Handout on Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.

0 and Dark Web

Web 1.0 Web 1.0 is the term used to refer to the first stage of development on the
World Wide Web that was characterized by simple static websites.

The term Web 1.0 didn't appear until the term Web 2.0 was coined in 1999 by Darci
DiNucci. During that time, the web was undergoing a major transformation. Most
websites in the 1990s had originally been built with static HTML pages, and a few
simple styles embedded in the HTML markup. In the late 1990s and early 2000s,
interactive website features redefined what could be accomplished in a web browser
and marked a major point of evolution in the world of web development.

During the stage known as Web 1.0, websites were marked by the following typical Web
1.0 characteristics:

 Static pages: Pages didn't offer interactive features that changed based on
website visitor behavior. At that point websites were largely informational.
 Website content stored in files: Virtually every modern website makes use of a
database to store the majority of website content. During Web 1.0 this was not
the case and most website content was stored directly in the website files, not in
a separate database.
 Combination of content and layout: Good web design practice today dictates
the separation of webpage markup and styling. Virtually every modern website
makes use of external style sheets to determine the look and layout of
webpages. During Web 1.0 most styling was built into the page markup itself,
often by misusing HTML elements such as tables.
 Proprietary HTML tags: During Web 1.0 browsers attempted to stand out by
offering support for proprietary tags, creating significant incompatibility problems
between websites that used these tags and site visitors using unsuported
browsers.
 Guestbooks: Website visitor comments were usually added to
a Guestbook page rather than attached directly to content pages.
 E-mailing of forms: Web hosting servers during the Web 1.0 phase rarely
offered support for server-side scripting, which is required to use the web server
to submit a form. As a result, during Web 1.0, when the Submit button was
clicked on most forms the website visitor's e-mail client would launch, and the
visitor would have to e-mail their form to an e-mail address provided by the
website.

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Web 2.0 The term Web 2.0 refers to websites that integrate user-generated
content, place an emphasis on user experience, and offer improved
interoperability.

Web 2.0 is the term that was coined out of a desire to differentiate between the simple
static websites that first populated the web, and the web applications cropping up to
take their place. Web 2.0 sites are marked by three primary characteristics that set them
apart from their Web 1.0 predecessors:

 User-generated content: Whether in the form of blog comments, social media

posts, product reviews, or wiki article submissions and editorial input, Web 2.0
sites enable website visitors to contribute to the content of the website.
 An emphasis on user experience: Features that are responsive to user input,
such as a map web application that you can use to create personalized directions
for a roadtrip, are a key component of Web 2.0.
 Improved interoperability: Web 2.0 websites began to incorporate application
programming interfaces (API) to enable the use of website content in an external
application or website, such as placing a social media feed in a website sidebar.

The term Web 2.0 was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci. However, it didn't see
widespread usage until 2004 when it was popularized at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0
Conference.

Web 3.0 refers to the phase of web development that follows Web 2.0, and is
characterized by the semantic web, the ever-present web, and the application of
articificial intelligence.

Because no one is certain that we've arrived at Web 3.0 yet, when we might get there,
or exactly what it will look like, the definition of Web 3.0 varies from one source to the
next. What we know is this: Web 3.0 will be the next major phase of growth of the web,
and it will build on the interactive, socially connected, and collaborative websites of Web
2.0, as well as the static informational websites of Web 1.0.

Most experts agree that Web 3.0 will be characterized by a few key concepts:

 Minimalist designs: Web 3.0 will be marked by a renewed focus on usability

and simplicityin website and application design.
 Ever-present web: Internet access will continue to expand and become an
increasingly ever-present aspect of life. Internet access, once categorized as an
optional service, will increasingly become a part of the infrastructure of daily life.
 Semantic web: The data that powers websites and applications will be stored
and categorized in a semantic fashion so that it is easily accessible and readable
to both computers and humans.
 Artificial intelligence: As the semantic web grows and technology continues to
evolve, artificial intelligence will be brought to bear on tasks previously
accomplished with complex algorithms and human creativity and ingenuity.

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As you can see, the web today has already begun to reflect many of the trends of Web
3.0. Minimalist web and application design, with a focus on usability, is the way leading
designers approach new projects. The web is just about everywhere, albeit not without
challenges in the form of cellular data caps, limited broadband access in rural areas,
and corporate attempts to add figurative toll lanes to the IT infrastructure that powers
the Internet. Within the web design and development community, there is a strong focus
on the proper use of web languages to engender the expansion of the semantic web.
We're even beginning to see glimmers of artificial intelligence in concept if not in
practical application. If we haven't reached Web 3.0 yet, we are on the cusp.

World Wide Web is a freely accessible digital space where documents and other
resources, interconnected by hyperlinks, can be accessed over the Internet.

The web, as the World Wide Web is commonly known, was invented in 1989 by Tim
Berners-Lee who envisioned a digital space, accessible by anyone with an Internet
connection, that would allow the free exchange of information. After launching the web
while working for CERN, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
in 1994 to serve as the standards organization for the web – an organization he leads to
this day.

The web is built on the following key concepts and principles:

 Free & open source: While not everything on the web is free and open-source,
the basic architecture that undergirds the web is freely accessible and ongoing
development is done via an open-source method.
 Hyperlinks: Documents on the web do not exist in a vacuum. Instead, they are
connected to other web pages by hyperlinks. These links create a massive grid
that charts a path from one web resource to another related web resource.
 Unique Identifiers: Each web resource can be located by using a unique
identifier called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or Unique Resource Identifier
(URI).

Dark web definition

The dark web is a part of the internet that isn't indexed by search engines. You've no
doubt heard talk of the “dark web” as a hotbed of criminal activity — and it
is. Researchers Daniel Moore and Thomas Rid of King's College in London classified
the contents of 2,723 live dark web sites over a five-week period a couple of years ago
and found that 57 percent host illicit material.

You can buy credit card numbers, all manner of drugs, guns, counterfeit money, stolen
subscription credentials, hacked Netflix accounts and software that helps you break into
other people’s computers. Buy login credentials to a $50,000 Bank of America account
for $500. Get $3,000 in counterfeit $20 bills for $600. Buy seven prepaid debit cards,
each with a $2,500 balance, for $500 (express shipping included). A “lifetime” Netflix
premium account goes for $6. You can hire hackers to attack computers for you. You
can buy usernames and passwords.
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But not everything is illegal, the dark web also has a legitimate side. For example, you
can join a chess club or BlackBook, a social network described as the “the Facebook of
Tor.”