Civil Engineering Drawing

Intermediate Drawing and Modifying

Programme:
-Bachelor of Civil Engineering Technology (Building)
-Bachelor of Technology in Building Construction
Subject Code:
-BCA1023
Introduction to AutoCAD
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you will be able to :
i. Use intermediate drawing entities
ii. Do hatching
iii. Create text command
iv. Use intermediate modifying entities
v. Use block and insert
Create a circle with tangent
i. Start a new drawing
ii. Using the line command, create line segment in he
drawing area
iii. In the draw menu, select the circle command and
then the tan, tan, radius option from the cascading
menu
iv. Now select the 2 lines and enter radius value. The
selection of the line should be approximately where
you want the circle to be tangent.
Creating Arcs with start, end, radius
i. Start a new drawing
ii. Draw 2 lines segments at any given angle to each other
iii. In the draw menu, select the ARC command and then
the start, end, radius option from the cascading menu.
iv. Select an end point of the first line as the start point
v. Select the closest end point of the 2nd entity to
established the end point of the arc
vi. Drag the mouse to establish the radius
Creating a rectangle with fillet function
i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu access the rectangle command
iii. Type an F to set the fillet radius for the corners of the rectangle
iv. Enter any value of the radius and press enter
v. Pick a point in the drawing area for one corner of the rectangle
vi. Move the mouse and see the temporary view of the rectangle as
the mouse is moved
vii. Pick a second point for the rectangle which will be diagonally
across the rectangle from the first point
Hatching
 The hatch command fills an enclosed area with a vector based pattern of lines,
circular shapes or a solid fill color with gradient
 The form of hatching includes selection of hatch pattern, selection of
boundary area and the scale and/or rotation of the hatch pattern in the hatch
area
 Pattern come from one of three sources which are user defined, predefined and
custom
 User defined pattern allows you to choose any pattern and its configuration (i.e
angle and spacing between lines in the pattern
 Predefined pattern come in several categories. These include definition
of lines, circle and arcs that are created through computer code to
repeat the pattern until the designated close area are filled.
• Custom pattern are defined by the user. These are often
created in computer language such as visual basic or
AutoLISP.
Create and hatch item
i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the drawing menu, place a rectangle and a circle
in the drawing area so that the entities are intersect
iii. From the draw menu, access the hatch command and
place a different hatch pattern in each enclosed area
Text Command
Creating Text
• 2 methods of creating text in AutoCAD
• 1st method is referred to single line text
• 2nd method is referred to multiline text
• To execute this command simply type text or dtext
• Text style is used to establish the link to numerous type
fonts, special codes, letter width and other special item
• Text style in the format menu is the command to create,
view and modify these items.
Placing Text in the Drawing
i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu, access the text command and
choose single line text from the cascading menu
iii. Pick a location for the text with the mouse and enter
.5 for the text height and accept 0 for angle by
pressing enter
iv. Type in your name and address on 3 or 4 lines
v. Press enter twice to complete the command
Creating Multiline Text
 Multiline manipulates all the line of text entered as a single object
 It also allow you to select any characters within the sequence for unique
format changes
Creating Multiline Text
i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu, access the text command and
choose multiline text from the cascading menu
iii. Pick two point on the screen to represent the width
of the text in your drawing
iv. Enter your name and address using 3 or 4 lines for
the information
v. Pick ok to complete the command
Intermediate Modify Command
The intermediate Modify Command consist of:
i. Offset
ii. Mirror
iii. Fillet
iv. Chamfer
v. Arrays
vi. Trim
vii. Extend
viii. Break
1. Offset
Produces a copy of the object selected (source object) a specified distance away
through a selected point

Create offset objects

i. create a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu, place a line and a circle in the drawing
iii. From the modify menu pick the offset command
iv. Enter 0.5 for the offset distance and press enter
v. Pick the line as the offset object
vi. Pick a location above the location for placement of the offset object
vii. Pick the circle as the offset object
viii. Pick the location outside the circle for placement of the offset object
ix. Press enter to stop command
2. Mirror
The mirror command flips a series of selected objects in a symmetrical fashion over a defined
mirror.

Create mirror objects

i. Create a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu, place 3 lines in the drawing
iii. From the modify menu pick the mirror command
iv. Select 2 of the lines as the objects to be mirrored and press enter to end the selection
process
v. For the 1st point use an ENDpoint object snap to select one end of the line not chosen above
vi. Move the mouse to the other end of this line and watch the rubber banding of the
mirrored object
vii. For the 2nd point use an ENDpoint object snap on the other end of the line not chosen
viii. Answer no to the question regarding the erasing the object
3) Fillet
Fillet command creates an arc that is tangent to the other entities at
specified radius

Creating a fillet on 2 objects

i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu place 2 lines in the drawing that are roughly
perpendicular
iii. From the modify menu pick the fillet command
iv. Type R and press enter to set the radius at 0.5
v. Select each of the lines at the end to be modified.
vi. After picking the second object the fillet is created
4) Chamfer
The chamfer command creates an angled line that connects 2 other
object

Creating a chamfer
i. Start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu place 2 lines in the drawing that are roughly
perpendicular
iii. From the modify menu pick the chamfer command
iv. Type a D and enter the distance to e o.75
v. Select each of the lines a the end to be modified. After picking the
second object the chamfer will be created
5) Arrays
An array creates a copy of the selected object in a pattern format. 2 types of arrays,
rectangular and polar.

Creating a rectangular array

i. start a new drawing
ii. From the draw menu pick the rectangle command and create a rectangle command
and create a rectangle with diagonal coordinates of 0,0 and 2,1
iii. From the modify menu access the array command
iv. Verify the top button is set to rectangular option
v. Set the following parameters in the dialog box
rows: 5
column: 4
row offset: 2
column offset: 3
In the upper right area of the dialog box, pick the select objects icon and choose the
rectangle in the drawing
With the left mouse button, pick the preview option from the lower right command area
If the array looks correct, pick accept from the option provided
6) Trim
Use other pieces of geometry to act as a cutting edge or
knife when you are removing only a portion of an object

7) Extend
Extend uses other pieces of geometry to act as a boundary
edge when extending a portion of an object.

8) Break
Break remove a portion of an existing object.
Block and Insert
Fundamentals of Making Blocks
 Block is a series of objects that is saved under a unique
name in a drawing
 The block definition consist of the objects and their
relationship at the time the object are selected for the
subset
 When the block is created the individual objects combine
into one new object which result in smaller and more
efficient object than the entities were individually
 Block by merging many into one reduce the size of a set of
object by one third to one half
 During the definition of block, you need to define a
control or base point which is used as the insert point
when the block definition is located in a drawing file
 Typically a block definition will create and represent a
symbol, detail or group that will be used again in the
current drawing or in another drawing
 By using the block definition you are placing the same
series of object through the same control point every
time the block definition is inserted
Creating a Block
i. Start Autocad 2009
ii. Make layer 0 as current
iii. Choose empty space and draw the following shape
Using block command, create a block using following
information:
a) Block name= door
b) specify the designated base point
c) Delete the shape after the creation of the block
 d) block unit= mm
e) scale uniformly = off, allow exploding on
f) Description = door to be used inside the
building. Refer the door table.
g) Open in lock editor= off
Save the file and close it.
Inserting Blocks
 Once you create a block, you can use it in your drawing
as many time as you wish.
 When inserting a block into your drawing, consider
the following guidelines:
 Set the desire layer to be current
 Prepare the drawing to accommodate the block (e.g
finish the door opening before inserting the door block)
 Issues the command.
 Make sure you are in the home tab on the ribbon and
using the block panel, select insert button.
The following dialog box will appear:
Select the name of the desired block from the list
Specify the insertion point by specify on screen checkbox.
By doing so, you will specify the insertion point using the
mouse.
Specify the scale of the block by clicking the specify on
screen checkbox.
Specify the rotation of the block by clicking the specify on
screen checkbox
Click ok to end the command
Using the scale of the block you can use the negative values
to insert mirror images of your block.