Solution

VOLUME 1 TEST (2024-25) SET A (DUPLICATE)

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(b) 0
Explanation: ∵ |A| = 4, |B| = 5 so there does not exist.
one-one and onto ∵ |B| > |A| so it is not onto.
So, 0 is correct option.
2. (a) neither one-one nor onto
Explanation: f(x) = 2 + x2
For one-one, f(x1) = f(x2)
2 2
⇒ 2 + x = 2 + x
1 2

2 2
⇒ x = x
1 2

⇒ x1 = ± x2

⇒ x1 = x2
or x1 = -x2
Thus, f(x) is not one-one.
For onto
Let f(x) = y such that y ∈ R
∴ x2 = y - 2
−−−−
⇒ x = ± √y − 2

Put y = -3, we get

−−−−−− −
−−
⇒ x = ± √−3 − 2 = ± √−5

3. (a) A = (−∞, 3] and B = (−∞, 1]

Explanation: Given that f : A → B defined by f(x) = -x2 + 6x - 8 is a bijection.
f(x) = -x2 + 6x - 8
⇒ f(x) = -(x2 - 6x + 8)
⇒ f(x) = - (x2 - 6x + 8 + 1 - 1)
⇒ f(x) = - (x2 - 6x + 9 - 1)
⇒ f(x) = - [(x - 3)2 - 1]
Hence, x ∈ (−∞, 3] and f (x) ∈ (−∞, 1]
4. (a) −π

Explanation: Let the principle value be given by x

also, let x = sin-1 (
−1
)
2

−1
⇒ sin x =
2

π π 1
⇒ sin x = -sin ( 6
) (∵ sin(
6
) =
2
)

⇒ sin x = sin (− π

6
) (∵ − sin(θ) = sin(−θ))

⇒ x=− π

5.
(b) [0, π] − { π

2
}

Explanation: [0, π] − { π

2
}

6.
(c) { -1 ,1}
Explanation: Since, Domain of sin −1
x is [ -1,1 ] and domain of sec −1
x is R - ( -1,1 ), Df = { -1,1 }.

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 7. (a) BA
Explanation: The given matrices are
2 1 3 1 −2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

A= ⎢ 3 −2 1⎥,B= ⎢2 1⎥ ,and C = [1 2 6]
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
−1 0 1 4 3

The order of A is 3 × 3, order of B is 3 × 2 and order of C is 1 × 3.

∴ CA, AB and CB are all defined.

But BA is not defined as number of columns in B is not equal to the number of rows in A.
8.
α or different real number for i = j
(b) aij = {
0 for i ≠ j

∣α 0 0 ∣ ∣1 0 0∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
Explanation: A = 0 α 0 and B = 0 2 0
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣0 0 α∣ ∣0 0 3∣

A and B are both diagonal matrix.

7 −5
9. (a) [ ]
1 5

Explanation: Given that,

4 −3
(A + B) = [ ] ...(i)
1 6

−2 −1
(A − B) = [ ] ...(ii)
5 2

4 −3 −2 −1
(i) + (ii) ⇒ 2A = [ ]+ [ ]
1 6 5 2

2 −4
⇒ 2A = [ ]
6 8

Dividing the matrix by 2

1 −2
⇒ A= [ ]
3 4

4 −3 −2 −1
(i) − (ii) ⇒ 2B = [ ]− [ ]
1 6 5 2

6 −2
⇒ 2B = [ ]
−4 4

Dividing the matrix by 2

3 −1
⇒ B = [ ]
−2 2

1 −2 3 −1
A× B= [ ]× [ ]
3 4 −2 2

1 × 3 + (−2) × (−2) (1) × (−1) + (−2) × (2)

= [ ]
3 × 3 + 4 × (−2) 3 × (−1) + 4 × 2

7 −5
= [ ]
1 5

10. (a) Kn-1 Adj. A

Explanation: Adj. (KA) = Kn-1 Adj.A, where K is a scalar and A is a n × n matrix.
11.
(c) |A|6
Explanation: If A is a non singular matrix of order 3, then |adj(A3)| = (|A3|)2 = (|AAA|)2 = (|A| |A| |A|)2 = (|A|3)2 = |A|6 .
12.
(c) -1, 11

Explanation: -1, 11

13.
(b) 1

Explanation: Given that y = tan-1 (sec x + tan x)

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 1+sin x
Hence, y = tan −1
(
cos x
)

Using cos x = cos 2 x

2
− sin
2 x

2
, sin x = 2 sin x

2
cos
x

2
and cos 2
θ + sin
2
θ =1
x 2
x
2 x 2 x x x ⎛ (cos 2 + sin ) ⎞
cos + sin +2 sin cos 2

Hence, y = tan −1 2 2 2 2 −1 ⎜
( ) = tan ⎟
2
x 2 x ⎜ x x x x ⎟
cos − sin (cos −sin )(cos +sin )
2 2
⎝ 2 2 2 2 ⎠

x
x
⎛ cos 2 + sin ⎞
−1 2
⇒ y = tan x x
cos −sin
⎝ 2 2 ⎠

Dividing by cos x

2
in numerator and denominator, we obtain
x
1+tan
−1 2
y = tan x
1−tan
2

1+tan x
Using tan( π

4
+ x) =
1−tan x
, we obtain
−1 π x π x
y = tan tan( + ) = +
4 2 4 2

Differentiating with respect to x, we

dy 1
=
dx 2

14.
(b) f ‘(x) exists for all x
Explanation: Since [x − π] is an integer for all x ∈ R & tan nπ = 0 ∀ n ∈ I .Therefore, f(x)= 0 for all x in R. So, f(x) is
a constant and hence derivatives of f(x) of all order exist.
15.
(b) 2

3x

Explanation: Let u = x2 and v = x3

On differentiating u and v w.r.t. x, we get
du

dx
= 2x and dv

dx
= 3x2
du

∴
du

dv
= dx

dv
= 2x

2
= 2

3x
3x
dx

16.
(c) 1

Explanation: Given f(x) = x25(1 - x)75

f'(x) = x25. 75(1 - x)74(-1)+(1 - x)75. 25x24
= 25x24(1 - x)74{-3x + (1-x)}
= 25x24(1 - x)74(1 - 4x)
For maximum value of f(x) we have f'(x) = 0
⇒ 25x24(1 - x)74(1 - 4x) = 0
⇒ x = 0, x = 1, x=
1

All the values of x ∈ [0,1]

75

Note that f(0) = f(1) = 0 and f( ) = 1

4
3

100
4

So, f(x) is maximum at x = 1

17.
(c) a − 3b + 15 < 0
2

Explanation: a − 3b + 15 < 0
2

18.
(c) 4

27

Explanation: Here,it is given function ff(x) = (x - 2) (x - 3)2

f(x) = (x - 2) (x2 - 6x + 9)
f(x) = x3 - 8x2 + 21x + 18
f'(x) = 3x2 - 16x + 21

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 f''(x) = 6x - 16
For maximum or minimum value f'(x) = 0
∴ 3x2 - 9x - 7x + 21 = 0
⇒ 3x(x - 3) - 7(x - 3) = 0
7
⇒ x = 3 or x =
3

f''(c) at x = 3
∴ f''(x) = 2

f''(x) > 0 it is decreasing and has minimum value at x = 3

at x = 7

f'' (x) = -2
f''(x) < 0 it is increasing and has maximum value at x = 7

Putting, x = 7

3
in f(x) we obtain,
2
7 7
⇒ ( − 2) ( − 3)
3 3

2
1 −2
= ( )( )
3 3

4
=
27

19.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion is false because every function is not invertible. The function which is one-one and onto i.e. bijective
functions are invertible so reason is true.
20.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Assertion (A): All trigonometric functions have their inverses over their respective domains. (false)
As all trigonometric functions are periodic functions and hence manyone functions. Therefore trigonometric functions are not
invertible over their respective domains.

Reason (R): The inverse of tan-1 x exists for some x ∈R ( true)

Section B
21. i. For (a, a), a < a3 which is false. ∴ R is not reflexive.
ii. For (a, b), a < b3 and (b, a), b > a3 which is false. ∴R is not symmetric.
iii. For a < b2 b < c3. Now b < c3 implies b3 < c9
Thus, we get a < c9, therefore (a,c) does not belong to R and hence R is not transitive.
Therefore, R is neither reflexive, nor symmetric and nor transitive.
22. Principal value branch of cot-1 x is (0, π ) and its graph is shown below.

23. Matrix A is symmetric ⇒ x2 = 6 - 5x

x2​+ 5x - 6 = 0 ⇒
∴ ​ (x + 6)(x - 1) = 0 ∴ x = -6, 1
24. We know that,

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 ∣ x1 y1 1∣
∣ ∣
1
Area of a triangle = 2
∣ x2 y2 1∣
∣ ∣
∣ x3 y3 1∣

∣ −8 −2 1∣
1 ∣ ∣
= −4 −6 1
2 ∣ ∣
∣ −1 5 1∣

Expanding with R3
1
= [(−20 − 6) − (−40 − 2) + (48 − 8)]
2

1
= [−26 + 42 + 40]
2

56
=
2

= 28 sq. units
25. Here,
2 3
y = x + 1
3

Differentiating both sides with respect to t,

dy
2 dx
⇒ = 2x
dt dt

dx dy
2 dx dx
⇒ 2 = 2x [∵ = 2 ]
dt dt dt dt

⇒ x = ±1

Substituting the value of x = 1 and x= -1 in y = 2

3
x3 + 1, we get
5 1
⇒ y = and y =
3 3

5 1
So , the points are (1, 3
) and (−1,
3
)

OR
Given: f(x) = x |x| , x ∈ R
Case1: When x > 0
2
f (x) = x|x| = x(x) = x

′
⇒ f (x) = 2x ≥ 0, ∀ x ≥ 0

So, f(x) is increasing for x >0

Case2: When x < 0
2
f (x) = x|x| = x(−x) = −x

′
⇒ f (x) = −2x ≥ 0, ∀ x < 0

So, f (x) is increasing for x < 0

Hence f (x) is increasing for x ∈ R
Section C
26. Given, f (x) = x
1

For one-one Let x1, x2 ∈ R, such that f(x1) = f(x2)

⇒
1

x1
=
1

x2
[put x1 and x2 in f(x) = 1

x
]
⇒ x1 = x2
So,f is one-one
For onto Let y ∈ R be any arbitrary element.
Then, y = f(x)
1
⇒ y =
x
1
⇒ x =
y
[expressing x in terms of y]
It is clear that for every y ∈ R(codomain), x ∈ R(domain)
Thus, for each y ∈ R(codomain), there exist
1 1 1
x =
y
∈ R (domain), such that f (x) = f ( y
) =
1
= y
( )
y

[i.e., every element of codomain has pre-image in domain]

So, f is onto.
OR
Let f(x1) = f(x2)
x1 x2
⇒ =
1+x1 2 1+x2 2

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 ⇒ x1 + x1x22 = x2 + x12x2
⇒ (x1 - x2)(1 - x1x2) = 0
for x1 = x2, x1 = x2
1
as x1 ≠ x2
⇒ f is not one-one.i.e. f(x) is many one
Let x ∈ R such that f(x) = y
⇒ y =
x

1+x2

y + x2y = x
x2y - x + y = 0
2
1± √1−4y

⇒ x= 2y
(y ≠ 0) .
[For y = 0 ∈ [− 1

2
,
1

2
] , we have 0 ∈ R such that f(0) = 0]
x ≠ 0, x ∈ R
⇒ 1 - 4y2 ≥ 0, y ≠ 0
⇒
1

4
≥ y2
y ≤ ±
1

2
, y ∈ [− 1

2
,
1

2
] - {0}.
Also, y = 0 when x = 0
∴ Range = [− , ] = Codomain
1 1

2 2

∴ f is onto.
27. Let us consider tan-1(1) = x then we obtain
tan x = 1 = tan π

We know that range of the principle value branch of tan-1 is [− π

2
,
π

2
]

Thus, tan-1 (1) =

π

Let cos −1
(−
1

2
)= y

cos y = − 1

2
= cos(π −
π

3
) = cos(
2π

3
)

We know that range of the principle value branch of cos-1 is [0, π ]

Thus, cos (− ) = −1 1

2
2π

Let sin-1 (− 1 ) = 2
z

π π
sin z = − sin = sin(− )
6 6

We know that range of the principle value branch of sin-1 is [−

π π
, ]
2 2

Thus, sin-1 (− 1 ) = 2
−
π

Now,we have
−1 −1 1 1
tan (1) + cos (− ) + sin(− )
2 2
π 2π π 3π+8π−2π 9π 3π
= 4
+
3
−
6
=
12
=
12
=
4

28. We know that any square matrix A can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric matrix and skew-symmetric matrix, i.e.
′ ′ ′ ′
A+A A−A A+A A−A
A=
2
+
2
, where 2
and 2
are symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, respectively.
2 4 −6
⎡ ⎤
Given, A = ⎢ 7 3 5⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 −2 4

2 7 1
⎡ ⎤

∴ A = ⎢
′
4 3 −2 ⎥ [interchanging the elements of rows and columns]
⎣ ⎦
−6 5 4
1
Now, let P =
2
(A + A )
′

⎧⎡ 2
⎪
4 −6
⎤ ⎡
2 7 1 ⎫
⎤⎪
1
= ⎨⎢ 7 3 5⎥ + ⎢ 4 3 −2 ⎥⎬
2
⎩
⎪⎣ ⎭
⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎪
1 −2 4 −6 5 4
11 5

⎡ 2 − ⎤
4 11 −5 2 2
⎡ ⎤
1 ⎢ 11 3 ⎥
= ⎢ 11 6 3 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 ⎥
2 ⎢ 2 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
5 3
−5 3 8 ⎣− ⎦
4
2 2

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 and Q = 1

2
(A − A )
′

⎧ 2 4 −6 2 7 1 ⎫
⎪⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎪
1
= ⎨⎢ 7 3 5⎥ − ⎢ 4 3 −2 ⎥⎬
2
⎩
⎪⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎭
⎦⎪
1 −2 4 −6 5 4
3 7

0 −3 −7 ⎡ 0 −
2
−
2
⎤
⎡ ⎤
1 ⎢ 3 7 ⎥
= ⎢3 0 7 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 ⎥
2 ⎢ 2 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
7 −7 0 7 7
⎣ − 0 ⎦
2 2
11 −5
⎡ 2 ⎤
2 2

⎢ 3 ⎥
Obviously, here P ′
= ⎢
11

2
3
2
⎥ = P
⎢ ⎥
−5 3
⎣ 4 ⎦
2 2
3 7
⎡ 0 ⎤
2 2

⎢ −3 −7 ⎥
and ′
Q = ⎢ 0 ⎥ = −Q
⎢ 2 2 ⎥
−7 7
⎣ 0 ⎦
2 2

Therefore, P is symmetric matrix and Q is a skew-symmetric matrix.

1 1
Now, P + Q =
2
(A + A ) +
′

2
(A − A )
′

11 5 3 7
⎡ 2 − ⎤ ⎡ 0 − − ⎤
2 2 2 2

⎢ 11 3 ⎥ ⎢ 3 7 ⎥
= ⎢ 3 ⎥ +⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 2 2 ⎥ ⎢ 2 2 ⎥
5 3 7 7
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
− 4 − 0
2 2 2 2

2 4 −6
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢7 3 5⎥ = A
⎣ ⎦
1 −2 4

Therefore, matrix A is expressed as the sum of symmetric matrix and skew-symmetric matrix.
3 −1 1 1 2 −2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

29. Given: A −1
= ⎢ −15 6 −5 ⎥ and B = ⎢ −1 3 0 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
5 −2 2 0 −2 1

Since, (AB)-1 = B-1A-1 [Reversal law] .....(i)

∣ 1 2 −2 ∣
∣ ∣
Now |B| = −1 3 0
∣ ∣
∣ 0 −2 1 ∣

= 1(3 - 0) - 2(-1 - 0) + (-2)(2 - 0) = 3 + 2 - 4 = 1 = ≠ 0

Therefore, B-1 exists.
∴ B11 = 3, B12 = 1, B13 = 2 and B21 = 2, B22 = 1, B23 = 2 and B31 = 6, B22 = 2, B33 = 5

3 1 2 3 2 6
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ adj. B = ⎢ 2 1 2⎥ = ⎢1 1 2⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
6 2 5 2 2 5

3 2 6
⎡ ⎤
−1 1 1
∴ B = (adj. B) = = ⎢1 1 2⎥
|B| 1
⎣ ⎦
2 2 5

3 2 6 3 −1 1
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
−1
From eq. (i), (AB) = ⎢1 1 2 ⎥ ⎢ −15 6 −5 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
2 2 5 5 −2 2

9 − 30 + 30 −3 + 12 − 12 3 − 10 + 12
⎡ ⎤
−1
⇒ (AB) = ⎢ 3 − 15 + 10 −1 + 6 − 4 1 − 5 + 4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
6 − 30 + 25 −2 + 12 − 10 2 − 10 + 10

9 −3 5
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ −2 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 0 2
sin x
, x < 0
30. Given f (x) = { x

x + 1, x ≥ 0

When x < 0, we have

sin x
f (x) =
x

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 We know that sin x, as well as the identity function x, are everywhere continuous
So is the quotient function sin x

When x > 0, we have

f(x) = x + 1
∴ f(x) is continuous at each x > 0

We have
(LHL at x = 0) = lim f (x) = lim f (0 − h) = lim f (−h)
− h→0 h→0
x→0

sin(−h) sin(h)
= lim ( ) = lim ( ) = 1
−h h
h→0 h→0

(RHL at x = 0) = lim f (x) = lim f (0 + h) = lim f (h) = lim (h + 1) = 1

+ h→0 h→0 h→0
x→0

Also,
f(0) = 0 + 1 = 1
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0)
− +
x→0 x→0

Thus, f(x) is continuous at x = 0

Hence, f(x) is everywhere continuous.
31. Let 'a' be the side of an equilateral triangle and 'A' be the area of an equilateral triangle. Then, da

dt
= 2 cm/s
√3
We know that, area of an equilateral triangle, A = 4
2
a

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get

dA √3 da
= × 2a ×
dt 4 dt

dA √3
⇒
dt
=
4
× 2 × 20 × 2 [given, a = 20]
cm2/s
dA –
∴ = 20√3
dt

Thus, the rate of area increasing is 20√3 cm2/s

–

Section D
32. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
To promote the making of toilets for women, an organization tried to generate awareness through
i. house calls
ii. emails and
iii. announcements.
The cost for each mode per attempt is given below:

1. ₹ 50
2. ₹ 20
3. ₹ 40
The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z are given below:
(i) (ii) (iii)

X 400 300 100

Y 300 250 75

Z 500 400 150

Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is
1. 2%
2. 4%
3. 20%

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 (i) Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix.
X ⎡ 400 300 100 2/100
⎤⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

X = 40, Y = 31, Z = 56
(ii) X ⎡ 400 300 100
⎤⎡
2/100
⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

Total attempt made in all the villages = 2475

​Total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in all the three-villages = 40 + 31 + 56 = 127
The percentage of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in all the three-villages = 127
× 100 = 5.13%
2475

(iii)Let ₹A, ₹B and ₹C be the cost incurred by the organization for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C will be
given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

Cost is ₹30,000.
(iv)⎡ 400 300 100 ⎤ ⎡ 50 ⎤ ⎡
A
⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

A 20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

Hence total cost is = ₹92000

33. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Each triangular face of the Pyramid of Peace in Kazakhstan is made up of 25 smaller equilateral triangles as shown in the figure.

(i) ∣ ∣ x1 y1 1 ∣∣
∣ ∣ ∣∣
Area of triangle is given by 1
x2 y2 1
∣ 2 ∣ ∣∣
∣ ∣ x3 y3 1 ∣∣

∣ ∣0 0 1 ∣∣
–
∴ Required area = ∣ 1 ∣
3 √3 1
∣∣
∣ 2 ∣ ∣∣
–
∣ ∣3 − √3 1 ∣∣

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 – –
= ∣∣ 1

2
[1(−3√3 − 3√3)]∣
∣ [Expanding along R1]
–
=3 sq. units.
√3

(ii) Since a face of the Pyramid consist of 25 smaller equilateral triangles.

– –
∴ Required area = 25 × 3√3 = 75√3 sq. units.
(iii)Area of equilateral triangle = √3
a2
4

a2 ⇒ a2 = 12 ⇒ a = 2√3
– √3 –
∴ 3√3 = 4

Let h be the length of altitude of a smaller equilateral triangle. Then,

1 –
2
× base × height = 3√3
– –
⇒
1

2
× 2√3 × h = 3√3 ⇒ h = 3 units
(iv) ∣a 0 1∣
∣ ∣
Area of ΔABC = 1

2 ∣
0 b 1
∣
∣1 1 1∣

= 1

2
[a (b - 1) - 0 + 1 (0 - b)] = 1

2
(ab - a - b) = 0 [∵ 1

a
+
1

b
= 1 ⇒ b + a = ab]
∴ Points A, B and C are collinear.

34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

An Apache helicopter of the enemy is flying along the curve given by y = x2 + 7. A soldier, placed at (3, 7) want to shoot down
the helicopter when it is nearest to him.

(i) P(x , y ) is on the curve y = x2 + 7 ⇒ y 2

1 1 1 = x
1
+ 7

Distance from p(x 1 , x1 + 7)

2
and (3, 7)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
D = √(x 1 − 3) + (x
2
1
+ 7 − 7)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
2
⇒ √(x1 − 3) + (x )
1
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
4 2
⇒ D = √x + x − 6x1 + 9
1 1

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
(ii) D = √x 4
+ x
2
− 6x1 + 9
1 1

D' = x 4
1
+ x
2
1
− 6x1 + 9
′
dD 3
= 4x + 2x1 − 6 = 0
dx 1
′
dD 3
= 2x + x1 − 3 = 0
dx 1

⇒ (x1 - 1)(2x 1
2
+ 2x1 + 3) =0
x1 = 1 and 2x + 2x1 + 3 = 0 gives no real roots
2
1

The critical point is (1, 8).

′
(iii)
dD
= 4x + 2x − 6
3
1 1
dx
2 ′
d D 2
= 12x + 2
2 1
dx
2 ′
d D

2
] = 12 + 2 = 14 > 0
dx x1 =1

Hence distance is minimum at (1, 8).

−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
(iv)D = √x + x − 6x + 9 4 2
1
1 1

−−−−− −−−−−− –
D = √1 + 1 − 6 + 9 = √5 units​​
Section E
35. On adding

10 / 14
 2 3 2 −2
5x + 5y = [ ]+ [ ]
4 0 −1 5

4 1
5(x + y) = [ ]
3 5

4 1
(x + y) =
1

5
[ ] ------(i)
3 5

On subtracting
2 −2 2 3
x − y = [ ]− [ ] -------(ii)
−1 5 4 0

0 −5
x − y = [ ]
−5 5

Adding (i) and (ii) gives,

4 −24

5 5
2x = [ ]
−22
6
5
2 −12

5 5
x = [ ]
−11
3
5
4 1

5 5
x + y = [ ]
3
1
5

2 −12 4 1

5 5 5 5
[ ] + y = [ ]
−11 3 1
3
5 5 1

4 1 −2 12

5 5 5 5
y = [ ] + [ ]
3 11
1 −3
5 5
4 2 1 12 2 13
− +
5 5 5 5 5 5
= [ ] = [ ]
3 11 14
+ 1 − 3 −2
5 5 5

36. Let us show that x = 2 is a root of the given equation:

Putting x = 2 in the LHS, we get
∣ 2 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
2 −6 −1 =0
∣ ∣
∣ −3 4 4 ∣

∵ R1 = R2, its determinant is zero.

Hence, x = 2 is a root of the given equation.
Now, we see if there are any other roots. For this, we need to solve the equation,
∣ x −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
2 −3x x − 3 =0
∣ ∣
∣ −3 2x x + 2∣

∣x − 1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒
∣
x − 1 −3x x − 3
∣
= 0 (C1 → C1 + C3)
∣x − 1 2x x + 2∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) ∣ 1 −3x x − 3
∣
=0
∣1 2x x + 2∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) 0 −3x + 6 x − 3 + 1 = 0 (R2 → R2 - R1, R3 → R3 - R1)
∣ ∣
∣0 2x + 6 x + 2 + 1∣

∣1 −6 ∣
−1
∣ ∣
⇒ (x - 1) ∣0 −3(x − 2) x − 2∣ =0
∣ ∣
∣0 2(x + 3) x + 3∣

∣1 −6 −1 ∣

⇒ (x - 1) (x - 2) (x + 3) ∣ 0 −3 1
∣
=0
∣ ∣
∣0 2 1 ∣

⇒ (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) (-3 × 1 - 2 × 1) = 0
⇒ -5 (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 3) = 0

11 / 14
 ⇒ (x - 1) = 0, (x - 2) = 0, (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x = 1, x = 2, x = -3
OR
2 −3 5
⎡ ⎤

Given: Matrix A = ⎢ 3 2 −4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2

∣2 −3 5 ∣
∣ ∣
∴ |A| = ∣ 3 2 −4
∣
∣1 1 −2 ∣

⇒ |A| = 2(-4 + 4) - (-3)(-6 + 4) + 5(3 - 2) = 0 - 6 + 5 = -1 ≠ 0

∴ A-1 exists and A-1 = 1
(adj. A)...(i)
|A|

Now, A11 = 0, A12 = 2, A13 = 1 and A21 = -1, A22 = -9, A23 = -5 and A31 = 2, A32 = 23, A33 = 13
′
0 2 1 0 −1 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ adj. A =⎢ −1 −9 −5 ⎥ = ⎢ 2 −9 23 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
2 23 13 1 −5 13

From eq. (i),

0 −1 2 0 1 −2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

A-1 =
1
⎢2 −9 23 ⎥ = ⎢ −2 9 −23 ⎥
−1
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 −5 13 −1 5 −13

Now, Matrix form of given equations is AX = B

2 −3 5 x 11
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢3 2 −4 ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2 z −3

2 −3 5 x 11
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Here A =⎢ 3 2 −4 ⎥ , X = ⎢ y ⎥ and B =⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2 z −3

Therefore, solution is unique and X = A-1B

x 0 1 −2 11
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢ −2 9 −23 ⎥ ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
z −1 5 −13 −3

0 − 5 + 6
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ −22 − 45 + 69 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
−11 − 25 + 39

1
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢2⎥

⎣ ⎦
3

Therefore, x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3
1 1
37. ∴x = e θ
(θ +
θ
) and y = e −θ
(θ −
θ
)

dx d θ 1
∴ = [ e . (θ + )]
dθ dθ θ

θ d 1 1 d θ
= e . (θ + ) + (θ + ). e
dθ θ θ dθ

θ 1 1 θ
= e (1 − ) + (θ + )e
2 θ
θ

θ 1 1
= e (1 − + θ+ )
2 θ
θ
2 3
θ −1+ θ +θ
= e
θ
(
2
) ...(i)
θ

dy d 1
and dθ
=
dθ
[e
−θ
. (θ −
θ
)]

−θ d 1 1 d −θ
= e . (θ − ) + (θ − ). e
dθ θ θ dθ

−θ 1 1 −θ d
= e (1 + ) + (θ − )e . (−θ)
2 θ dθ
θ
2 2 2 3
θ +1 θ −1 θ +1− θ +θ
= e
−θ
[
2
−
θ
] = e
−θ
[
2
] ...(ii)
θ θ

12 / 14
 2 3
θ +1−θ +θ
−θ
e ( )
dy dy/dθ θ2
∴ = =
dx dx/dθ θ2 −1+θ3 +θ
θ
e ( )
θ2
3 2
−2θ − θ + θ +θ+1
= e ( )
3 2
θ + θ +θ−1

OR
The right hand limit of f at x = 0 is given by
1

e x −1
lim f (x) = lim
+ + 1
x→0 x→0
e x +1
1
1−
1 −1

e x 1−e x 1−0
= lim = lim = = 1
1 −1 1+0
+ 1+ +
x→0 x→0
1 1+e x

e x

Also,f(0)=0
Thus lim f (x) ≠ f (0) . Hence f is discontinuous at x = 0.
+
x→0

38. Given, the Perimeter of a triangle is 8 cm. One of the sides of the triangle is 3 cm. The area of the triangle is maximum.
Let us consider,
‘x’ and ‘y’ be the other two sides of the triangle.
Now, perimeter of the △ABC is
8=3+x+y
y=8-3-x=5-x
y = 5 - x ... (i)
Consider the Heron’s area of the triangle,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
A = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
a+b+c
Where s = 2

As perimeter = a + b + c = 8
8
s= = 4
2

Now Area of the triangle is given by

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
A = √8(8 − 3)(8 − x)(8 − y)

Now substituting (i) in the area of the triangle,

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
A = √4(4 − 3)(4 − x)(4 − (5 − x))
−−−−−−−−−−− −
A = √4(4 − x)(x − 1)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
A = √4 (4x − 4 − x + x) = √4 (5x − x − 4)
−−−−−−−−−−− −
2
A = √4 (5x − x − 4)

[squaring on both sides]

Z = A2 = 4(5x - x2 - 4) ... (ii)
For finding the maximum/ minimum of a given function, we can find it by differentiating it with x and then equating it to zero.
This is because if the function f(x) has a maximum/minimum at a point c then f’(c) = 0.
Differentiating both sides the equation (ii) with respect to x:
dZ d 2
= [4 (5x − x − 4)]
dx dx
dZ d d 2 d
= 4 (5x) − 4 (x ) − 4 (4)
dx dx dx dx

[Since dx
d n
(x ) = nx
n−1
]
dz
= 4(5) − 4(2x) − 0
dx
dZ

dx
= 20 − 8x ... (iii)
To find the critical point, we need to equate equation (iii) to zero.
dZ
= 20 − 8x = 0
dx

20 - 8x = 0
8x = 20
5
x =
2

Now to check if this critical point will determine the maximum area of the triangle, we need to check with the second differential
which needs to be negative.
Consider differentiating both sides the equation (iii) with x:
2
d Z d
= [20 − 8x]
dx2 dx

13 / 14
 2
d z

2
= −8 ... (iv)
dx

[Since d

dx
n
(x ) = nx
n−1
]
2
d z 5
As ( 2
)
5
= −8 < 0 , so the function A is maximum at x = 2
.
dx x=
2
5
Now substituting x = 2
in equation (i):
y = 5 - 2.5
y = 2.5
As x = y = 2.5, two sides of the triangle are equal,
Hence the given triangle is an isosceles triangle with two sides equal to 2.5 cm and the third side equal to 3cm.

14 / 14