Design of 3-Phase Transformer
Design of Electrical Machine(2EE702)
Dr. Mahesh Patel
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Technology, Nirma University
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Output Equation of Transformer
• Output Equation of Single Phase Transformer
𝑄 = 2.22 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 . 𝐴𝑤 . 𝐾𝑤 . 𝛿 ∗ 10−3 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• Output Equation of Three Phase Transformer
𝑄 = 3.33 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 . 𝐴𝑤 . 𝐾𝑤 . 𝛿 ∗ 10−3 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• Output Equation in terms of emf per turn
𝐸𝑡 = 𝐾 𝑄
𝜙𝑚
Where 𝐾 = 4.44 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ 103 and 𝑟 =
𝐴𝑇
2
Optimal Design
• Transformer may be designed to make one of the following quantity
as minimum
• Total volume
• Total weight
• Total cost
• Total loss
𝜙𝑚
• All these quantities vary with ratio 𝑟 = .
𝐴𝑇
• It higher value of 𝑟 is chosen then the flux will be high, so large
cross section is required which will increase the volume, weight and
cost of iron and also gives higher iron losses.
• Also due to increase in value of 𝐴𝑇, the volume, weight and cost of
copper decreases and also decrease in copper losses.
• Thus 𝑟 is the a controlling factor for above mentioned quantities.
3
Various Transformers with Value K
4
Core Design
• Square Core
• Gross area of the core =𝐴𝑔𝑖 = 𝑎2 = 0.71𝑑 2
= 0.5𝑑 2
• Net iron area 𝐴𝑖 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ∗ 𝐴𝑔𝑖
𝐴𝑖 = 0.9 ∗ 0.5𝑑2
𝐴𝑖 = 0.45𝑑2
5
Core Design
• Square Core
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑔𝑖 0.5𝑑 2
• = 𝜋 = 0.64
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑 ( 4 𝑑2 )
𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑖 0.45𝑑 2
• = 𝜋 = 0.58
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑 ( 𝑑2 )
4
6
Core Design
Two Stepped core
𝐴𝑔𝑖 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2
𝑎 = 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝐴𝑔𝑖 = 𝑑 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 − sin2 𝜃)
𝐴𝑔𝑖 = 0.618 𝑑 2
𝐴𝑖 = 0.56 𝑑 2
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑔𝑖 0.618𝑑 2
= 𝜋 = 0.79
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑 2
(4 𝑑 )
𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑖 0.56𝑑 2
= = 0.71
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑑 (𝜋 𝑑 2 )
4
7
Core Design
8
Overall Dimensions – Single Phase
Transformer
𝑎 = Width of largest stampings
𝑑 = Diameter of circumscribing circle
𝐷 = Distance between centers of
adjacent limbs
𝑊𝑤 = Width of window
𝐻𝑤 = Height of window
𝐻𝑦 = Hight of yoke
𝐻 = Overall height of the transformer
over yokes or
Overall height of the frame
9
Overall Dimensions – Single Phase
Transformer
• 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤 + 2𝐻𝑦
• 𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑊𝑤
• 𝑊 =𝐷+𝑎
10
Overall Dimensions – Three Phase
Transformer
• 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤 + 2𝐻𝑦
• 𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑊𝑤
• 𝑊 = 2𝐷 + 𝑎
11
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 01:
• Calculate voltage per turn using the formulae
𝐸𝑡 = 𝐾 𝑄 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝜙𝑚
Where, 𝐾 = 4.44 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ 103 and 𝑟 =
𝐴𝑇
12
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 02:
• Find the net cross sectional area of the core 𝐴𝑖 from the
equation.
𝐸𝑡 = 4.44 ∗ 𝑓 . 𝜙𝑚 = 4.44 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖
𝐸𝑡
𝐴𝑖 = m2
4.44 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚
13
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 03:
• Determine the diameter of the circumscribing circle using
the formula
𝐴𝑖 = 𝑘𝑐 . 𝑑 2
𝐴𝑖
𝑑=
𝑘𝑐
14
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 04:
• Find the width of the window 𝑊𝑤 from the equation
𝑊𝑤 = 𝐷 − 𝑑
15
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 05:
• Calculate the window area from the following equations
• Single Phase Transformer
𝑄 = 2.22 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 . 𝐴𝑤 . 𝐾𝑤 . 𝛿 ∗ 10−3 𝑘𝑉𝐴
𝑄
𝐴𝑤 = 𝑚2
2.22∗𝑓.𝐵𝑚 .𝐴𝑖 .𝐾𝑤 .𝛿∗10−3
• Three Phase Transformer
𝑄 = 3.33 ∗ 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 . 𝐴𝑤 . 𝐾𝑤 . 𝛿 ∗ 10−3 𝑘𝑉𝐴
𝑄
𝐴𝑤 = 𝑚2
3.33∗𝑓.𝐵𝑚 .𝐴𝑖 .𝐾𝑤 .𝛿∗10−3
16
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window and
Yoke:
• Step 06:
• Find the height of the window 𝐻𝑤 as
𝐴𝑤
𝐻𝑤 =
𝑊𝑤
• If 𝑑 is not given, first 𝐴𝑤 is calculated using step 5 instead of step 4,
then the ratio concept is used.
𝐴𝑊 = 𝐻𝑤 . 𝑊𝑤
𝐻𝑊
= 2 𝑡𝑜 4
𝑊𝑤
17
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 07:
• Obtain the depth and height of the yoke for stepped core using
formula
𝐷𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑦 = 𝑎
Where 𝑎 is the width of the largest stampings
18
Simplified Steps for Transformer Design
• Steps of determination of Main Dimensions for Core, Window
and Yoke:
• Step 08:
• Obtain the overall height and length of the frame using the
following formulas
• For single phase core type transformer
𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤 + 2𝐻𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊 = 𝐷 + 𝑎
• For three phase core type transformer
𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤 + 2𝐻𝑦 and 𝑊 = 2𝐷 + 𝑎
19
Choice of Flux Density
• The value of flux density in the core determines the core area.
• High value of flux density give smaller core area, so saving in
iron cost. Also small core area provides reduced mean turn of
winding which gives reduction in copper cost.
• But higher flux density increase iron losses resulting high
temperature rise.
• The value of flux density also depends upon the service
conditions of transformer. A distribution transformer design
with low value of flux density to keep down the iron losses and
increase in all day efficiency.
20
• The values of maximum flux density for transformers
• For hot rolled silicon steel
• Distribution Transformer = 1.1 𝑡𝑜 1.35 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
• Power transformer = 1.25 𝑡𝑜 1.45 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
• For cold rolled grain oriented steel (CRGO core)
• For transformer upto132 kV = 1.55 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
• For 275 kV = 1.6 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
• For 400 kV& Generator transformer = 1.7 𝑡𝑜 1.75 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
21
Choice of Windows Space Factor
• For transformers of about 20 kVA rating,
8
𝐾𝑤 =
30 + 𝑘𝑉
• For transformers of about 50 to 200 kVA rating
10
𝐾𝑤 =
30 + 𝑘𝑉
• For transformers of about 1000 kVA rating,
12
𝐾𝑤 =
30 + 𝑘𝑉
22
Choice of Current Density
• For distribution, small & medium power transformers self oil
cooled type up to 50 kVA,
𝛿 = 1.1 𝑡𝑜 2.3 𝐴/𝑚𝑚2
• For large power transformers, self oil cooled type or air blast
type
𝛿 = 2.2 𝑡𝑜 3.2 𝐴/𝑚𝑚2
• For large power transformers with forced circulation of oil or
with water cooling coils,
𝛿 = 5.4 𝑡𝑜 6.2 𝐴/𝑚𝑚2
23
Shell Type Transformer
• 𝐻𝑦 = 𝑎
• 𝐷𝑦 = 𝑏
• 𝑊 = 2𝑊𝑤 + 4𝑎
• 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑤 + 2𝑎
24
Types of Windings
25
Transformer Windings
26
Helical Windings or Spiral Windings
• Helical windings are known as spiral windings which are used
for low voltage & high capacity-based transformers, where the
flow of current is higher & the turns of winding are smaller.
• The transformer output changes from 160 to 1000 kilovolt-
ampere.
• For protecting sufficient mechanical power, the cross-sectional
area of the strip is not made less than 75 mm to 100 mm
square.
• The maximum number of strips that are used to make up the
conductor in parallel is 16. These windings are available in
three types like single helical, double helical, and Disc-helical.
27
Helical Windings or Spiral Windings
28
Helical Winding
• The winding which is in an axial direction along a screw line
through inclination is called Single Helical Windings. These
windings include simply one layer of turns in every winding.
• The double-helical type winding reduces the eddy current loss
within conductors. So because of the reduced number of
parallel conductors, these are used in a radial direction.
• The disc-helical winding is designed in such a way that the
strips are connected side to side within a radial way to occupy
the entire radial strength of the winding.
29
Multi-Layer Helical Windings
• These windings are mainly used for high voltage rating-based
transformers like 110 kV & above.
• These types of windings comprise numerous cylindrical layers
which are wounded & connected in series.
30
Cylindrical Windings
• These windings with rectangular conductors are used for a
voltage up to 500V & their current rating ranges from 10–600
A.
• These windings are frequently used in multi-layer forms.
• These types of windings using circular type conductors are
used for a current rating up to 80A. The maximum diameter
used for the bare conductor is 4 mm.
31
Cross over Windings
• Cross-over windings are used in small transformers.
• These windings are separated into several coils to decrease
the voltage among layers where these coils are divided axially
through 0.5 to 1 mm of distance. The voltages between
contiguous coils should not be above 800 – 1000 V.
32
Cross Over Windings
• The actual axial length of every coil is approximately 50 mm
whereas the spacing in two coils is 6 mm to hold insulating
material blocks.
• The coil’s width ranges from 25mm to 50 mm. The strength of
these windings is high as compared to cylindrical type
windings in normal conditions.
33
Disc & Continuous Disc Winding
• This type of winding is normally used in high capacity-based
transformers where these windings include several discs or
flat coils in a series or parallel configuration.
• The formation of these coils can be done using rectangular
strips which are spirally wounded within a radial direction.
• The conductors in these types of windings are single or
multiple strips within a parallel configuration that is wound on
the level side.
34
Disc & Continuous Disc Winding
• The discs in these windings are divided from each other with
pressboard sectors where these sectors are connected to
vertical stripes.
• Here, the area of the conductor ranges from 4 to 50 mm
square & the current ranges from 12 to 600 A. The least width
of the transformer oil duct is 6 mm mainly for 35 kV. The main
benefit of these types of windings is that they provide
maximum mechanical axial strength.
35
Aluminum Windings
• Aluminum windings are the most predominant choice to use in
different transformers in dry place and low voltage rating.
• In most areas all over the world, the copper winding is the
main winding material but the main reason to choose this
aluminum winding is its initial cost is low.
• Aluminum winding is more flexible as compared to copper so
making it very easy.
• The maximum resistivity of aluminum provides inherently
fewer eddy losses within the windings.
• Aluminum wound coils are bigger as compared to copper
coils.
36
No Load Current
• The no load current 𝐼0 consist of two components
• Magnetizing current 𝐼𝑚
• Loss component 𝐼𝑙
• The estimation of no load current 𝐼0 requires the
calculation of tis two components.
37
No Load Current of Single Phase
Transformer
Let,
• 𝑙𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑦 = length of flux path through core and yoke
• 𝑎𝑡𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡𝑦 = mmf/metre for flux densities in core and yoke
• Total magnetizing mmf
𝐴𝑇0 = 2𝑎𝑡𝑐 . 𝑙𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑡𝑦 . 𝑙𝑦 + 𝑚𝑚𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
38
No Load Current of Single Phase
Transformer
• The vales of 𝑎𝑡𝑐 and 𝑎𝑡𝑦 are taken from B-H curves for
transformer steel.
• The joints in a magnetic circuit may be taken as short air gaps
in parallel with iron paths.
• The calculation of total mmf is based upon the maximum
value of flux density
• RMS value of magnetising current,
𝐴𝑇0
𝐼𝑚 =
2 𝑇𝑝
• But the magnetising is not sinusoidal and therefore the peak
factor 𝐾𝑝ℎ should be sued in place of 2.
𝐴𝑇0
𝐼𝑚 =
𝐾𝑝ℎ . 𝑇𝑝
39
No Load Current of Single Phase
Transformer
• Let the iron losses be 𝑃𝑖 , the loss component
𝑃𝑖
𝐼𝑙 =
𝑉𝑝
• The iron losses are calculated by finding the weight of cores
and yokes. The loss per kg is taken from relevant curves.
40
No Load Current of Three Phase
Transformer
• Total magnetizing mmf required for the transformers
𝐴𝑇0 = 3𝑎𝑡𝑐 . 𝑙𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑡𝑦 . 𝑙𝑦 + 𝑚𝑚𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
• Total magnetizing mmf required per phase
3𝑎𝑡𝑐 . 𝑙𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑡𝑦 . 𝑙𝑦 + 𝑚𝑚𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝑇0 =
3
• Magnetizing current per phase
𝐴𝑇0 𝐴𝑇0
𝐼𝑚 = =
2𝑇𝑝 𝐾𝑝ℎ 𝑇𝑝
41
No Load Current of Three Phase
Transformer
• Let 𝑃𝑖 be the total iron loss for the three phases
𝑃𝑖
𝐼𝑙 =
3𝑉𝑝
• It is not usual to calculate the no load current in transformers
as in a normally designed transformer, the no load current
would be below 5 percent and a considerable variation can be
made in its value without effecting the transformer
performance.
42
Magnetizing Volt-Ampere
𝐸𝑝 = 4.44. 𝑓. 𝑇𝑝 . 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖
• Magnetizing volt ampere 𝑉𝐴 𝑚 = 𝐸𝑝 . 𝐼𝑚
𝐴𝑇0
𝑉𝐴 𝑚 = 4.44. 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 .
2. 𝑇𝑝
𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑇0
𝑉𝐴 𝑚 =
2
• 𝐴𝑇0 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛
𝐴𝑇0 = 𝑎𝑡𝑚 . 𝑙𝑖
4.44𝑓𝐵𝑚 𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑚 . 𝑙𝑖
𝑉𝐴 𝑚 =
2
• 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝑖 . 𝑙𝑖 × 7.8 × 103 ,
• If the density of iron is assumed as 7.8 × 103 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
43
• Magnetizing volt-amper/kg
4.44 × 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑉𝐴 𝑚 = = 0.4 × 𝑓. 𝐵𝑚 . 𝑎𝑡𝑚
2 × 7.8 × 103
• A curve can be plotted between 𝐵𝑚 and magnetizing volt
ampere/kg from B-H curve of the material.
• Manufactures supply the magnetizing VA/kg-Bm
characteristics and from it, the magnetizing current can be
known.
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝐴/𝑘𝑔×𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
• 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑚 =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 ×𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒/𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
44
Temperature Rise in Plain Walled Tanks
• The walls of tank dissipate heat by both radiation and
convection.
• It has been found experimentally that a plain tank surface
dissipates 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6.5 𝑊/𝑚2 − 𝐶 ∘ by radiation and convection
respectively for a temperature rise of nearly 40 C above an
ambient temperature of 20 C.
• Thus the total loss dissipation is 12.5 𝑊/𝑚2 -C.
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐
• Temperature rise 𝜃 = =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 12.5 𝑆𝑡
Where 𝑆𝑡 = heat dissipating surface of tank.
45
Design of Tank with Tubes
• If the temperature rise as calculated with plain tank exceeds
the specified limits, it can be brought down by provision of
tubes.
• The provision of tubes increases the dissipating area but the
increase in dissipation of heat is not proportional to area.
• So there is no change in surface as far as dissipation of heat
due to radiation is concerned.
• An addition of about 35 percent should be made to tube area
in order to take into account this improvement in dissipation of
loss by convection.
46
Design of Tank with Tubes
• Let the dissipating surface of tank be 𝑆𝑡
• It will dissipate 6 + 6.5 𝑆𝑡 = 12.5 𝑆𝑡 𝑊/𝐶 ∘
• Let the area of tubes =𝑥. 𝑆𝑡
• Loss dissipated by tubes by convection =
1.35 × 6.5 𝑥𝑆𝑡 = 8.8 𝑥𝑆𝑡 𝑊/𝐶 ∘
• Loss dissipated by tank wall and tubes = 12.5 𝑆𝑡 + 8.8 𝑥𝑆𝑡
= 𝑆𝑡 12.5 + 8.8 𝑥 𝑊/𝐶 ∘
• Total area of tank walls and tubes = 𝑆𝑡 + 𝑥𝑆𝑡 = 𝑆𝑡 1 + 𝑥
12.5+8.8𝑥
• Loss dissipated = 𝑊/𝑚2 -C
𝑥+1
47
Design of Tank with Tubes
𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐
• Temperature rise with tubes 𝜃 =
𝑆𝑡 12.5+8.8𝑥
1 𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐
Or 𝑥 = − 12.5
8.8 𝑆𝑡 𝜃
1 𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐
• Total area of tubes = − 12.5𝑆𝑡
8.8 𝑆𝑡 𝜃
• Let 𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑡 be the length and diameter of each tube
respectively,
• Area of each tube 𝜋. 𝑙𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐
• Hence number of tubes nt = − 12.5𝑆𝑡
8.8𝜋.𝑙𝑡 .𝑑𝑡 𝑆𝑡 𝜃
48
Design of Tank with Tubes
• For three phase
• 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝑊𝑡 = 2𝐷 + 𝐷𝑒 + 2𝑏
• For single phase
• 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝑊𝑡 = 𝐷 + 𝐷𝑒 + 2𝑏
Where,
• 𝐷 = distance between adjacent limbs,
• 𝐷𝑒 = external diameter of HV winding
• 𝑏 =clearance between HV winding and tank
49
Design of Tank with Tubes
• Length of tank 𝐿𝑡 = 𝐷𝑒 + 2. 𝑙
Where, 𝑙 = clearance on each side
between the winding and tank along
the width
• Height of transformer tank 𝐻𝑡 = 𝐻 + ℎ
• Where 𝐻 = height of transformer frame and
• ℎ = clearance between the assembled transformer and tank.
50
Thank Q
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