 Alternatively, click on the 'Isometric Drafting' button in the status bar to
toggle isometric mode.
o Configure Units and Grid:
 Type UNITS in the command line and set the desired unit type and
precision.
 Adjust the grid settings to suit your drawing preferences.
3. Drawing Isometric Shapes:
o Lines:
 Ensure 'Ortho Mode' is activated by pressing F8.
 Use the LINE command to draw lines along the isometric axes, which are
typically set at 30-degree angles from the horizontal.
o Circles (Isocircles):
 To draw circles in isometric view, use the ELLIPSE command.
 Type ELLIPSE in the command line, press Enter, then type I for Isocircle,
and press Enter again.
 Specify the center and radius of the isocircle.
o Arcs:

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  Draw a full isocircle as described above.
 Use the TRIM command to remove the unwanted portions, leaving the
desired arc.
4. Constructing Simple Objects:
o Isometric Cube:
 Select the appropriate isoplane (Left, Top, or Right) using the ISOPLANE
command or by pressing F5 to cycle through options.
 Use the LINE command to draw the edges of the cube along the isometric
axes.
 Ensure all lines are of equal length to maintain uniformity.
o Isometric Cylinder:
 Draw an isocircle to represent the base of the cylinder.
 Use the LINE command to draw vertical lines (aligned with the isometric
axes) from the edges of the base to the desired height.
 Draw another isocircle at the top to represent the upper face of the
cylinder.
5. Dimensioning:
o Use the DIM command to add dimensions to your isometric drawing.
o Ensure dimensions are aligned with the isometric axes for consistency.
6. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review the drawing for accuracy and completeness.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise involves creating isometric projections of simple objects such as
cubes and cylinders using AutoCAD. Isometric projections allow for the representation of three-
dimensional objects in two dimensions, providing a clear view of the object's structure without
distortion. By utilizing AutoCAD's isometric drafting features, you can accurately depict these
objects, enhancing your technical drawing skills.
Upon completion, will have:
 Created accurate isometric projections of simple objects using AutoCAD.
 Applied appropriate dimensioning techniques to isometric drawings.

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  Enhanced your understanding of representing three-dimensional objects in two
dimensions.

Result:
Thus, the isometric projection of simple objects is created by using standard CAD software.

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 Exp. No. 10 Creation of 3-D models of simple objects and obtaining 2-D multi-view
drawings from 3-D model
Date:

Aim: To develop proficiency in modeling simple 3D objects and extracting accurate 2D multi-
view drawings from these models using AutoCAD.
Procedure:
1. Launch AutoCAD:
o Open the AutoCAD application on your computer.
2. Set Up the Drawing Environment:
o Switch to 3D Modeling Workspace:
 Click on the workspace switching icon (gear symbol) at the bottom-right
corner of the AutoCAD window.
 Select '3D Modeling' to access 3D tools and commands.
o Configure Units:
 Type UNITS in the command line and press Enter.
 Set the desired unit type (e.g., millimeters) and precision.
3. Create a 3D Model:
o Drawing the Base Shape:
 Use 2D drawing commands to create the base profile of your object. For
example, use the RECTANGLE command to draw a square or rectangle.
o Extruding to 3D:
 Select the 2D profile.
 Type EXTRUDE in the command line and press Enter.
 Specify the extrusion height to convert the 2D shape into a 3D object.
o Creating Cylindrical Shapes:
 Use the CIRCLE command to draw a circle representing the base of the
cylinder.
 Select the circle, type EXTRUDE, and specify the height to create a
cylinder.
4. Viewing the 3D Model:

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 o Orbiting:
 Hold down the Shift key and press the middle mouse button to freely orbit
around the model.
o Preset Views:
 Use the ViewCube located at the top-right corner of the drawing area to
switch between standard views (e.g., top, front, isometric).
5. Generating 2D Multi-View Drawings:
o Switch to Paper Space:
 At the bottom of the AutoCAD window, click on a layout tab (e.g.,
'Layout1') to enter paper space.
o Creating Viewports:
 Type MVIEW in the command line and press Enter.
 Click and drag to create a viewport.
o Assigning Views to Viewports:
 Click inside a viewport to activate it.
 Type VIEW in the command line and press Enter.
 In the View Manager, create a new view, name it (e.g., 'Front View'), and
set the desired orientation.
 Repeat the process to create additional views (e.g., top, side).
o Aligning Viewports:
 Ensure that the viewports are aligned correctly to represent the standard
multi-view drawing layout.
6. Dimensioning:
o Use dimensioning tools (DIMLINEAR, DIMDIAMETER, etc.) to add
measurements to your 2D views.
o Ensure dimensions are clear and conform to standard drafting practices.
7. Finalizing the Drawing:
o Review the 2D multi-view drawings for accuracy and completeness.
o Save the drawing with an appropriate filename for future reference.
Description: This exercise involves creating simple 3D models in AutoCAD and generating
corresponding 2D multi-view drawings. By modeling objects in 3D, you can easily extract

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accurate 2D representations, ensuring consistency across different views. This approach
enhances understanding of spatial relationships and improves drafting efficiency.
Upon completion, will have:
 Created a 3D model of a simple object using AutoCAD.
 Generated accurate 2D multi-view drawings (e.g., front, top, side) from the 3D model.
 Applied appropriate dimensioning to the 2D views.
Result:
Thus, the 3-D models of simple objects and obtaining 2-D multi-view drawings from 3-D model
are created by using standard CAD software.

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