MUFFAKHAM JAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

NAME:________________________________________

ROLL NO:_____________________________________

BE:___________________________________________

BRANCH:_______________________________________
 LABORATORY MANUAL
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB
for
(I& II-SEM ) B.E Common to All Branches

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MUFFAKHAM JAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Banjara Hills Road No 3, Hyderabad 34
[Link]
 MUFFAKHAM JAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB (20 -20 )
EXPERIMENTS CYCLE – 1
[Link] NAME OF THE 1 2 3 4 5
EXPERIMENT I R
1 KIRCHOFF’S N A E D C B E
LAWS T P
2 THEVENIN’S & R B A E D C E
NORTONS O A
THEOREM D T
3 SERIES RL &RC U C B A E D A
CIRCUITS C T
4 STAR &DELTA T D C B A E I
CONNECTIONS I O
5 LOADING OF O E D C B A N
TRANSFORMER N
 EXPERIMENT 1 (a)

VERIFICATION OF KCL

AIM: To verify Kirchhoff’s current law for the given circuit

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 1
2 Resistance 220Ω,470Ω,680Ω 3
3 Ammeter (0-200mA)MC 3
4 Voltmeter (0-30V)MC 3
5 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:-

Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

According-to this law, in any network of wires carrying currents, the algebraic sum of
all the currents meeting at a node is zero or the sum of all the incoming currents is equal to
the sum of outgoing currents away from that node.
Let I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 I6 be the currents at node O. I1, I4, I5 are the currents entering the
node O and I2, I3, I6 are the currents leaving the node O. Then according to Kirchhoff’s
current law,

i.e I1+I4+I5=I2+I3+I6
PROCEDURE FOR KCL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Set a particular voltage value in RPS.
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages

OBSERVATION:

Applied voltage
[Link] I in I1in I2in I=I1+I2
V in volts
(mAmps) (mAmps) (mAmps) (mAmps)
1
2
3

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Voltage control knob should be kept at minimum position.

2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 1 (b)

VERIFICATION OF KVL

AIM: To verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law for the given circuit

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-12V) 1
2 Resistance 220Ω,470Ω,680Ω 3
3 Ammeter (0-200mA)MC 3
4 Voltmeter (0-30V)MC 3
5 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:-

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law:

According to this law, in any closed circuit or mesh, the algebraic sum of EMFs
acting in that circuit or mesh is equal to the voltage drops of each element of the circuit.
PROCEDURE FOR KVL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Set a particular voltage value in RPS.
3. Note all the voltage reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages

OBSERVATIONS:

Applied voltage
[Link] V1 in V2 in V3 in V=
V in volts
volts volts volts VI+V2+V3
1
2
3

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 1 (c)

VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

AIM: To verify superposition theorem for the given circuit

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 1
2 Resistance 220Ω,470Ω,680Ω 3
3 Ammeter (0-200mA)MC 3
4 Voltmeter (0-30V)MC 3
5 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:

In a bilateral network consisting of a number of sources, the response in any branch is equal
to sum of the responses due to individual sources taken one at a time with all other sources
reduced to zero. When a network consists of several sources, this theorem helps us to find the
current in any branch easily, considering only one source at a time.
 Fig 3.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1.
2. Adjust the voltage of the source (1) to 5V and that of source (2) to [Link] the
current (I) read by the ammeter.
3. Disconnect source (2) and short the terminals as in fig(2) with sourceVoltage (1) at
5V read the ammeter current (I1).
4. Disconnect source and short the terminals as in fig(3).With source (2) voltage at 10V
read the ammeter current (I2).
5. Verify the equation I = I1 + I2.
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 for different voltages.

OBSERVATIONS:

[Link] V1 V2 I(mA) I1 (mA) I2 (mA) I=I1+I2

(mA)
5 10
1 5 --
-- 10

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:
 EXPERIMENT 2(a)

VERIFICATION OF THEVENINS THEOREM

AIM: To verify Thevenin’s Theorem for the given circuit

APPARATUS:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-12V) 1
2 Resistance Network 1
3 Ammeter (0-1A) 1
4 Voltmeter (0-30V) 1
5 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:

Any linear bilateral network with respect to two terminals (A and B) can be replaced by a single
voltage source Vth in series with a single resistance Rth. Where, Vth is the open circuit voltage across
the load terminals and Rth is the internal resistance of the network as viewed back into the open
circuited network from the terminals A and B with voltage sources and current sources replaced by
their internal resistances. Then the current in the load resistance is given by,
IL= Vth/ (Rth + RL)
 PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1 and apply suitable voltage. Note down the open circuit
voltage (Vth).
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.2 and note the Thevenin’s resistance R th by means of a
multimeter.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in [Link] a particular value of load resistance RL, keeping the
voltage of RPS at the same value as in step1, note the value of the current. Verify the current
value obtained by applying the Thevenin’s theorem i.e I L should be equal to Vth / (Rth+RL).
4. Repeat step3 for various values of load resistances and compare with the calculated values, as
obtained by applying Thevenin’s theorem.
5. Vary the input voltage and take three sets of readings (step 2 need not be repeated as long as
the network is not changed).

OBSERVATIONS:
Rth=
[Link]. Vs Vth RL(KΩ) IL(Measured Value) IL(By applying theorem)
(mAmp) IL=Vth/(Rth+RL) (mAmp)

RESULT:
DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 2(b)

VERIFICATION OF NORTON’S THEOREM

AIM: To verify Norton’s Theorem for the given circuit

APPARATUS:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 1
2 Resistance Network 1
3 Ammeter (0-1A) 1
4 Voltmeter (0-30V) 1
5 Decade Resistance Box 1
6 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:

Any linear bilateral network with respect to a pair of terminals (A and B)

can be replaced by a single current source I N in parallel with a single resistance
[Link],INis the short circuit currentin between the load terminals and RN(=Rth)is the
internal resistance of the network as viewed back into the open circuited network from the
terminals A and B with voltage sources and current sources replaced by their internal
resistances. Then the current in the load resistance is given by,
IL= IN RN / (RN+RL)
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1 and by applying suitable voltage through RPS,
determine the short circuit current (IN / Isc.).
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.2 and note the Norton’s resistance RN by means of a
multimeter.
3. Note down the load currents for various values of load resistance (R L) and compare with the
theoretical values obtained using Norton’s equivalent circuit.
4. Repeat steps 1 &3 for various values of source voltages.

OBSERVATIONS:
RN=
[Link]. Vs IN /Isc RL(KΩ) IL(Measured Value) IL(By applying theorem)
(mA) (mAmp) IL=IN RN/( RN + RL) (mAmps)

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 3 (a)

SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF R-L

CIRCUIT.

AIM:To verify voltage, current, power factor and impedance variations of R-L circuit to a
sinusoidal input at steady state condition .

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link] Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Required

1 Function Generator 0-10MHz 1
2 Voltmeter 0-5V 2
3 Ammeter 0-20mA 1
4 Resistance - DRB 1
5 Inductance - DIB 1
6 Capacitance- DCB 1
7 Connecting Wires APR

THEORY:-

Any circuit behavior depends on the parameters of the elements available in it. Such elements,
which drastically changes the parameters of the circuit, are resistance, inductance and
[Link] series RL network when a voltage Vsis applied then the current Is flows into the
circuit which creates a voltage drops across resistance VR and inductance VL and these voltages
lag by an angle θ as well the current I slags the applied voltage Vsand this angle is 90 for pure
inductor.
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect circuit as shown in the circuit diagram

2. Apply the voltage using Function Generator and set the frequency to 50Hz
3. Note all the readings and tabulate them in the given tabular form.
4. Repeat the procedure with different R&L values

OBSERVATIONS:

Practical values

𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝐿
R in ohms L in mH Vs Is (mA) VR VL |𝑍 | = (Ω) 𝜃 =𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) Cos 𝜃
𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑅
150 200
150 500

Theoretical values:

𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝐿
R in ohms L in mH Vs Is (mA) VR VL |𝑍 | = (Ω) 𝜃 =𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) Cos 𝜃
𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑅
150 200

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 3 (b)

SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF R-C

CIRCUIT.

AIM: To verify voltage, current, power factor and impedance variations of R-C circuit to a
sinusoidal input at steady state condition .

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link] Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Required

1 Function Generator 0-10MHz 1
2 Voltmeter 0-5V 2
3 Ammeter 0-20mA 1
4 Resistance - DRB 1
5 Inductance - DIB 1
6 Capacitance- DCB 1
7 Connecting Wires APR

THEORY:-

Any circuit behavior depends on the parameters of the elements available in it. Such
elements, which drastically changes the parameters of the circuit, are resistance, inductance
and capacitanceIn series RC network when a voltage Vsis applied then the current Is flows
into the circuit which creates a voltage drops across resistance V R and capacitance Vc and
these voltages lead by an angle θ as well the current I slead the applied voltage Vsand this
angle is 90 for pure capacitor
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect circuit as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Apply the voltage using Function Generator and set the frequency to 50Hz
3. Note all the readings and tabulate them in the given tabular form.
4. Repeat the procedure with different R&C values

OBSERVATIONS:

Practical values

𝑉𝑠 −𝑉𝑐
R in ohms C in µF Vs Is (mA) VR VC |𝑍 | = (Ω) 𝜃 =𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) Cos 𝜃
𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑅
150 2
150 5

Theoretical values:

𝑉𝑠 −𝑉𝑐
R in ohms C in µF Vs Is (mA) VR Vc |𝑍 | = (Ω) 𝜃 =𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) Cos 𝜃
𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑅
150 2

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 4 (a)

MEASUREMENT OF PHASE VOLTAGE/CURRENT LINE VOLTAGE/CURRENT AND

POWER IN BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT IN STAR CONNECTION.
AIM :To study the balanced three phase system for star connected load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link] Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Required

1 Three phase Variac 440/0-440V 1
2 Ammeter (AC) 10A 1
3 Voltmeter (AC) 600V 1
4 Rheostats 25ohms/5A 3
5 Wattmeter Meter 0-300V/5A UPF 1
6 Connecting wires As per requirement

THEORY:-
.
Star Connection→ In this connection, the starting or termination ends of all winding
areconnected together & along with their phase ends this common point is also brought out
called as neutral point.

Some term related to 3 phase system

i. Line Voltage - The voltage between any two line of 3 ph load is called as line voltage
e.g. VRY,VYB& VBR.. For balance system all are equal in magnitude.
ii. Line Current– The current in each line is called as line current e.g. I R, IY, & IB. They
are equal in magnitude for balance system.
iii. Phase Voltage– The voltage across any branch of three phase load is called as phase
voltage. VRN, VYN, & VBN are phase voltage
[Link]– current passing through any phase of load is
calledas phase current.

For star connection of load-

Line voltage (VL) = √3 phase voltage (Vph)
Line current (IL) = Phase current (Iph)

Three phase power is given by,

P= power consumed by the load = √3VL IL cos(𝜃 )
Where 𝜃 is phase angle & it depends on type of load i.e. inductive, capacitive or
resistive.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect circuit as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Set 3-ph variac to minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Apply a voltage by using 3-ph variac
5. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter meter.
6. Repeat the above procedure by changing supply voltage.

OBSERVATIONS:

Line Power
Line Phase Phase
[Link] Current(IL) W=√3 VLIL
Voltage(VL) Voltage(VPh) Current(IPh)
CosØ

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 4 (b)

MEASUREMENT OF PHASE VOLTAGE/CURRENT LINE VOLTAGE/CURRENT AND

POWER IN BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT IN DELTACONNECTION.
AIM : To study the balanced three phase system for delta connected load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link] Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Required

1 Three phase Variac 440/0-440V 1
2 Ammeter (AC) 10A 1
3 Voltmeter (AC) 600V 1
4 Rheostats 25ohms/5A 3
5 Wattmeter Meter 0-300V/5A UPF 1
6 Connecting wires As per requirement

THEORY:-

Delta Connection- If the terminating end of one winding is connected to starting end ofother
& If connection are continued for all their windings in this fashion we get closed loop. The
three supply lines are taken out from three junctions. This is called as three phase delta
connected system.

Some term related to 3 phase system

i. Line Voltage - The voltage between any two line of 3 ph load is called as line voltage
e.g. VRY,VYB& VBR.. For balance system all are equal in magnitude.
ii. Line Current– The current in each line is called as line current e.g. I R, IY, & IB. They
are equal in magnitude for balance system.
iii. Phase Voltage– The voltage across any branch of three phase load is called as phase
voltage. VRN, VYN, & VBN are phase voltage
[Link]– current passing through any phase of load is called
as phase current.

For delta connection of load-

Line voltage (VL)= phase voltage (Vph)
Line current (IL)= √3 phase current(Iph)

Three phase power is given by,

P= power consumed by the load = √3VL IL cos(𝜃 )
Where 𝜃 is phase angle & it depends on type of load i.e. inductive, capacitive or
resistive.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect circuit as shown in the circuit diagram

2. Set 3-ph variac to minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Apply a voltage by using 3-ph variac
5. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter meter.
6. Repeat the above procedure by changing supply voltage.

OBSERVATIONS:

Line Power
Line Phase Phase
[Link] Current(IL) W=√3 VLIL
Voltage(VL) Voltage(VPh) Current(IPh)
CosØ

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT:
 EXPERIMENT 5

LOADING OF SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To measure the primary and secondary current, voltage and power of the given transformer.

APPARATUS:

[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity

Single phase Transformer 110/230V 1
1
Auto transformer V 1
2
Ammeter(MI) (0-10/20A) 2
3
Voltmeter(MI) (0-150/300V) 2
4
5 Resistive Load Box 0-10KW 1

6 Wattmeter (0-300V/20A) UPF 2

7 Connecting wires -- Required

THEORY:
Transformer works on the principal of mutual induction, which implies-when the ac voltage
applied to the primary coil, then the ac current flows in the primary coil gives rise to flux
change. The change of flux induces emf in the secondary coil due to mutual induction
We will measure the voltage, current and power by using voltmeter and ammeter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure above

[Link] the rated voltage by using auto transformer
3. Take the readings of I1,V1 and W1 from primary side
4. Take the readings of I2 ,V2 and W2 from secondary side
5. Apply the load in steps by using resistive load box
6. Tabulate the readings for every change in load

OBSERVATIONS:

[Link]. V1 I1 W1 V2 I2 W2
Primary Voltage Primary Current Primary power Secondary voltage Secondary current Secondary power

RESULT:

DISCUSSION OF RESULT