PROTECTION & INTERLOCK SYSTEM

BOILER & TURBINE

PROTECTION & INTERLOCK SYSTEM:
• Protections:
Are the programmed or hardwired control systems to protect the
equipment's and human beings from harmful when any abnormality
occurs.
-The protection scheme is developed to trip the equipment
automatically with or without time delay.

• Interlocks:
Are the programmed or hardwired control systems to protect systems
and improve the operation reliability.
BOILER MFT CONDITIONS
• Manual Trip- Operator DESK push buttons pressed
• Furnace pressure HH > + 3300pa 5 s
• Furnace pressure LL < -2500pa 5s
• Drum level HH >+254mm 5s
• Drum level LL <-381mm 5s
• Both APHs tripped 120S
• Both FDFs tripped 0 S
• Both IDFs tripped 0 S
• Scanner Air fan header pressure LLL 4kpa 180 s
• Both Scanner Air fan tripped or stopped 5s
• Total airflow is <30% BMCR 5S
• FSSS cabinet power off (Loss both 220V DC trip power)
BOILER MFT CONDTIONS
• Turbine tripped AND generator power>60%
• Re-purge requirement (no firing after purge completed 30 minutes)
• Lost primary air. No oil gun in service.
• Loss fuel trip : (1.All feeder tripped/all Oil valve closed 2.No oil ignitor light up and failed 3 times)
• Unit flames failure trip:( 1.Any feeder proven 2. All coal EL ¾ Flame failure 3. No oil layer in
service)
• All Boiler water Circulation pump stopped
• Re-heater protection ON: (1.Turbine Trip 2. Generator Load <60% 3.HP/LP Bypass not open
4.Final stage SH flue gas Temp>580 C)
BOILER MFT ACTION
• HSD header inlet valve closed.
• HSD Return valve closed.
• HFO header inlet valve closed
• HFO Return valve closed.
• HSD all corner pneumatic valve closed.
• HFO all corner pneumatic valve closed.
• All oil gun ignitor retract
• Trip both PAF’s
• Trip all Running Mills
• Trip all Running Feeders
• Close feeder out let damper
• Close hot air gate
• Close clod air gate
• Close seal air damper
• Retract soot blowers
FURNACE PRESSURE HIGH
• Furnace pressure in boilers is one of the most critical and important parameter to be maintained
and monitored.

• Furnace pressure in a balanced draft furnace is always kept negative, and in pressurized furnace is
positive

• Furnace Pressure High may cause to Furnace explosion.

• To avoid boiler explosion maintain the Furnace pressure -100Pa

FURNACE PRESSURE LOW

• This leads to a high differential pressure between the atmospheric pressure

outside and the pressure inside the furnace.
• Implosion happens when a large pressure acting on the walls of the furnace from
outside overcomes the very low pressure prevailing inside the furnace.

• To avoid boiler implosion maintain the Furnace pressure -100Pa

DRUM LEVEL HIGH / LOW

• The drum level in a boiler is maintained normal water level ±50 mm, which
generally is below the geometric center of the drum.
• Maintaining a high drum level leads to carryover of water to super heaters and
the way to the main turbine, it can damage blades.
• If Drum water level is too low, parts of the boiler may go dry and overheat.
• Drum level low operation has much more serious effect on the boiler tubes.
Loss fuel trip & Flames Failure trip:
• 1.All feeder tripped and all oil shut off valve closed condition
• 2.No oil ignitor light up and failed 3 times.

• Unit flames failure trip:

• 1.Any feeder proven & All coal EL ¾ Flame failure and No oil layer
in service ( 3 gun in same elevation )
 ID FAN TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY
1 MFT and FURNACE PRESS LLL trip IDF A      

2 Oil pressure of fan lubrication oil supply pipe in ID fan A oil station is LL < 0.8 kg/cm2   3 Sec

3 Vibration is HH > 11 mm/s   1 Sec

Temperature 1~6 of ID fan A motor winding is HH
4 >135℃   3 Sec

Temperature 1~3 of ID fan A thrust bearing is HH

5 >110℃   3 Sec

6 Temperature 1~6 of ID fan A supporting bearing is HH >110℃   3 Sec

Temperature 1~2 of ID fan A motor bearing is HH
7 >90℃   3 Sec

Induced draft fan A is Running 60 sec later, Electric actuator 1&2 of

8 motor-operated damper for gas in induced draft fan A inlet/outlet still     60 + 3Sec
closed
APH-A stopped and Inter connecting motor-operated damper in
9      
electrostatic precipitator outlet is closed

10 Both of APH tripped      

11 APH-A Stopped and ESP interconnection damper Closed      

 FD FAN TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY
1 MFT and FURNACE PRESS HHH trip FDF A  2500 Pa    
2 No oil pump running    
3 Vibration is HH > 11 mm/s   1 sec

Temperature 1~6 of FD fan A motor winding is HH

4 >135℃   3 sec

Temperature 1~3 of FD fan A thrust bearing is HH

5 >110℃   3 sec

Temperature 1~3of FD fan A foreside/Rearside supporting bearing is

6 HH >110℃   3 sec

Temperature 1~2 of FD fan B motor bearing is HH

7 >95℃   3 sec

FDF A is Running 60 sec later, FD fan A outlet Electric actuator of

8     3 sec
motor-operated damper still closed

IDF Trip to corresponding FDF trip

10      
PA FAN A TRIP CONDITION

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 MFT Trip      

2 APH trip to corresponding PAF trip in 10 sec later     120+15 sec

3 Vibration is HH > 11 mm/s   1 sec

If Temperature of PA fan A motor stator winding>135℃

4 >135℃   3 sec

Temperature of PA fan A thrust bearing is HH

5 >110℃   3 sec

Temperature of PA fan A fore/rear side supporting bearing

6 >110℃   3 sec

Temperature of PA fan A motor bearing is HH

7 >90℃   3 sec

8 Both LOP Stopped  

Pneumatic-operated shutoff damper in primary air fan outlet still closed

9      
Primary air fan is running status,60 sec later
 SAF A TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

All PAFs stopped delayed 15 seconds

1      

2 Temperature of seal fan A bearing is HH >90℃    

   

Temperature of seal fan A motor stator winding is HH

4 >130℃    

Fan vibration is HH delayed 5 seconds

5 > 11mm/s    

Seal air fan A running 30 seconds & Motor-operated damper in

6 seal air fan A outlet closed      
 BCP TRIP CONDITION

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Temperature of Boiler water CIRC. Pump motor bore>65℃     3 sec

2 Drum level LL <-381mm    

3 BCP inlet & outlet DP LL < 0.7 KSC   8 sec

MILL TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE Remarks
1 MFT      

2 Both seal air fan stopped delayed 5 seconds      

3 Pressure of primary air in mill inlet low delayed 5 seconds-from boiler MCS hardwire (<0.062kg/cm2)    

4 Mill inlet primary air flow low delayed 5 seconds-from boiler MCS hardwire 70 T/Hr     
Mixture of air and pulverized coal temperature in separator of mill >80℃,delayed 5 seconds-From
5 >80°C    
boiler MCS hardwire
6 DP. 1 between primary air and seal air in mill inlet<0.01kg/cm2 delayed 60 seconds < 1 kpa   60 sec 

7 At least 3 coal burners lost flame when mill is running coal flow is >40TPH 3/4    

8 Main motor bearing temperature of mill >95℃ >95°C   3 sec

9 Main motor winding temperature > 130℃ >130°C   3 sec

10 Input shaft inboard/outboard bearing temperature of gear box in mill lubrication oil station>85 ℃ >85°C   3 sec

11 Thrust bearing temperature of gear box in mill lubrication oil station >90 ℃ >90°C   3 sec

12 All oil pump of mill lubrication oil station stopped.      

13 Lube oil pressure is < 1 ksc      

14 Oil temperature of oil supply pipe in mill lubrication oil station>60℃ >60°C   3sec

15 Lube oil tank level low <200mm     5 sec 

16 Mill motor running & coal feeder not running delay 5 minutes     300 sec 
17 Operator emergency trip      

18 2/4 MDV closed      

19 Dynamic separator of coal mill trip, coal feeder trip then 5minuts delay mill trip     22 sec delay
MILL POST TRIP CONDITION

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

Close Pneumatic-operated shutoff damper for hot primary air in mill
1      
inlet ( HAD )

2 close Motor-operated shutoff damper in coal feeder inlet      

3 Stop Coal feeder      

4 Stop Mill      

5 Stop Dynamic separator frequency-converter motor running of mill      

Close Pneumatic-operated shutoff damper for cold primary air in mill

6      
inlet ( CAD )

Mill MDV close 4/4

7      

8 Close Motor-operated shutoff damper in coal feeder outlet      

9 Close Motor-operated shutoff gate in seal air pipe of mill ( SAD )      

10 OPEN inert Steam MOV if MOV is in “Standby”      

SCANNER AIR FAN AC/DC STOP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Scanner air fan AC for flame scanner remote      

After Scanner air fan DC for flame scanner is running 10 seconds, flame
2 detector cooling air header pressure is not Low(> 6kpa) Or furnace      
outlet flue gas temperature below 80 Deg c

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Scanner air fan DC for flame scanner remote      

AC flame scanner is running 10 seconds, flame detector cooling air

2 header pressure is not Low(> 6kpa) Or furnace outlet flue gas      
temperature below 80 Deg c
APH MOTOR STOP CONDITION

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

Temperature of gas in air preheater A inlet (11HNA10CT201XQ01)

1      
＜ 125℃ 。
APH MOTOR STOP
• APH flue gas inlet damper closed.
• APH PA inlet damper closed.
• APH PA outlet damper closed
• APH outlet SA damper closed.
TURBINE
TURBINE EMERGENCY TRIP SYSTEM (ETS)
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY
Manual Trip - Operator DESK push buttons pressed
1    
( Mechanical trip lever operated)
2 Lube Oil pressure LL 0.7 ksc     

3 EH oil Pressure LL  79 ksc    

4 Condenser A Vaccum LL -74.69 kpa     

5 Condenser B Vaccum LL -74.69 kpa     

6 Main oil Tank Level LL <1 m     

7 Thrust Bearing Metal Temperature HH >110 C    2 Sec 

8 Bearing Metal Temperature HH  >115 C   2 Sec 

9 HP cylinder Exhaust Temperature HH  >432 C     2 Sec

10 LP A cylinder Exhaust Temperature HH  107 C    

11 LP B cylinder Exhaust Temperature HH 107 C     

12 Turbine cylinder Wall Temperature HH Diff >300 C     

 TURBINE EMERGENCY TRIP SYSTEM (ETS)
MS Temp: Load >50% :
474 C
13 MSV Inlet steam Temperature HH MS Temp: Load >50% :
460 C

14 Turbine Shaft Vibration HH 250 µm    3 Sec

15 Axial Shift HH  +12./1.65    

16 HIP cylinder differential expansion HH  +11.6/6.6    

17 LP cylinder differential expansion HH  +30/-8    

18 DEH TRIP      

19 MFT TRIP      

20 Turbine Over speed - DEH >3300 rpm     

21 Turbine Over speed – TSI 2/3 speed 110%     

22 Turbine Over speed - Mechanical Speed 3300 rpm     

Command and feed back Both LP bypass
23 HP/LP Bypass valve fault difference 60% 
 
feedback issue 
24 Generator Trip      
TURBINE EMERGENCY TRIP
• Generator field Breaker & GCB open.
• Turbine Main stop valve & control valve close.
• Turbine Reheat stop valve & control valve close
• CRH QC-NRV close
• HP cylinder vent valve open
• BDV open.
• All Extraction MOV & QC-NRV close.
• All drains open.
TDBFP TURBINE EMERGENCY TRIP SYSTEM
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Manual Trip - Emergency trip button pressed LOCAL    

2 MEH trip to METS    

3 Booster Pump A Trip    

4 Over speed Trip (LOOP)      

5 Axial Shift HH (LOOP) -0.5/+0.3     

11.2 mm/sec  300 sec 

PUMP Shaft Vibration HH 5sec
18 mm/sec
6  
125µm/s
Turbine shaft vibration

7 Lube Oil Pressure LL (2/3) 0.7ksc     

8 EH oil pressure LL (Both EH Oil pump stop) 74 ksc     

9 Bearing Metal oil Temperature HH (1/8)  >110 C   3 Sec

10 Exhaust Temperature HH (1/2)  >150 C   3 Sec 

11 Vaccum LL (2/3) -50 Kpa     

 TDBFP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Deaerator Level not low delay 2S <-1550MM    

2 TD-BFP inlet press LL <12.5 Kg/Cm2    

3 When TD-BFP running, all the T-BFBP inlet valve closed, delay 2S    

When TDBFP running, TDBFP min. flow device pneumatic control valve opened,
M-BFP
<275TPH
4 min. flow device front, rear valve not all opened and M-BFBP inlet flow low    
<85%
,delay
15S

5 TDBFP DE/NDE radial bearing temperature >110℃    

6 >90℃    
TDBFP Thrust bearing temperature

7    
 TDBFP BP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Deaerator Level not low delay 2S <-1550MM    

2 TD-BFP inlet press LL <12.5 Kg/Cm2    

3 When TD-BFP running, all the T-BFBP inlet valve closed, delay 2S    

When TDBFP running, TDBFP min. flow device pneumatic control valve opened,
M-BFP
<275TPH
4 min. flow device front, rear valve not all opened and M-BFBP inlet flow low    
<85%
,delay
15S

5 TDBFP BP DE/NDE radial bearing temperature >90℃    

>130℃
6    
TDBFP BP Winding temperature

7    
CEP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY
Condenser outlet flow less than minimum flow (270 T/Hr ) and Recirculation
1      
valve >85% delay 5S

2 Condenser level low Low <-450mm    

3 Vibration of condensate pump high high thrust bearing 4.5 mm/sec     

4 Temperature of Condenser pump thrust bearing high >85℃    

5 Temperature of Condenser pump motor upside/Underside bearing high >95℃    

6 >130℃    
Temperature 1 /6 of CNDS pump A motor stator winding(A/B/C-phase) high

7 CEP running & pump inlet MOV closed  2 sec    

8 CEP running (DON 15 S), CEP outlet MOV closed (DON 2S) 15 sec     
OCCW PUMP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Pump running 60S, outlet MOV closed    

2 Pump running, inlet MOV closed, delay 1sec . 1 sec    

   

4 Temperature of open cycle cooling water pump A front/Back bearing HH >95℃   3 sec 

Temperature of open cycle cooling water pump A motor front/back bearing

5 >95℃   3 sec 
HH

Temperature 1 of open cycle cooling water pump A motor stator coil U/V/W -
6 >130℃   3 sec 
HH

7 OCCW pump running 120S, pump inlet press low <0.7kg/cm2    

CWP PUMP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

Pump valve Interlock in operation 、 circulating pump hydraulic control

1      
butterfly valve close 15 ゜
2 CWP running （ delay 20s ） hydraulic control butterfly valve closed ，      

3 CWP running （ don 60s ） hydraulic control butterfly valve a no opened      

Circulating water pump motor stator temp H trip > 140 ℃

4   (1 out of 6) 3sec 
U phase temperature 1/2 of CWP motor stator

Circulating water pump bearing temp H trip

Temperature 1/2 of CWP motor upper bearing thrust segment >80°
5  Any one   3 Sec 
Temperature 1/2 of CWP motor upper guide bearing >80°
Temperature of CWP motor lower brass >80°

6 Vibration of circulating pump A high high 11 mm/sec     1 Sec

7 Water level after CWP A brush screen cleaner <5700 mm   3 Sec 

 CCCW PUMP TRIP CONDITION
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY
 <500mm
1 Level of closed cycle cooling water expansion tank level low   3 sec 

2 CCCW pump A running 60S, inlet or outlet valve close      

closed cycle cooling water pump A front /Rear bearing

3 >95℃ 3 sec 
Temperature

closed cycle cooling water motor Front /Rear bearing  

>95℃ 3sec
4 Temperature >95℃

closed cycle cooling water pump A motor stator winding

>130℃
5 temperature R,Y B phase >130℃ 3 sec
JOP AC/DC STOP CONDITION

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Interlock input, turbine speed >2000 >2000    

Interlock input, Pressure of B jacking oil

2 pump inlet <0.31 kg/cm2    
low(12MAX10CP303XG01)<0.31kg/cm2
MAIN TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM
AC START UP OIL PUMP:
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Interlock input, turbine speed ≤2850    

2 Interlock input, Pressure low of main oil pump inlet <0.7138 kg/cm2    

0.7138 kg/cm2
3 Interlock input, Pressure low of bearing lube oil low  
   
4 Turbine Trip
MAIN TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM
TOP:
S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

1 Interlock input, turbine speed ≤2850    

Interlock input, Pressure low of main oil pump out let

2 <12.05 kg/cm2    
pressure
Interlock input, Pressure low of bearing lube oil low
3 1.1727 kg/cm2    
 
Turbine trip
MAIN TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM
EOP:

S. No DESCRIPTION TRIP VALUE DELAY

Interlock input, Pressure low of bearing lube oil low <1.0707

1 (12MAD10CP303BXG01) kg/cm2    

2 Interlock input, AC temporary oil pump trip (pulse)      

Interlock input, turbine trip and AC temporary oil pump

3 not start
     
HP/LP HEATER TRIP
• Extraction MOV and NRV will close.
• Heater bypass MOV Open
• Feed water heater inlet & outlet MOV close.
• Cascading control valve close
• Emergency control valve open.
THANK YOU