KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT ON
Wind And Timber
SUBMITTED TO
Er. VIMESH POUDEL
Department of Civil Engineering
SUBMITTED BY
Ankit Yadav (CRN-59)
Date of submission: 5/15/2020
Table of Contents
Wind............................................................................................................................................................3
Q1)...........................................................................................................................................................3
Q3)...........................................................................................................................................................9
Q2).........................................................................................................................................................14
Timber.......................................................................................................................................................19
Q4..........................................................................................................................................................19
Design of Beam..................................................................................................................................20
Design of Column...............................................................................................................................24
Wind
Q1) Find the design wind pressure on a sloping roof of the health post building shown in figure
1. Take basic wind velocity as follows for roll no 1 Vb= 5m/s, for roll no 2 Vb = 15m/s, for roll
no 3 Vb= 25m/s and so on.
Figure 1 Topography Plan and Elevation
Solution:
Basic wind speed, Vb = 585 m/s (as per the qst my roll no is 59)
∴ Design wind speed,
VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
Where, the coefficients K1, K2, K3 are calculated as per IS 875-1987 (Part 3)
Risk Coefficient, K1
Since, the building is health post building,
So, let us assume the mean probable life of structure = 100 years
For Basic wind speed of 585 m/s, which is not given in table, let us adapt highest value of all ie.
1.08
∴K1 = 1.08 (From Table 1 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3))
Terrain height and structure size factor, K2
Height of building = 7+4 = 11 m
(Since the terrain consist of closely spaced obstruction having size of structures up to 10 m, it
belongs to category 3 and the size of building is more than 20 m. hence, it belongs to class B.)
Then from Table 2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
10 ---------------0.88
11---------------?
15----------------0.94
By Interpolation,
K2 = 0.892
Topography factor, K3
From Appendix C of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
KS = 1 + C*S
Now,
800
Down slope of hill, θ = tan
−1
[ ]
600
= 53.130
Here, θ >170
∴C = 0.36
Height of feature above the base of hill = 600 m
Effective height of feature, Z = 800 m
Since, θ> 170
Z 800
∴Effective horizontal length of hill, Le = = = 2666.67 m
0.3 0.3
The distance from the summit, X = 600 – 450 = 150 m
Now,
H = 11 = 0.0041
¿ 2666.67
X 150
= = 0.05
¿ 2666.67
The factor S is calculated from figure 15 of Appendix C, for hills and ridges
By interpolation, we get
S=1
So, K3 = 1+ C*S = 1+ 0.36*1 = 1.36
∴ K3 = 1.36
Finally,
Design wind speed,
VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
= 585 * 1.08 * 0.892 * 1.36
= 766.44 m/s
∴Design wind pressure,
PZ = 0.6* VZ 2
= 0.6*(766.44) 2
= 352.46 kN/m2
Calculation of wind pressure for sloping roof
Wind pressure = (Cpe -Cpi) * PZ
Where,
Cpe = external pressure coefficient
Cpi = internal pressure coefficient
For external pressure coefficient, Cpe
Wind Normal to the ridge
From table 5 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
Height to caves, h = 7 m
Lesser horizontal dimension of building, w = 5 m
h 7
Then, = = 1.4
w 5
1 h 3
Here, < ≤
2 w 2
4
Pitch angle, α = tan
−1
[ ]
2.5
= 57.990
≈580
For the face EF and GH
Cpe
Roof angle, α Windward direction Leeward direction
450 0.2 -0.5
580 Cpe Cpe
600 0.6 -0.5
By interpolation,
Cpe (windward direction) = + 0.54
Cpe (Leeward direction) = - 0.5
For face EG and FH
Cpe
Roof angle, α Windward direction Leeward direction
450 -0.8 -0.8
580 Cpe Cpe
600 -0.8 -0.8
By interpolation,
Cpe (windward direction) = - 0.8
Cpe (Leeward direction) = - 0.8
For internal pressure Coefficient, Cpi
Area of wall of contact in direction of wind = 7*5 = 35 m2
Area of opening = 1.5*1.5(window) + 3*1(door) = 5.25 m2
Area of opening 5.25
∴ % opening = *100% = *100 = 15%
Area of wall 35
From CL 6.2.3, for building with opening between 5-20%
Internal pressure coefficient, Cpi = ± 0.5
For wind angle = 0°
Cpe1= + 0.54
Cpe2= - 0.5
So, the wind pressures are
P1 = (0.546 - 0.5) * 352.46 = + 16.21 kN/m2
P2 = (0.546 + 0.5) * 352.46 = 368.67 kN/m2
P3 = (-0.5 - 0.5) * 352.46 = - 352.46 kN/m2
P4 = (- 0.5 + 0.5 ) * 352.46 = 0 kN/m2
For wind angle =90°
Cpe3=-0.8
Cpe4=-0.8
So, the wind pressures are
P5 = (-0.8 + 0.5) * 352.46 = - 105.73 kN/m2
P6 = (-0.8 - 0.5) * 352.46 = - 458.19 kN/m
P7 = (-0.8 + 0.5) * 352.46 = - 105.73 kN/m2
P8 = (-0.8 - 0.5) * 352.46 = - 458.19 kN/m2
From above,
Highest Suction Pressure = 458.19 kN/m2
Highest overturning pressure = 368.67 kN/m2
Q3) Estimate the wind load across the bridge which was given for you as an assignment. Take
cross sectional area of the members as obtained from your design result. Take location as follows
for roll no 1 Agra, for roll no 2 Ahmadabad, for roll no 3 Ajmer and so on.
Solution,
Location of bridge: Patna (roll no 59)
Basic wind speed, Vb = 47 m/s
From IS 875:1987 (part3), CL5.3
Design wind speed, VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
Where, the coefficients K1, K2, K3 are calculated as per IS 875-1987 (Part 3)
Risk Coefficient, K1
let us assume the mean probable life of structure = 50 years
For Basic wind speed of 47 m/s,
∴K1 = 1.0 (From Table 1 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3))
Terrain height and structure size factor, K2
Height of building = 4m (From figure above)
(Since the terrain is open with well scattered obstruction having size of structures generally
between 1.5 m to 10 m, it belongs to category 2 and the size of building is less than 20 m. hence,
it belongs to class A.)
Then from Table 2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
For height of structure less than 10m,
∴K2 = 1.0
Topography factor, K3
Assuming the upwind slope, θ < 30
According to IS 875:1987 (Part 3), CL5.3.3.1
For upwind slope < 30,
∴K3 = 1.0
Finally,
Design wind speed,
VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
= 47*1*1*1 = 47 m/s
∴Wind Pressure, PZ = 0.6*VZ2
= 0.6*472
= 1325.4 N/m2 = 1.325 kN/ m2
For Multiple frame
Design wind force, f = Cf *Ae* PZ + Sf* Cf *Ae* PZ
= (1+Sf) * Cf *Ae* PZ
Where,
Cf = Force coefficient
Sf = Shielding factor
Ae = Effective frontal area
PZ = Design wind pressure
The analysis of truss is shown below:
MEMBER FORCES COMPRESSION/ DESIGNATION LENGTH Area of contact
(m2)
(KN) TENSION (m)
AH 271.55 C 150*150*12 5 0.75
HG 162.93 C 130*130*10 3 0.39
GF 178.12 C 130*130*10 3 0.39
FE 79.69 C 120*120*8 5 0.60
GB 25.30 C 80*80*6 5 0.40
FC 25.30 C 80*80*6 5 0.40
AB 17.44 T 60*30*5 3 0.18
BC 32.62 T 60*30*5 3 0.18
CD 47.81 T 60*30*5 3 0.18
DE 47.81 T 60*30*5 3 0.18
GC 20.24 T 60*30*5 4 0.24
HB 217.24 T 150*115*10 4 0.60
FD 0 T 60*30*5 4 0.24
Total area (top & bottom chord, diagonal, Verticals) = 4.73 m2
Let, the area of gusset plate = 5% of Total area = 0.05*4.73 = 0.236 m2
∴Effective frontal area, Ae = 4.73 + 0.236 = 4.96 m2
Computation of Force coefficient, Cf
As per IS 875-1987 (Part 3), CL6.2.2.4
Area of obstructionunder canopy , Ae
Solidity ratio, φ =
Gross area under canopy
1
Area under canopy = Area of Trapezoid = ∗4∗(6+12) = 36 m2
2
4.96
∴φ= = 0.137
36
From Table 28 of IS875:1987(Part3)
Solidity ratio Force coefficient, Cf (for flat sided member)
0.1 1.9
0.137 Cf
0.2 1.0
By interpolation,
Cf = 1.56
For multiple frame structure,
Effective solidity ratio, β = φ (For flat sided member)
∴ β = 0.137
Frame spacing ratio =
centre ¿ centre distance between two frames ¿
Least overall dimensionof frame
Let, C/C distance between two frames of bridge be 8m.
8
∴Frame spacing ratio = = 2.667
3
According to Table 29 of IS875:1987 (Part3),
Effective solidity ratio, β Frame spacing ratio
2 2.667 4
0.1 1 ? 1
0.137 ? ? ?
0.2 1 ? 1
By double interpolation,
Shielding factor, Sf = 1.0
Finally,
Force coefficient, Cf =1.56
Shielding factor, Sf =1.0
Effective frontal area, Ae = 4.96 m2
Design wind pressure, PZ = 1325.4 N/m2 = 1.325 kN/m2
∴Design wind force, f = (1+Sf) * Cf *Ae* PZ
= (1+1) * 1.56 * 4.96 * 1.325
= 20.51 kN
Q2). Find the design wind pressure for your own house following same procedure as in question
1. You should conduct all necessary linear measurement of the dimension of your house and find
its terrain location as well. You should include the Acad drawing of your house will all
measurements and showing site location similar to figure 1 with the photographs as well in the
report for the proof.
Solution,
My house is located at Biratnagar-13, Morang, Nepal which is located near the green shaded
portion of the wind map of India. So, taking
Basic wind speed, Vb = 47 m/s
∴ Design wind speed, VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
Where, the coefficients K1, K2, K3 are calculated as per IS 875-1987 (Part 3)
Design factors
Risk Coefficient, K1
Since, the building is residential building, let us assume the mean probable life of structure = 50
years
For Basic wind speed of 47 m/s,
∴K1 = 1.0 (From Table 1 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3))
Terrain height and structure size factor, K2
Height of building = 10’ = 3 m (From figure above)
(Since the terrain is open with well scattered obstruction having size of structures generally
between 1.5 m to 10 m, it belongs to category 2 and the size of building is less than 20 m. hence,
it belongs to class A.)
Then from Table 2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
For structure with height less than 10m,
∴K2 = 1.0
Topography factor, K3
From CL5.3.3.1 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
For plain terrain with upwind slope less than 30,
∴K3 = 1.0
Wind directionality factor Kd
Kd = 0.9 ( for building which are rectangle , triangle ,square) from 5.4.1 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
Area averaging factors Ka
Tributary area of short wall =3 * 13.9 = 42 m2
(after interpolating the value of Ka = 0.877) from table 4 clause 5.4.2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
Tributary area of long wall =3 * 16.56 = 49.68 m2
(after interpolating the value of Ka = 0.867) from table 4 clause 5.4.2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
Tributary area of roof = 14.5 * 17.16 = 248.82 m2
(after interpolating the value of Ka = 0.9) from table 4 clause 5.4.2 of IS 875-1987 (Part 3),
Permeability of the building:
Opening schedule
Window size = 5’ x 4’
Door size = 3’ x 7’
Window at staircase = 3’ x 6 ‘
Area of all the walls = 3 * ( 2 * 13.9 + 2* 16.56 ) = 182.76 m2
Area of all the openings = 9 * ( 5’ * 4’ )(window) + 3 * ( 3’ * 7’ ) (door) + (3’ * 6’ ) +( (12’ *
2’6”) + (12’ * 4’) + (8’ * 2’6” ) + (8’ * 4’ )) (varenda area)
= 407.00 sqft
= 36.32 m2
% opening area = (36.32/182.76) * 100 = 19.8 %
Hence the building is of medium permeabilty
Design wind speed,
VZ = Vb*K1*K2*K3
= 47 * 1 * 1 * 1
= 47 m/s
∴Design wind pressure,
PZ = 0.6* V Z 2
= 0.6 * 472
= 1325.4 N/m2 = 1.325 kN/m2
Now,
Pd = PZ * Ka * Kd
= 1.325 * 0.9 * 0.877
= 1.04 kN/m2 ( for small wall)
= 1.325 * 0.9 * 0.867
= 1.03 kN/m2 ( for long wall)
=1.325 *0.9 * 0.9
= 1.07 kN/m2 ( for roof)
As per the section 5.3 for building less than 10 m height, while making stability calculation and
designing of the framing.
Calculation of wind pressure for rectangular clad building with flat roof
Wind pressure = (Cpe -Cpi) * Pd
Where,
Cpe = external pressure coefficient
Cpi = internal pressure coefficient
For external pressure coefficient, Cpe
For wall of rectangular clad building, we see Table 4 of IS875:1987 (part3)
Height (h) = 3 m
Greater horizontal dimension of building, L = 16.56 m
Lesser horizontal dimension of building, w = 13.9 m
h 3
∴Building height ratio, = = 0.21
w 13.9
L 16.56
∴Building Plan ratio, = = 1.19
w 13.9
1 h l 3
For, ¿ and 1 ≤ ≤
2 w w 2
The values of external pressure coefficients are summarized below in the table
Building Building Cpe for surface
Height Plan
Wind Angle, θ West, East, B South, C North, D
Ratio, h/w Ratio, L/w A
0.21 1.19 00 (Perpendicular to +0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5
wall)
900(Parallel to wall) -0.5 -0.5 +0.7 -0.2
External pressure coefficient for roof, use table 6 with roof angle Oo without local coefficient .
1 h
For h/w = 0.21 (as ≥ )
2 w
Wind incidence angle
Portion of roof Oo 9Oo
E -0.8 -0.8
F -0.8 -0.4
G -0.4 -0.8
H -0.4 -0.4
For Internal Pressure Coefficient, Cpi
As % Opening = 19.8 %
Since, the % opening is less than 20% of wall area,
∴Cpi = ± 0.5
Cpnet = (Cpe - Cpi )
Cpnet for wall A or B:
= + 0.7 – (-0.5) = +1.2 ,pressure
= -0.5 - 0.5 = - 1.0 , suction
Cpnet for wall C or D:
= = + 0.7 – (-0.5) = +1.2 ,pressure
= -0.5 - 0.5 = - 1.0 , suction
Design pressure for walls
For long wall:
F = Cpnet * Anet * Pd
= +1.2 * 1 * 1 * 1.03 = 1.236 kN/m2 ( for pressure )
= -1.0 * 1 * 1 * 1.03 = -1.03 kN/m2 ( suction)
For short wall:
F = Cpnet * Anet * Pd
= +1.2 * 1 * 1 * 1.04 = 1.248 kN/m2 ( for pressure )
= - 1.0 * 1 * 1 * 1.04 = -1.04 kN/m2 ( suction)
For roof :
Design pressure coefficient for roof :
Positive internal pressure will act towards the roof while negative internal pressure will be away
from the roof. hence +ve internal pressure will be added to -ve external pressure coefficient and
vice versa
F = Cpnet * Anet * Pd
= ( -0.8 – 0.5) * 1 * 1 * 1.07 = 1.391 kN/m2 (suction)
= -0.1 * 1 * 1 * 1.07 = -0.107 kN/m2 ( pressure)
Timber
Q4. If structural members of your house are to be replaced by timber structures (Beams and
columns) what would be the proper section of beam and columns. You have to calculate the self-
weight of slab. Load due to floor finish and distribute equally to the beam and finally transfer to
column. Take live load as 2.5KN/m2
Solution,
Live load = 2.5 kN/m2
Unit weight of brick = 19 kN/m3
Thickness of slab = 6” = 0.15 m
Height of building = 3 m
Thickness of wall = 0.23 m
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Self-weight calculation:
For slab
Slab weight per unit area = 0.15*25 = 3.75 kN/m2
For parapet wall and for staircase:
Self weight = 0.23 * 19 * 0.9 = 3.93 kN/m
Floor finish = 1 kN/m2
Total Load = Dead load + live load + floor finish = 3.75 + 1 + 2.5 = 7.25 kN/m2
Factored load = 1.5 * 7.25 = 10.875 kN/m2
Load is transferred from slab to beam and load on beam are calculated
Refrence for the transfer of load has been attached below
Calculation of load on beam
beam beam parapet wall total load on length max bending max shear
no load load beam moment force
B1 10.15 3.93 14.08 2.8 13.798 19.712
B2 13.74 3.93 17.67 4.5 44.727 39.758
B3 12.45 3.93 16.38 3.6 26.536 29.484
B4 10.65 3.93 14.58 2.95 15.860 21.506
B5 21.34 21.34 2.95 23.214 31.477
B6 21.38 21.38 2.95 23.257 31.536
B7 10.69 3.93 14.62 2.95 15.904 21.565
B8 10.15 10.15 2.8 9.947 14.210
B9 28.65 28.65 4.5 72.520 64.463
B10 25.43 25.43 3.6 41.197 45.774
B11 8.02 3.93 11.95 3.375 17.015 20.166
B12 15.04 15.04 3.375 21.414 25.380
B13 19.25 19.25 3.375 27.409 32.484
B14 24.46 24.46 3.375 34.827 41.276
B15 12.23 3.93 16.16 3.375 23.009 27.270
B16 3.93 3.93 2.8 3.851 5.502
B17 18.085 18.085 4.5 45.778 40.691
B18 25.29 25.29 3.6 40.970 45.522
B19 7.2 3.93 11.13 2.875 11.500 15.999
B20 17.62 17.62 2.875 18.205 25.329
B21 10.42 3.93 14.35 2.875 14.826 20.628
B22 3.175 3.175 3.175 4.001 5.040
B23 0 1.325 0.000 0.000
B24 23.43 23.43 3.6 37.957 42.174
B25 14.14 3.93 18.07 3.9 34.356 35.237
B26 20.61 20.61 3.9 39.185 40.190
B27 15.17 15.17 2.4 10.922 18.204
B28 8.7 3.93 12.63 2.4 9.094 15.156
B29 1.325 3.93 5.255 1.325 1.153 3.481
B30 11.12 3.93 15.05 3.6 24.381 27.090
B31 15.9 3.93 19.83 4.5 50.195 44.618
B32 17.62 17.62 2.875 18.205 25.329
B33 17.62 17.62 2.875 18.205 25.329
Design of Beam
Since, the maximum bending occurs at beam B9 with value
Max bending moment (Mmax)= 72.52 kNm,
Length (L) = 4.5 m
shear force (S.F.) = 64.463 kN.
So, we design the beam corresponding to maximum bending. Let us consider rectangular cross
sectioned beam.
Effective Length, L = 4.5 m
Loading, w = 28.65 kN/m
W∗L2
Maximum bending moment, M = = 72.52 kNm
8
From CL 7.5.3 of IS883:1994,
M
Fab = ≤ fb
Z
M
Or, Zreq =
fb
72.52∗106
Or, Zreq =
fb
Let us adapt Sal timber at inside location,
∴ Permissible Bending and tension along grain, extreme fiber stress, fb = 16.9 N/mm2
92.08∗10 6
Or, Zreq =
16.9
∴Zreq = 4291124.260 mm3
For rectangular section,
I b∗d 3 b∗d 2
Zreq =
y
= [ ]
12
/ (d/2) =
6
Let assume, d = 2b
Then,
Zreq = b∗¿ ¿
2b 3
Or, Zreq =
3
2b 3
Or, 4291124.260 =
3
∴ b = 186.01 mm
Now, we have, from clause 7.5.5 of code IS 883:1994
l
(bmin)> 50 mm or whichever is greater.
50
(bmin ) > 50 mm or 90 mm
∴ b > 90 mm
Hence provide, b= 200 mm
∴ d = 2*b = 400 mm
2b 3
∴ Zactual = = 5333333.33mm3
3
Check for shear
Maximum horizontal shear < permissible shear
i.e. H< τ permissible
from table 1 code IS 883: 1994
for sal wood
permissible horizontal shear stress τ permissible = 0.94 N/mm2
from clause [Link] of code IS 883: 1994 for rectangular beam
3∗V
Horizontal shear, H =
2∗b∗d
WL 2D
Where, V= (1− )
2 L
28.65∗4.5 2∗.0 .4
V= (1− )
2 4.5
= 52.98 kN
3∗52.98∗1000
H=
2∗200∗400
∴ H = 0.99 N/mm2 (which is more than 0.94 N/mm2, hence not ok)
So, increase the width of beam
Take b = 210 mm
So, d = 420 mm
Again
WL 2D
V= ( 1− )
2 L
28.65∗4.5 2∗.0 .42
V= (1− )
2 4.5
= 52.4 kN
3∗52.4∗1000
H=
2∗210∗420
∴ H = 0.89 N/mm2 (which is less than 0.94 N/mm2, hence ok)
Check for bearing:
WL 28.65∗4.5
Bearing force = =
2 2
= 64.46 kN
bearing force
Bearing stress =
width∗supporting depth
64.46∗1000
=
210∗230
= 1.33 N/mm2
Again from table 1 code IS 883: 1994 for sal wood
Permissible bearing stress for compression perpendicular to grain and inside location
fcn = 4.6 N/mm2
Since, Bearing stress (1.42 N/mm2 < ( 4.6 N/mm2) fcn
Hence it is safe in bearing.
Check for deflection
K∗w∗L 4
δmax =
E∗I
Where,
W =28.65 kN/m
L = 4.5 m
Modulus of elasticity, E = 126.7*100 N/mm2
b∗d 3 210∗4203
I= = = 1.29 * 109 mm4
12 12
For beams supported at both ends with uniformly distributed load:
5
K=
384
On solving,
δmax = 9.3 mm
δpermissible = 1/240 of span = (1/240)*4500 = 18.75 mm
Since, δmax < δpermissible (Hence the design is ok)
Hence adapt rectangular Sal beam of depth 420 mm and width 210 mm.
Design of Column
Beam dimension = 210mm * 420mm
Let us take Sal timber with unit weight 8.0 kN/m3. We need to transfer the slab load, wall load,
floor finish and live load on beam, into column which also includes the self-weight of beam.
∴ Self-weight of beam per m run = 0.21*0.42*8.0 = 0.7056 kN/m
calculation of load on column
bea load load from self weight of sub
load on column
m length (kN) beam total(kN)
B1 2.8 19.712 1.97568 21.68768
C1
B4 2.95 21.506 2.08152 23.58752
45.2752
B1 2.8 19.712 1.97568 21.68768
C2 B2 4.5 39.758 3.1752 42.9332
B5 2.95 31.47 2.08152 33.55152
98.1724
B2 4.5 39.758 3.1752 42.9332
C3 B3 3.6 29.484 2.54016 32.02416
B6 2.95 31.53 2.08152 33.61152
108.56888
B3 3.6 29.484 2.54016 32.02416
C4
B7 2.95 21.565 2.08152 23.64652
55.67068
B4 2.95 21.506 2.08152 23.58752
C5 B8 2.8 14.21 1.97568 16.18568
B11 3.375 20.166 2.3814 22.5474
62.3206
B5 2.95 31.477 2.08152 33.55852
B8 2.8 14.21 1.97568 16.18568
C6
B9 4.5 64.463 3.1752 67.6382
B13 3.375 32.484 2.3814 34.8654
152.2478
B6 2.95 31.536 2.08152 33.61752
B9 4.5 64.463 3.1752 67.6382
C7
B10 3.6 45.774 2.54016 48.31416
B14 3.375 41.276 2.3814 43.6574
193.22728
B10 3.6 45.774 2.54016 48.31416
C8 B7 2.95 21.565 2.08152 23.64652
B15 3.375 27.27 2.3814 29.6514
101.61208
B11 3.375 20.166 2.3814 22.5474
C9
B16 2.8 5.502 1.97568 7.47768
30.02508
B16 2.8 5.502 1.97568 7.47768
B13 3.375 32.484 2.3814 34.8654
C10
B17 4.5 40.691 3.1752 43.8662
B32 2.875 25.329 2.0286 27.3576
113.56688
B14 3.375 41.276 2.3814 43.6574
C11 B17 4.5 40.691 3.1752 43.8662
B20 2.875 25.329 2.0286 27.3576
B18 3.6 45.522 2.54016 48.06216
162.94336
B18 3.6 45.522 2.54016 48.06216
C12 B15 3.375 27.27 2.3814 29.6514
B21 2.875 20.628 2.0286 22.6566
100.37016
B19 2.875 15.99 2.0286 18.0186
C13 B22 4.5 5.04 3.1752 8.2152
B25 3.9 35.237 2.75184 37.98884
64.22264
B22 4.5 5.04 3.1752 8.2152
B33 2.875 25.329 2.0286 27.3576
C14
B26 2.4 40.19 1.69344 41.88344
B23 1.325 0 0.93492 0.93492
78.39116
B23 1.325 0 0.93492 0.93492
B20 2.875 25.329 2.0286 27.3576
C15
B24 3.6 42.174 2.54016 44.71416
B27 2.4 18.204 1.69344 19.89744
92.90412
B21 2.875 14.826 2.0286 16.8546
C16 B24 3.6 42.174 2.54016 44.71416
B28 2.4 15.156 1.69344 16.84944
78.4182
B25 3.9 35.237 2.75184 37.98884
C17
B31 4.5 44.618 3.1752 47.7932
85.78204
B26 2.4 40.19 1.69344 41.88344
C18
B29 1.325 3.48 0.93492 4.41492
46.29836
B29 1.325 3.48 0.93492 4.41492
C19 B27 2.4 18.204 1.69344 19.89744
B30 3.6 27.09 2.54016 29.63016
53.94252
B28 2.4 15.156 1.69344 16.84944
C20
B30 3.6 27.09 2.54016 29.63016
46.4796
Hence, we design the column C7 that transfers maximum load of 193.22 kN.
Now,
Load on Column, P = 193.22 kN
Effective length of column, s = 3 m
From table 1 of code IS 883:1994 for sal wood
E= 126.7*100 N/mm2
And permissible stress for grade 1 and for outside location of compression parallel to grain is
( fcp ) = 9.4 N/mm2
Considering column to be short,
Then for short column
∴ fC = fCP = 9.4 N/mm2
Also assume column is square of dimension ( d mm X d mm)
We have,
p
Area of column (A) =
fC
= 193.22 / 9.4
= 20555.31 mm2
Or, d2 = 20555.31
Or, d = 143.37 mm
Provide d =160 mm
Dimension of column = 160 mm * 160 mm
Check for short column
s
<1
d
Here, d= least dimension of column
s 3000
Or, =
d 160
= 18.75
So, the column is not short column.
Then, we find
E 126.7∗100 s
K8 = 0.702*
√ f cp
= 0.702*
√ 9.4
= 25.77 >
d
From the clause 7.6 of code IS 883 : 1994
s
For 11 < < K8
d
Column is intermediate column.
Again from clause [Link] of code IS 883 : 1994
For intermediate column
1 s 4
fC = fcp * ( 1 - ( ))
3 k 8∗d
= 8.52 N/mm2
∴ maximum load it can carry (p) = fC * area
= 8.52* 160 *160
= 218.16 kN
Which is greater than design load i.e. 193.22 kN. Hence it is ok.
Hence, adapt 160mm X 160mm square column.
