Debre Markos University, Institute of Technology,

Civil Engineering Academic Program

Geotechnical Engineering Design-I

(CEng4151)

LECTURE-3.1
EXAMPLES (ISOLATED FOOTING)

By
Abebaw Demeke (MSc)
abebawdemeke16@[Link]
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Example-1:
 Determine the dimensions of a square footing necessary to sustain
an axial column load of 850kN as shown in Fig. below, if
a) An allowable presumptive bearing pressure of 150kN/m 2 is used.
b) Cu = 40 kN/m2 ; C’ = 7.5 kN/m2 ; ϕ’ =250
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Solution:

a) Uisng an allowable bearing pressure of 150kN/m2

A= 

 The dimension of the footing would be 2.40m X 2.40m

b) Using the bearing capacity formula

i. Initial loading condition

qult = 5.1Cu Sc dc ic+ q Sq dq iq

 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Shape factors
 Sc = 1 + 0.2 Kp (B/L),
 Where Kp = tan2 (45 +ϕ /2) = tan2 (45 + 0/2) = 1
 Sc = 1 + 0.2 *1*(B/B)=1.2
 For Square footing, Sq =1, For ф =00
 Depth factors

 dc = 1 + 0.2 (Df/B) = (1+ 0.2 (2/B)) = 1+ 0.4/B

 dq =1, For ф=00

 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Load inclination factors
 ic = 1 , iq = 1
 Hence

 qult = 5.1*40 *1.2*(1 + 0.4/B)*1+ 19.1*2*1*1*1

= (244.8 + 97.92/B + 38.2)

=(283 + 97.92/B)
 A *qult = P *F.S, Since Square footing, A=B*B=B 2

P * F .S 850* 2
A  B 2
q ult 283  97.92 / B
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 283 B2 + 97.92B – 1700 = 0, B = 2.28m
 The dimension of the footing would be 2.30m X 2.30m

[Link] or long term loading condition

 Bearing capacity factors (For ф =250 )

 Nq=10.65
 Example(Isolated Footing)

 Nc=20.65 NƳ=4.5

 Shape factors
 Sc = 1 + 0.2 Kp (B/L),
 Where Kp = tan2 (45 +ϕ /2) = tan2 (45 + 25/2) = 2.46
 Sc = 1 + 0.2 *2.46*(B/B)=1.49
 Sq = Sγ = 1 + 0.1 Kp (B/L) = 1 + 0.1*2.46* (B/B) = 1.25

 Hence, SC=1.49, Sq=Sγ=1.25

 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Depth factors

 dc = 1 + 0.2 (Df/B) = (1+ 0.2 (2/B)) = 1+ 0.63/B

 dq = dγ=1 + 0. (Df/B) = (1+ 0. (2/B)) = 1+ 0.31/B

 Load inclination factors

 ic = 1, iq = 1 , iγ= 1 (There is no inclined load)

 qult = 7.5*20.65*1.49*(1+ 0.63/B’)*1 + ½ B *19.1* 4.5* 1.25*(1+

0.31/B )*1 + 19.1*2*10.65*1.25* (1+ 0.31/B)*1

= 230.76+ 145.38/B + 42.98B + 12.89 + 508.54 + 157.65/B
= 42.98B + 303.03/B + 752.19
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 A *qult = P*F.S

P * F .S 850* 2
A  B 2
q ult 42.98B  303.03 / B  752.19

 42.98*B3 + 752.19*B2 + 303.03*B = 1700

 42.98*B3 + 752.19*B2 + 303.03*B – 1700 = 0

 B= 1.28m
 The size of the footing would be 1.30m X1.30m.
 Therefore the initial loading condition governs and the dimension
of the footing is 2.30m X 2.30m.
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Example-2:
 Given:- Reinforced concrete (R.C.) column
 size 30X50 cm with 4ϕ22.
 P = 1500kN
 M = 375 kN-m
 Allowable soil bearing pressure = 400kPa
 Use C-25 concrete and steel having yield strength fyk of 300MPa

 Required: Design of rectangular R.C. footing

 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Solution
 Step-1: Determine the size of footing(axb)
 Let, the length of footing from the face of column to its edge along
the two axis is equal,
 Then: a  50 b  30
  a  b 50  30 20cm 0.2m
2 2

 Therefore,
 Eccentricity, M 375
 0.25m
P 1500
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Step-1.1: Compute the contact pressure

P 6ea  P  6ea 
 max  1   1  
A a  ab  a 
1500  6 * 0.25 
400   1  
0.2  b b  0.2  b 
2550
400(0.20b  b 2 ) 1500 
0.2  b 
400b 3  160b 2  1484b  2550 0

 By trial and error b= 2.344 m , Take b= 2.4m

 Then a = b+0.20m = 2.60m
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Actual contact pressure become:
1500  6 * 0.25 
 max   1   379.07kN / m 2   all ok
2.62.4  2.6 
1500  6 * 0.25 
 min   1   101.70kN / m 2  0 ok
2.62.4  2.6 
 Step-2: Determine the thickness of footing(d)

i. Thickness for Punching shear

 The Punching shear resistance according to EBCS-2 is given by
Vup = 0.25fctd k1k2ud (MN)
Take d= 0.40m and ρ = ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 k1 = ( 1+50ρ) = (1 +50*0.0017) =1.085

 k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 -0.4 = 1.2

 u = 2(3d +b’) +2(3d+a’)

= 12d +2b’ + 2a’

= 12*0.4 +2*0.5 +2*0.3
=6.4m

 Then, Vup = 0.25*1*1.085 *1.2 *6.4*0.4

=0.83328MN = 833.28kN
Example(Isolated Footing)
 Example(Isolated Footing)
0.45 * (379.07  101.70)
 1 101.7  149.71kN / m 2
2.60
2.15 * (379.07  101.7)
 2 101.7  331.06kN / m 2
2.60
1  2 331.06  149.71
  * 1 .7  * 1.7 408.65kN / m
2 2
V 408.65 * 1.5 612.98kN
 Net shear force developed = 1500 – 612.98 = 887.02 kN Vup not
safe!
 Since the developed shear force is greater than the punching shear
resistance, increase the depth.
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Take d= 0.45m and then:
 ρ= ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017
 k1 = ( 1+50ρ) = (1 +50*0.0017) =1.085
 k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 -0.45 = 1.15
 u = 2(3d +b’) +2(3d+a’) = 12d +2b’ + 2a’

= 12*0.45 +2*0.5 +2*0.3 =7m

 Then,
 Vup = 0.25*1*1.085 *1.15 *7*0.45=0.98260MN = 982.60kN
Example(Isolated Footing)
 Example(Isolated Footing)
0.375 * (379.07  101.70)
 1 101.7  141.71kN / m 2
2.60
2.225 * (379.07  101.7)
 2 101.7  339.07 kN / m 2
2.60
1  2 339.07  141.71
  * 1.85  * 1.85 444.72kN / m
2 2
V 444.72 * 1.65 733.79kN
 Net shear force developed = 1500 – 733.79 = 766.21 kN < Vup
Safe!
 The depth satisfies the punching shear requirement for the assumed

ρmin.
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 ii. Thicness of footing for wide beam shear

 101.7 
379.07  101.7 (1.55  0.45)
 315.06kN / m 2
2.60
  max     379.07  315.06 
 1   1.05  d    0 .6
 2   2 
208.24kN / m
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Developed wide beam shear, Vd = 208.24 *2.4 = 499.78kN
 The wide beam shear resistance according to EBCS-2 is given by

 Vud = 0.25fctd k1k2 bwd (MN)

= 0.25*1*1.085*1.15*2.4*0.45
=0.33689MN =336.89kN < Vd not ok
 Since the developed shear force is greater than the wide beam shear
resistance, one may increase the depth
 Take d = 0.60m
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Contact stress at distance d from the face of the column,

 101.7 
379.07  101.7 (1.55  0.60  331.06kN / m 2
2.60
  max     379.07  331.06 
 1   1.05  d    0.45
 2   2 
159.78kN / m
 Developed wide beam shear, Vd = 159.78 *2.4 =383.47kN
 Wide beam shear resistance ,
 Vud = 0.25fctd k1k2 bwd (MN)
= 0.25*1*1.085*1*2.4*0.60
=0.3906MN =390.60kN > Vd ok
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Step-3: Determin the bending Bending Moment
 Example(Isolated Footing)
1.55 * (379.07  101.7)
 101.70  267.06 N / m 2
2.60
1
 1  (1.05)(379.07  267.06) 58.81kN / m
2
 2 (1.05)( 267.06) 280.41kN / m
 2 1.05 
M   1 (1.05)   2 ( ) b
 3 2 
 2 1.05 
M  58.81 (1.05)  280.41( ) * 2.4 452.1kN  m
 3 2 
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Moment capacity of concrete
M 0.32  f cd  bd 2
0.32 11.33 103  2.4  0.6  3132.52kN  m
2

 Step-4; Determine the reinforcement

 Long direction

f cd  2M 
 1  1 
f yd  f cd bd 2 
11.33  2  452.12 
 1  1 2 
0.0021   min 0.0017
260.87  11.33 10  2.4  0.6  
3

As bd 0.0021  240  60 30.24cm 2

 Example(Isolated Footing)

 Example(Isolated Footing)
 Along the Shorter direction

 Average contact pressure,

 max   min  avg  379.07  101.7 240.39kN / m 2

 avg  2
2
 Example(Isolated Footing)
 1.05 
M   1 ( ) a
 2 

M  240.39(

1.05 
2
)  * 2.6 344.54kN  m
 2 

f cd  2M 
 1  1 
f yd  f cd bd 2 

11.33  2  344.54 
 1  1 2 
0.0014   min
260.87  11.33 10  2.6  0.6  
3

As   minbd 0.0017  260  60 26cm 2

 Example(Isolated Footing)

 Since there is no much difference between a and b, distribute these

reinforcement uniformly.
THANK
YOU