Differential Equations and Probability Problems
Differential Equations and Probability Problems
di
JAns, 2Xdx (uly 202L mark)
dy
(36) Find the integrating factor (1. E) of the diffterential equatione
(Ans. L.F, - e] uly 2021, 2024)(1 marki
då
(37) Solve the differential equation : (4x+y +1 |Ann,tn- x*d hay 2021,(3 marka)
(38) Aparticle is moving along X-axis. Its acceleration at time t is proportional to its velocity atthattime,
Find the differential equation of the motion of the porticle. Ans.k (March 2024/(1 marl)
(39) Solve: 1+cosec(x+ u): put x+yu.
dx
Ans. x+ cos(x ) c 0 | (Murch 2024)(2 markaj
(40) Solve the diferential equation: x y t x*sin0 |Ans. x (March 224|(3 marka)
X
dr
(41) Find the particular solution of: r t cose 5 at r v2 and 0- 0.
(Ans. +sin0- 50-1| Muly 2024)(2 markn)
sin'0
(42) Solve the differential equation: dr +(2 reot6 +sin 20) de - 0 |Ans, rsin 0 (huly 2024)(3 marks)
dñ
(44) Solve the differential equation: Xy |Ans. sincx (Feb. 2025)(3 marka)
(45) If a body cools from 80°C to 50°C at room termperature of 25°C in 30 minutes,
find the temperature of the body after 1 hour. |Ans. 0 36.36"C] (Feb. 2025)(4 marks)
7. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
(1) The time (in minutes) for a lab assistant to prepare the equipment for a certain experimernt is a randorn variable X
taking values between 25 and 35 minutes with p.d.f.
1
10 25 Sxs 35
0, otherwise
What is the probability that preparation time exceeds 33 minutes ? Also find the c.d.f. of X.
X- 25
Ans.
10 (March 2013)(3 marks)
(2) random variable X - NO, 1). Find PX > 0) and P(X <0)
A Ans. 0.5, 0.5] (Oct. 2013) (2 marks)
(3) The probability distribution of X, the number of defects per 10 metres of a fabric is given by
2 3 4
PX 0.45 0.35 0.15 0.03 0.02
Find the variance of X. Ans, 0.8676) (Ot. 2013; March 2019) (3 marks)
(4) The probability mass function (p.m.£) of X is given below:
X-x
2 2
P(X 4 5 5 5
Find E(X). Ans. (March 2014) (2 marks)
(5) A random variable X has the following distribution :
3 4 5 6
P(X= k 3k 5k 7k 9k 11A 3k
(a) Find k, (b) Find P(0 <X<4) (c) Obtain the cumulative distribution function (c.d.) of X.
1
|Ans. (a) 49(b) 4gl
15 (March 2014) (4 marks)
khum of ueycies each of which must be processed through
requires 6 hours on120 hours available and machine B has machines A and B. Machine
and 10 hours on machine machine Aand 3 hours on maximum of 180 hours available. Manufacturing a bicycle
B. machine B. Manufacturing atricycle requires 4 hours on machine A
pronts are l80 a bicycle end 220 for a tricvele
and tricycles thattorshould be manufactured in orderformulate and solve the L.P.P. to determine the
to maximize the profit. number of bicycies
(8) Minimize Z = 7x+ y (Ans. Zmux 5100 at (10,15)] (uly 2017) (4 marks)
Subject to 5x+ yz5, x+ y23, x2 0,
(9) Solve the following L. P. P. y20. |Ans. Z,in 5 at (0,5)| (March 2018) (4 marks)
using graphical method:
Minimise :z-8x+ 10y
ubject to 2x+ y7, 2x+ 3y2 15, y2, x>0, y20
|Ans. Z,in 52 at4) (July 2019, Oct. 2021, March 2022) (4 marks)
10) Solve the following linear programming
problem:
mize: Z= 150x +250y
ct to; 4x+ ys 40, 3x +2ys 60, x2 0, yz0. (Merch 2020) (4 marks)
|Ans. Zmax= 7500 at (0, 30)]
e the L. P. P. by graphical method:
1inimize, z=4x+ 3y
Subject to 3x + ys 15, 3x +4ys 24, x>0, y0 |Ans. Zmay = 25 at (4, 3)| July 2022) (4 marks)
22) Solve the following inequations graphically and write the corner points of the feasible region :
2x+ 3ys6, x+y 2, x2 0, y 2 0 (Ans. A(3, 0), B (0, 2), c(2, 0)] (March 2023) (2 marks)
(13) Solve the linear programming problen by graphical method.
Maximize : z=3x+ 5y
Subject to: x+ 4ys 24, 3x+ ys 21, x+ ys9 and x>0, y20.
Also find maximnum value of z. [Ans. zmay =37 at (4, 5)] (March 2019; July 2023; Feb. 2025) (4 marks)
tve the following L. P.P by graphical method:
ximize : z= 10x+ 25y
Subject to: 0sxs 3, 0 sys 3, x+ ys5.
Also find the maximum value of z. Ans. z,muy95 at (2, 3)] (March 2013, 2024) (4 marks)
(15) Afrm manufactures two products Aand Bon which profit earned per unit are 3 and 4 respectively. Each product
The product Arequires one minute of processing time on machine M, and
is processed on two machines M, and M,.
two minutes on machine M,, while the product B requires one minute on M, and one minute on M,. Machine M, is
the
available for use not more than 450 minutes, while M, is available for 600 minutes during any working day. Find
maximum profit.
number of units of products A and B to be manufactured to get
of product B= 4501 kJuly 2024) (4 marks)
[Ans. Number of units of product A = 0, Number of units
R7) Ify- (x+ 12, then prove that ds (Oct. 2021) (3 marks)
104) Ify-f(u) is a differentiable function of uand u= gl is a differentiable function of xsuch that the composite
dy dydu
function y= fal is a differentiable function of xthen prove that dy du dx
dy
Hence findify Vx +5 |Ans. T5lO. 2021) (4 marks)
Hence find the derivative of the inverse of function y= 2r- 6x. JAns. Glg-y 2023 (4 marka)
då sec²x dy at x= 0
(45) Vtanx tan x+ vtan .x .. then show that d2u-I Find
[Ans. -1) (March 2023) (3 marks)
(March 2023) (4 marks)
(461 ly cos(m cosx then show that ( 1 - x ) m ' y -0.
dx
one-one. onto a n d 0 o n I,
147) iyfx) is a differentiable function of x on an inteval Land uis da
-1
dy where. d
1 (July 2023) (4 marks)
de-(cot- x) - 1+x2
then prove that 0. Hence prove that
dy dx
dx
(48) Findify- (ogx [Ans. dy - (logslog
logx
(log4) (March 2024) (2 marka)
(49) If y sinx, then show that:(1-) dy dy 0 (March 2024) (3 marks)
dx
(50) lfx fAt and y g() are differentiable functions of t, so that y is function of xand 0 then prove that
dt
dy
dt
dy
Hence find ifx= at', y=2at. |Ans. - (March 2024) (4 marks)
t
-1
S Bindify= tan |Ans. (huly 2024) (3 marks)
dx 2/9-+l
(52) Ify -fu is a differentiable function of uand u- gg is differentiable
dy
function
då
ofduxsuch that the composite
functiony= flgl] is a differentiable function of xthen prove that:
dx du dx
1 1
Hence find
sin
inx
|Ans. -(sins cosx July 2024) (4 marks)
yj-(n-1
(53) Find the nh order derivative of log x. |Ans.h (Feb. 2025) (3 marks)
(54) Ifx- fit) andy= git) are differentiable functions of tsuch that yis a function of xandi f
dt0
dy
dt
dy 7-log7
Hence find the derivative of 7 w.r.t. x'.(Ans. 76)1
then prove thatdr dx (Feb. 2025|(4 marks)
dt
2 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
(1) Find the approximate value of V8.95. |Ans. 2.9917] (March 2013/ (2 marks)
(2) The surface area of a spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of 2cm² / sec. At what rate is the volume of the
balloon is increasing when the radius of the balloon is 6 cm ?
|Ans. 6 cm'/sec.] (March [Link] 2019)(4 marks)
(3) Find the approximate value of tan (1.001) marks)
|Ans. 0.005) (Oct. 2013) (3
Summary of Board Questions
tetuo coins are tossed simultaneously, write the 215
probability distribution of the number of heads
[Ans. X 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 4
(31) Find k, iff( kx(1-x), for O<*< 1 (March 2024) (2 marks)
-0 otherwise
is the p.d.f of random variable X.
[Ans. k - 12) (March 2024) (3 marks)
132) The probability distribution of Xis as follows:
X=x 1 3
P[X= x 0. 2k 2k
Find (a) k (b) AX< 2) |Ans. (a) k= 0.15 (b) 0.25) July 2024)(2 marks)
(33) Suppose thatX is waiting time in minute for a bus and its p.d.f. is given by
1
for 0 sxs5
5
0 otherwise.
Eind the probability that: (0) waiting time is between 1 to 3 minutes
2
() waiting time is more than 4 minutes. (Ans. () 5 (i)l (Peb. 2025) (2 marks)
(34) Three coins are tossed simultaneously, X is the number of heads. Find the expected value and variance of X.
|Ans. E() = 1.5, V() =0.75] (Feb. 2025) (3 marks)
8. BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
(1) An insurance agent insures lives of 5 men, all of the same age and in good health. The probability that a man of this
is known to [Link] the probability that in the next 30 ycars at most 3 men will
age will survive the next 30 years 3
(March 2013) (3 marks)
survive. Ans. 0.5391]
Find the probability that exactly 2 of
(2) The probability that a certain kind of component will survive a check test is 0.6.
the next 4 tested components survive. Ans. 0.3456] (March 2013) (3 marks)
recovered is 0.5. Find the probability that of
(3) The probability that a person who undergoes a kidney operation will be
the 6 patients who undergo similar operations:
(a) none will recover. (b) half of them will recover. Ans. (a) 0.015675, (b) 0. 3135]/Oct. 2013) (3 marks)
of p. [Ans. 0.8) (March 2014) (2 marks)
(4) Given that X- B(n = 10, p), if E(X)-8, find the value
heads at least once.
(5) A fair coin is tossed 8 times. Find the probability that it shows
|Ans. 0.9960] (March 2014) (3 marks)
that exactly
that e
Find the probabiy
(6) The probability that a certain kind of component will survive a check test is 0.5.
[Ans. 0.375) (Oct. (2 marks)
two of the next four components tested will survive.
(7) Given X- B(n, p). If n= 20, E(X) 10, find p, Var. (X) and S.D. (X).
1 (Oct. 2014)(3 marks)
|Ans.p V X ) - 5 , S.D. (X)-V5]
probability that it shows exactly three times head.5
(8) Afair coin is tossed five times. Find the (March 2015) (2marks)
|Ans. 16
find the value of n.
(9) Given X- B(n, p). If EX)=6, and Var(X) = 4.2, p= 0.3|(Oct 2015, July 2016,
March 2019, 2022 (2 marks)
Ans. n = 20, is correct. A
choice examination has four choices, only one of which
in a multiple answered correctily.
a0) Each of the total five questions the answer. The random variable x is the number of questions 0.7627] Oet. 2015/(3 marks)
student 1s attempting to guess student wvill give atleast one correct answer ? Ans.
wnat is the probability
that the
least 800 hours is 0.9, find
the probabilities that
has a useful life of at (0.9)=0.1345|
fluorescent light hours. [Given:
the probability that a 2 will not have a useful life of at least 800 khuly 2016(3
marks)
among 20 such lights at least |Ans. 0.60908] exactly *w
probability that out of 10 bombs dropped, 20172 marks)
bomb will hita target is 0,8, Find the JAns. 0. 1376] (March
e probatbility that a
hit the target. 2017/ (3 marks)
Find the probability that it shows heads. (b) 0.99609) (Afarch
times.
0) ATair coin is tossed 8
0.2187
(Ans. (a)
(a) exactly 5 times (b) at least once.
216 UTTAM'S XIl Mathematics (Sci.) Papers with Solution
(14) Given X - B[n, p). Ifn= 10 and p= 0.4, find EX) and var. (X).
JAns. E(X) = 4, V(OX)- 2.4] (July 2017, March 2018) (2 marks)
families are interviewed at random, find the probability
(15) Suppose that 80% of all families own a television set. If 5two
that (a) three families own a television set. (b) at least families own a television set.
|Ans. (a) 0.2048, (b) 0.99328] July 20177 (3 marks)
(16) A fair coin is tossed 9 times. Find the probability that it shows head exactly 5 times.
JAns. 0.246](March 2018) (3 marks)
(17) Suppose that 80% of all families own a television set. If 10 families are interviewed at random, find the probability
that at most three families own a television set.
[Ans. 0.00086] July 2018) (3 marks)
(18) Suppose that 80% of all families own a television set. If 10 farnilies are interviewed at random, find the probability
that seven families own a television set. (Ans. 0.2013| (July 2019) (3 marks)
of six
(19) The probabilty that a person undergoes a kidney operation will recover is 0.7. Find the probability that
patients who undergo similar operations half of them will recover. JAns. 0.1852] (July 2019) (3 mark)
(20) If NX-B(n, p) and n= 10, E(X) = 5, then find the value of p. |Ans. p-March 2020) (1 mark)
(21) Afair coin is tossed 8 times. Find the probability that: 255
1
Ans. (i) D5E/March 202O) (4 marks)
() it shows no head. (ii) it shows head at least once. 256 (i)
(22) Ifa fair coin is tossed 10 times, find the probability of getting
(i) exactly six heads (ü) at least six heads.
105 ()93 (Oct. 2021) (3 marks)
JAns. (0) 512
(23) Ifa fair coin is tossed 10 times, find the probability of gettingat most six heads. |Ans. al (March 2022) (3 marks)
(24) It is known that 10% of certain articles manufactured are defective. What is the probatbility that in a random
22 x 93 (huly 2022) (3 marks)
sample of 12 such articles 9 articles are defective? [Ans.0.1
(25) Adie is thrown 6 times. If 'getting an odd number' is a success, find the probability
7
of at least 5 successes.
[Ans. (March 2023) (3 marks)
(26) Given that X - B(n, p). Ifp = 0.6 and EX)-0.6, find n and Varx).
[Ans. n- 10, Var(x- 2.4] (uly 2023) (2 marks)
(27) Ten eggs are drawn successively with replacement from a lot of containing 10% defective eggs.
Find the probability that there is atleast one defective egg. [Ans. P(X 2 1) =1- Touly 2023) (3 marlks)
(28) A die is thrown 6 times, if 'getting an odd nunber' is success, find the probability of 5 successes.
|Ans. P(X -5)-l (March 2024) (3 marks)
(29) Let x- B10, 0.2), Find(a) P(X- 1)(b) PäX2 1). [Ans. (a) 2(0.8)° (b) 1- (0.8)1o] July 2024) (3 marks)
(30) Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability
that: (i) all the five cards are spades
(6) none is spade. |Ans. (i) oa (i) (Feb, 20251 (3 marks)
200 UTTAM's XII Mathematics (Sci.) Papers with Solution
(22) Ifyfug is a differentiable function of x, such that inverse function of xf()exists, then prove that xis a
PX= ) k 2k 3k 4k 5k
(12) The following is the p.d.f. (Probability Density Function) ofa continuous random variable X:
X
fx) 0<x<8
32
- 0 , otherwise
(a) Find the expression for c.d.f. (Cumulative Distribution Function) of X.
x
(b) Also find its value at x= 0,5 and 9. [Ans. (a) f(x) =xe R (b) 1yMarch 2016) (4 marks)
certain type is
(13) The probability mass function for X= number of major defects in a randomly selected appliance of a
X=x 2 3 4
P(X =) 8
1 3
8
3
8
|Ans. V(X) sD. (March 2018) (4 marks)
UTTAM's XII Mathematics (Sci.) Papers with Solution
214
(16) Find kif the function fx) is defined by :
flx) kx(l -x) for 0<x<1
=0 otherwise,
X. Also find P X<.
is the probability density function (p.d.f) of arandom variable (r.v)
[Ans. k-6, PX<-1 (July 2018)(4 marks)
(July 2018) (2 marks)
the number of sixes in two tosses of a fair die.
(17) Obtain the probability distribution of
(p.d.f) of X, find: () P(X < 1), (ü) P|X] < 1) if
(18) For the followving probability density function
-3<x<3
18
Ans. (i) 0.5185, (ii) 0.03703] (March 2019) (3 marks)
otherwise
(19) The p.d.f. of continuous random variable X is given by
0<x<4
-0 , otherwise 7
1 5 (July 2019) (3 marks)
Find (i) P(Xs2) (ii) P(2< Xs 3) (ii) P(X > 3) |Ans. () ( ()
probability mass function is:
(20) Find expected value of the random variable X whose
X-x 1 2 3
1 2
2 |Ans. EX) - 2.2] (March 2020) (2 marks)
5 5
Find () the value of k (i) P(2 < X<4) (iii) P(X 2 3) [Ans. () T ()() (Oct. 2021/ (3 marks)
X.
(24) Two dice are thrown simultaneously. IfX denotes the number of sixes, find the expectation of
|Ans. E(X) - 1 (March 2022) (3 marks)
(25) Ina meeting 70% of the members favour and 30%% opPpose a certain proposal. A member is selected at random and
E[X) and Var(X).
we take X= 0 if he opposes, and X= 1 ifhe is in favour. Find
[Ans. E(X) =0.7, VX) - 0.21] July 2022) (2 marks)
(26) Find expected value and variance of X, where Xis number obtained on the uppermost face when a fair die is thrown.
|Ans. E(X) - 3.5, VX) =2.92) (July 2022) (3 marks)
(27) Find the mnean of number randomly selected from 1 to 15. [Ans. 8] (March 2023) (2 marks)
(28) For the following probability density function of a random variable X, find (a) P (X< 1) and (b) P(|X> 1.
x+2
18 ,for-2 <x<4
,otherwise |Ans. (a) (March 2023) (3 marks)
(29) The probability distribution of Xis as follows:
12 3 4
POX x)0.1 K 2K 2K K
marks)
Find (i) K (ü) PX< 2) (ii) P(X 2 3) |Ans.: (i) 0.15 (i) 0.25 (ii) 0,45] July 2023) (3