Probability
Probability
Probability:
● Probability defines the likelihood of occurrence of an event.
● Probability can be defined as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes
to the total number of outcomes of an event.
● Probability. It always lies between 0 to 1
Probability
Mutually Exclusive Event: In probability theory, two events are mutually exclusive if
they cannot both be true or occur at the same time.
Equally likely events: Equally likely events are events that have the same theoretical
probability (or likelihood) of occurring.
Independent Events: Two events E1 and E2 are said to be independent if the
occurrence of event E2 is not affected by the occurrence or the non- occurrence of
the event E1.
Compound Events: An Event associated to a random experiment is a compound
event if it is obtained by combining two or more elementary events associated to
the random experiment.
Probability
Addition theorem:
● Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment, then
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) –P(A B)
● If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B)
because for mutually exclusive events, P(A B) = 0
● If A and B are two independent events, then
P(A B) = P(A).P(B)
Multiplication Rule: When two events, A and B, are independent, the
probability of
both occurring is:
P(A B) = P(A) · P(B)
Probability
Odds in favor of the event:
Odds in the favor of any event is the ratio of the number of ways that an
outcome can occur to the number of ways it cannot occur
Odds in against of the event:
Odds against any event is the ratio of the number of ways that an
outcome cannot occur to the number of ways it can occur.
Conditional probability:
Probability
Concept of Playing Cards:
Deck of cards is the term used for a set of 52 cards consisting of 4 types
of suits.
Based on suits, the types of cards in a deck are:
● Spades
● Hearts
● Diamonds
● Clubs
Probability
The suits which are represented by red cards are hearts and diamonds
while the suits represented by black cards are spades and clubs.
There are 26 red cards and 26 black cards.
There is one more categorization of a deck of cards:
● Face cards : Kings, Queens, and Jacks in all 4 suits are Face cards.
● Number cards: All the cards from 2 to 10 in any suit are called the
number cards.
● Aces: There are 4 Aces in every deck, 1 of every suit.
Probability
1. Find the probability that a two- digit number, chosen at random, is a multiple
of 4 given that it is also a multiple of 7.
A. 8/15 B. 1/30 C. 7/13 D. 7/15
Probability
3. From a pack of 52 cards, three are drawn at random. Find the probability of
drawing a king, a jack and queen
A. 16/5525 B. 1/2197 C. 1/2744 D. 2/3375
Probability
4. In shuffl ing a pack of cards four are accidentally dropped. Find the chance
that the dropped cards should be one from each suit.
4 4 4
A. 13 /52C4 B. 11 /52C4 C. 12 /52C4 D. None of
these
Probability
5. Three coins are tossed what is the probability of getting 2 tails and 1 head
A. 1/4 B. 3/8 C. 2/3 D. 1/8
Probability
6. When two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum
of the scores on the dice is less than or equal to 7?
A. 1/6 B. 5/12 C. 7/12 D. 11/36
Probability
7. What is the chance that a leap year, selected at random, will contain 53
Sundays?
A. 2/7 B. 3/7 C. 1/7 D. 57
Probability
8. A bag contains 15 eggs out of which 7 are rotten. The remaining eggs are in
good condition. If two eggs are drawn randomly, what is the probability that
exactly one of the eggs drawn is rotten ?
A. 11/24 B. 8/15 C. 7/15 D. 7/24
Probability
9. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3
or 5?
A. 11/24 B. 9/20 C. 7/15 D. 7/24
Probability
10. The probability of occurrence of two events A and B are 1/4 and 1/2
respectively. The probability of their simultaneous occurrence is 7/50. Find the
probability that neither A nor B occurs.
A. 25/99 B. 39/100 C. 61/100 D. 17/100
Probability
8. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability
that either both are black or both are queen?
A. 11/24 B. 9/20 C. 55/221 D. 7/221
Probability
11. Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is:
A. 5/12 B. 9/20 C. 5/21 D. 7/21
Probability
12. When two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that the
sum of the two numbers that turn up is less than 12?
A. 5/36 B. 35/36 C. 15/36 D. 7/36
Probability
13. A basket contains 7 Red and 6 Pink toys. There is another basket which contains
7 Red and 4 Pink toys. One toy is to drawn from either of the two baskets. What is
the probability of drawing a Pink toys?
A. 59/143 B. 101/210 C. 75/210 D. None of
these
Probability
14. A bag contains 7 red, 5 green and 9 blue balls. Three balls are drawn one by
one at random without replacement. Find the probability that the first ball is
red, second ball is green and third ball is blue?
A. 3/76 B. 5/76 C. 7/76 D. None of these
Probability
15. A box contains 60 marbles of different colours i.e. purple, pink and blue.
Find the number of pink marbles in the box, if probability of picking up a purple
marble is 3/5 and that of either a purple or a pink marble is 4/5.
A. 10 B. 12 C. 24 D. 20
Probability
16. There are 201 balls (numbered 1 to 201) in a box. Find the probability of
choosing a ball which bears either perfect cube or perfect square and it is either
multiple of 3 or multiple of 2?
A. 11/201 B. 3/50 C. 17/200 D. 13/200
Probability
17. A box contains certain number of balls of Black, White and Pink Colors in the
ratio 6 : 9 : 20. If two balls are drawn randomly and probability of getting both the
balls as Pink is 52/161, then find the number of white Balls.
A. 12 B. 18 C. 40 D. 70
Probability
18. There are total 17 balls in a bag. Out of them 6 are red in colour, 4 are green
in colour and 7 are blue in colour. If Vishal picks three balls randomly from the
bag, then what will be the probability that all the three balls are not of the same
colour?
A. 19/23 B. 21/23 C. 621/680 D. None of these
Probability
19. In a bag which contains 40 balls, there are 18 red balls and some green and blue
balls. If two balls are picked up from the bag without replacement, then the
probability of the first ball being red and second being green is 3/26. Find the
number of blue balls in the bag.
A. 6 balls B. 4 balls C. 8 balls D. 12 balls
Probability
20. A bag contains 49 balls of three different colors viz. red, orange and pink. The
ratio of red balls to orange balls is 3 : 4, respectively and probability of choosing a
pink ball is 3/7. If two balls are picked from the bag, then what is the probability
that one ball is orange and one ball is pink?
A. 24/119 B. 2/7 C. 3/17 D. None of these
Probability
21. A speaks truth in 75% cases and B in 80% of the cases. In what percentage of
cases are they likely to contradict each other, narrating the same incident?
A. 7% B. 14.5% C. 16% D. 35%
Probability
22. A man and his wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post.
The probability of husband's selection is (1/7) and the probability of wife's
selection is (1/5). What is the probability that only one of them is selected ?
A. 2/7 B. 1/7 C. 3/7 D. 3/5
Probability
23. The odds favouring the event of a person hitting a target are 3 to 5. The odds
against the event of another person hitting the target are 3 to 2. If each of them
fire once at the target, find the probability that both of them hit the target.
A. 4/20 B. 1/20 C. 5/20 D. 3/20
Probability
24. The probabilities that drivers A, B and C will drive home safely after consuming
liquor are 2 / 5, 3 / 7 and 3 / 4, respectively. What is the probability that they will
drive home safely after consuming liquor ?
A. 4/70 B. 9/70 C. 5/70 D. 3/70
Probability
25. A three- digit number is formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 at random. What is
probability that number formed is divisible by 5 ?
A. 4/5 B. 1/5 C. 5/7 D. 3/7
Probability
26. 14 persons are seated around a circular table. Find the probability that 3
particular persons always seated together.
A. 24/625 B. 26/625 C. 5/7 D. 21/628
Probability
27. The probability that a bowler bowled a ball from a point will hit by the batsman
is ¼ . Three such balls are bowled simultaneously towards the batsman from that
very point. What is the probability that the batsman will hit the ball ?
A. 37/64 B. 26/64 C. 11/13 D. 21/628
Any Doubts???
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