Evolution of the Web

ISM301 – Web Techology and Applications

The evolution of the Web
• From the first Web site (1991), the Web is continuously growing and
changing its nature
• In parallel, telephony is drastically changed (fixed → mobile)
• Drivers of this evolution: technology, market, people behaviour
Web 1.0
• An old internet that only allows people to read from the internet.
• First stage World wide linking web pages and hyperlink.
• Web is use as “information portal”
• Most read-only Web. It focused on companies home pages
Web 1.0
Web 1.0 Technologies includes core web protocols, HTML,
HTTP, and URI. The major characteristics of web 1.0 are as
follows:
• Static web pages and uses basic Hypertext Mark-Up
Language
• Content is served from the server’s file-system.
• They have read only content.
• Establish an online presence and make their information
available to anyone at any time
Web 1.0 Typical applications
• Corporate Web sites
• Portals and search engines
• eCommerce
• [Corporate portals]
Web 1.0
The major limitations of web 1.0 are as follow:
1) The Web 1.0 pages can only be understood by humans (web
readers) they do not have machine compatible content.
2) The Web master is solely responsible for updating user and
managing the content of website.
3) Lack of Dynamic representation i.e., to acquire only static
information , no web console were available to performing dynamic
events.
Web 2.0
• A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and
applications with an increasing emphasis on human collaboration.
Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by
the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the
rules for success on that new platform.
• Also known as the read-write web
• It is a two-way Platform. it gives users the possibility (liberty) to
control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through
blogs or sites like Flicker, YouTube, Digg, etc.
Web 2.0
 Web 2.0
Web 2.0 has been coined to reference the transition of World Wide Web to a new
phase of use and service development . The categorization can be used to elaborate
on the understanding of Web 2.0 achieved through varied definitions.
• Technology Centric Characteristics: Web has become a platform with software
above the level of a single device. Technology that is associated with blogs wikis,
podcasts, RSS feeds etc.
• Business Centric Characteristics: It is a way of architecting software and
businesses. The business revolution in the computer industry is caused by the
move to internet as platform and an attempt to understand the rules for success on
that of new platform.
• User Centric Characteristics: The Social Web is often used to characterize sites
that consist of communities. It is all about content management and new ways of
communication and interaction between users. Web application facilitates
collective knowledge production, social networking and increases user to user
information exchanges.
Principles of Web 2.0
• No Products but Services
• “There are no products, only solutions”
• A problem solving approach
• Must Provide Simple Solutions
Concept of Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 can be described in 3 parts which are as follows:
• Rich Internet Application (RIA) - It defines the experience brought from
desktop to browser. Whether it is from a graphical point of view or usability
point of view. Some people relate RIA with AJAX and Flash.
• Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) - It is a key piece in Web 2.0 which
defines how Web 2.0 applications expose its functionality so that other
applications can integrate the functionality and produce a set of much richer
applications (Examples are: Feeds, RSS, Mash- ups)
• Social Web – It defines how Web 2.0 tends to interact much more with the
end user and making the end user an integral part.
Features of Web 2.0
• Major features of Web 2.0 –
o Free sorting of information, permits users to retrieve and classify
the information collectively.
o Dynamic content that is responsive to user input.
o Information flows between site owner and site users by means of
evaluation & online commenting.
o Developed APIs to allow self-usage, such as by a software
application.
Usage of Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 applications tend to interact much more with the end user. As such, the
end user is not only a user of the application but also a participant by these 8 tools
mentioned below:
• Podcasting
• Blogging
• Tagging
• Curating with RSS
• Social bookmarking
• Social networking
• Social media
• Web content voting
Technologies
• The client-side/web browser technologies used in Web 2.0
development are :
• Ajax(Asynchronous JavaScript +XML) - Ajax programming
uses JavaScript to upload and download new data from
the web server without full page reload.
• Adobe Flex - Flex makes it easier for programmers to
populate large data grids, charts, and other heavy user
interactions. Applications programmed in Flex, are
compiled and displayed as Flash within the browser.
Web 3.0
• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third-
generation of the web.
• Third generation of Web technologies and services that emphasize a
machine-facilitated understanding of information on the web.
• Machine centric web.
• Connected, open and intelligent with semantic web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning,
and autonomous agents.
Features of Web 3.0
• Semantic Web: The succeeding evolution of the Web involves the Semantic Web.
This improves web technologies in demand to create, share and connect content
through search and analysis based on the capability to comprehend the meaning
of words, rather than on keywords or numbers.
• Artificial Intelligence: Combining this capability with natural language processing,
in Web 3.0, computers can distinguish information like humans in order to provide
faster and more relevant results. They become more intelligent to fulfil the
requirements of users.
• 3D Graphics: The three-dimensional design is being used widely in websites and
services in Web 3.0. Museum guides, computer games, ecommerce, geospatial
contexts, etc. are all examples that use 3D graphics.
• Connectivity: With Web 3.0, information is more connected thanks to semantic
metadata. As a result, the user experience evolves to another level of connectivity
that leverages all the available information.
• Ubiquity: Content is accessible by multiple applications, every device is connected
to the web, the services can be used everywhere.
Evolution Paths
• Semantic Web
• Intelligent System Planning
• Business and Network Applications
• etc.
• Video Web
• Web 3D
• Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web
Semantic Web
• The semantic web involves publishing in languages specifically
designed for data:
• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Web Ontology Language (OWL)
• HTML describes documents and the links between them.
• RDF, OWL, and XML, by contrast, can describe arbitrary things such as people,
meetings, or airplane parts.
Semantic Web
• RDF – Resource Description Framework
• Language for representing information about resources in the World Wide
Web.
• Defining & describing data and relationship among data.
• Based on the idea of identifying things using Web identifiers which is
called Uniform Resource Identifiers , or URIs.
• RDFS - (Resource Description Framework Schema, variously
abbreviated as RDFS, RDF(S), RDF-S, or RDF/ is a set of S)
• Is a set of classes with certain properties using the RDF extensible knowledge
representation language, providing basic elements for the description
of ontologies, otherwise called RDF vocabularies, intended to structure
RDF resources.
• Semantic Extension RDF
Semantic Web
• OWL - Web Ontology Language
• Ontology defines the terms used to describe and represent an area of
knowledge. Ontologies are used by people, databases, and applications that
need to share domain information (a domain is just a specific subject area or
area of knowledge, like medicine.)
• Designed for use by applications that need to process the content of
information instead of just presenting information to humans.
Difference between Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and
Web 3.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0

The web The social web The semantic web

Company focus Community focus Individual focus

Read only web Read and write web Read write and execute web

Information sharing interaction immersion

Home pages Blogs/wikis Live-streams/waves

Ownig content Sharing content Consolidating content

HTML/Portals XML / RSS RDF / RDFS / OWL