Scribd
Upload
39 views4 pages

LAB 11 Counters

The document outlines a lab focused on designing and verifying 4-bit synchronous and asynchronous counters using JK/T flip-flops. It explains the theory behind counters, differentiating between asynchronous and synchronous types, and details the tasks to be completed during the lab. The lab aims to provide practical experience with counter circuits and their counting sequences.

Uploaded by

bshwjbdhshdb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views4 pages

LAB 11 Counters

The document outlines a lab focused on designing and verifying 4-bit synchronous and asynchronous counters using JK/T flip-flops. It explains the theory behind counters, differentiating between asynchronous and synchronous types, and details the tasks to be completed during the lab. The lab aims to provide practical experience with counter circuits and their counting sequences.

Uploaded by

bshwjbdhshdb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LAB 11

LAB TITLE: COUNTERS

OBJECTIVES:
 To Design and verify the 4- Bit Synchronous/ Asynchronous Counter using JK/T flip
flop.

EQUIPMENT /TOOL:
Hardware: Counter Training Kit
Software: Digital works or Logic Gate Simulator Application7404, 7400, 7432,
7408, 7402
THEORY:

Counters:
A counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular
event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Counters are used in digital
electronics for counting purpose, they can count specific event happening in the circuit. For
example, in UP counter a counter increases count for every rising edge of clock.
Counters are broadly divided into two categories:
 Asynchronous counter
 Synchronous counter

Asynchronous counter
In asynchronous counter we don’t use universal clock, only first flip flop is driven by main clock
and the clock input of rest of the following flip flop is driven by output of previous flip flops. We
can understand it by following diagram.

It is evident from timing diagram that Q0 is changing as soon as the rising edge of clock pulse is
encountered, Q1 is changing when rising edge of Q0 is encountered (because Q0 is like clock
pulse for second flip flop) and so on. In this way ripples are generated through Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3
hence it is also called RIPPLE counter.

Decade Counters: Decade counters count 10 different states starting from 0000 to 1001 i.e from
decimal 0 to 9. It is also known as BCD counter or MOD 10 counter.

Synchronous Counter

Unlike the asynchronous counter, synchronous counter has one global clock which drives each
flip flop so output changes in parallel. The one advantage of synchronous counter over
asynchronous counter is, it can operate on higher frequency than asynchronous counter as it does
not have cumulative delay because of same clock is given to each flip flop.
(c) Synchronous
counter

Asynchronous MOD 10/DECADE/BCD Counter


OBSERVATIONS:
TASK1: Synchronous 4 Bit up-counter
Draw circuit diagram of 4-bit asynchronous up counter as shown in the above diagram and
observe the counting sequence.

TASK 2: Asynchronous 4 Bit up-counter


Draw circuit diagram of 4-bit synchronous up counter as shown in the above diagram and
observe the counting sequence.

TASK 3: Asynchronous Decade (MOD -10) counter


Draw circuit diagram of 4-bit synchronous up counter as shown in the above diagram and
observe the counting sequence.

DISCUSSION:

CONCLUSION:

You might also like