SECTION B

The structure shown in Figure 2 was modelled using three plane strain triangular shaped element.

The loading and corresponding boundary conditions are shown together with the relevant material

properties provided. The node coordinates are in 𝑚𝑚.

Requirement for Section B:

Using 2D stress analysis, determine the displacement vector of node-4 due to the loads applied on
the structure and calculate the corresponding strain (𝜀 ) and stress (𝜎) vector in element (3).

Solution:

Step 1: Determine the element stiffness for element number 1,[𝑘 (1) ]

[𝑘 (1) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

Node 1,𝑥 1 , 𝑦1 =(0,0)

Node 2 ,𝑥 2 , 𝑦2 =(10,0)

Node 3,𝑥 4 , 𝑦4 =(10,10)

Figure 1: Element number 1

Page | 1
 1 0 0
2𝐴 =|1 10 0 | = (10*10) -(10*0) = 100
1 10 10

∎ Determine [𝐵 ] matrix

𝑏1 0 𝑏2 0 𝑏3 0
[𝐵 ] = 1 [ 0 𝑐1 0 𝑐2 0 𝑐3 ]
2𝐴
𝑐1 𝑏1 𝑐2 𝑏2 𝑐3 𝑏3

Where;

𝑏1 =𝑦2 − 𝑦4 =0-10= -10

𝑏2 =𝑦4 − 𝑦1 =10-0=10
𝑏3 =𝑦1 − 𝑦2 =0-0=0
𝑐1=𝑥4 − 𝑥2 =10-10=0
𝑐2=𝑥1 − 𝑥4=0-10= -10
𝑐3=𝑥2 − 𝑥1=10-0= 10
Therefore;

−10 0 10 0 0 0
1
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 0 0 −10 0 10]
100
0 −10 −10 10 10 0

−0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 0 0 −0.1 0 0.] (1)
0 −0.1 −0.1 0.1 0.1 0

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∎ Determine the [𝐷 ] matrix
For plane strain condition:
1−𝑣 𝑣 0
𝐸
[𝐷] = [ 𝑣 1− 𝑣 0 ]
(1+𝑣)(1−2𝑣) 1−2𝑣
0 0
2

E=150GPa, v=0.3
201.92 86.54 0
[𝐷] = [ 86.54 201.92 0 ] (2)
0 0 57.69

Therefore;
[𝑘 (1) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

−0.1 0 0
0 0 −0.1
201.92 86.54 0 −0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0
(1) 0.1
[𝑘 ] =2*50* 0 −0.10 −0.1 *[ ]*=[ 0
0.1 86.54 201.92 0 0 0 −0.1 0 0.]
0 0 0.1 0 0 57.69 0 −0.1 −0.1 0.1 0.1 0
[ 0 0.1 0 ]

201.9 0 −201.92 86.54 0 −86.54

0 57.69 −57.69 −57.69 −57.69 0
[𝑘 (1) ] = −201.9 57.69 −144.23 −144.23 −57.69 86.54 (3)
86.54 −57.69 259.61 259.61 57.69 −201.92
0 −57.69 57.69 57.69 57.69 0
[ −86.54 0 0 0 0 201.92 ]

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Step 2: Determine the element stiffness for element number 2,[𝑘 (2) ]

[𝑘 (2) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

Node 2,𝑥 2 , 𝑦2 = (10,0)

Node 3,𝑥 3 , 𝑦3 = (20,0)

Node 4,𝑥 4 , 𝑦4 = (10,10)

Figure 2: Element number 2

1 0 0
2𝐴 =|1 20 0 | = 100
1 10 10

∎ Determine [𝐵 ] matrix

𝑏2 0 𝑏3 0 𝑏4 0
[𝐵 ] = 1 [ 0 𝑐2 0 𝑐3 0 𝑐4 ]
2𝐴
𝑐2 𝑏2 𝑐3 𝑏3 𝑐4 𝑏4

Where;

𝑏2 =𝑦3 − 𝑦4 =0-10= -10

𝑏3 =𝑦4 − 𝑦2 =10-0=10
𝑏4 =𝑦3 − 𝑦4=0-0=0
𝑐2=𝑥4 − 𝑥3=10-20=-10
𝑐3=𝑥2 − 𝑥4=10-10= 0
𝑐4=𝑥3 − 𝑥2=20-10= 10
Therefore;

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 −10 0 10 0 0 0
1
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 −10 0 0 0 10]
100
−10 −10 0 10 10 0

−0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 −0.1 0 0 0 0.1] (4)
−0.1 −0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0

∎ Determine the [𝐷 ] matrix

Its similar with element (1)
201.92 86.54 0
[𝐷] = [ 86.54 201.92 0 ]
0 0 57.69

Therefore;
[𝑘 (2) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

−0.1 0 0
0 −0.1 −0.1
201.92 86.54 0 −0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0
[𝑘 (1) ] =2*50* 0.1 0 0 *[
86.54 201.92 0 ]*[ 0 −0.1 0 0 0 0.1 ]
0 0 0.1
0 0 0.1 0 0 57.69 −0.1 −0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0
[ 0 0.1 0 ]

259.61 144.23 −201.92 −57.69 −57.69 −86.54

144.23 259.61 −86.51 −57.69 −57.69 −201.92
[𝑘 (2) ] = −201.92 201.92 201.92 0 0 86.54 (5)
−57.690 0 0 57.690 57.690 0
−57.690 0 0 57.690 57.690 0
[ −86.540 86.540 86.540 0 0 201.920 ]

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Step 3: Determine the element stiffness for element number 1,[𝑘 (3) ]

[𝑘 (3) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

Node 3,𝑥 3 , 𝑦3 = (20,0)

Node 5,𝑥 5 , 𝑦5 = (20,10)

Node 4,𝑥 4 , 𝑦4 = (10,10)

Figure 1: Element number 3

1 20 0
2𝐴 =|1 20 10| = 100
1 10 10

∎ Determine [𝐵 ] matrix

𝑏3 0 𝑏5 0 𝑏4 0
1
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 𝑐3 0 𝑐5 0 𝑐4 ]
2𝐴
𝑐3 𝑏3 𝑐5 𝑏5 𝑐4 𝑏4

Where;

𝑏3 =𝑦5 − 𝑦4 =10-0= 0
𝑏5 =𝑦4 − 𝑦3 =10-0=10
𝑏4 =𝑦3 − 𝑦5=0-10=-10
𝑐3=𝑥4 − 𝑥3=10-20=-10
𝑐5=𝑥3 − 𝑥4=20-10= 10
𝑐4=𝑥5 − 𝑥3=20-20= 0
Therefore;

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 0 0 0 0 −10 0
1
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 −10 10 0 0 0 ]
100
−10 0 0 10 0 −10

0 0 0 0 −0.1 0
[𝐵 ] = [ 0 −0.1 0.1 0 0 0 ] (5)
−0.1 0 0 0.1 0 −0.1

∎ Determine the [𝐷 ] matrix

Its similar with element (1)
201.92 86.54 0
[𝐷] = [ 86.54 201.92 0 ]
0 0 57.69

Therefore;
[𝑘 (3) ] =𝑡 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ [𝐵 ]𝑇 *[𝐷]*[𝐵 ]

0 0 −0.1
0 −0.1 0
201.92 86.54 0 0 0 0 0 −0.1 0
[𝑘 (3) ] =2*50* 0 0 0.1 *[ 86.54 201.92 ]*[ 0
0 0.1 0 0 −0.1 0.1 0 0 0 ]
−0.1 0 0 0 0 57.69 −0.1 0 0 0.1 0 −0.1
[ 0 0.1 −0.1]

57.69 0 −57.69 0 0 57.69

0 201.92 0 −201.92 86.54 0
[𝑘 (3) ] = −57.69 0 57.69 0 0 −57.69 (6)
0 −201.92 0 201.92 −86.54 0
0 86.54 0 −86.54 201.92 0
[ 57.69 0 −57.69 0 0 57.69 ]

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Step 4: Assemble the local stiffness matrix to get the global stiffness matrix ([𝐾])

[𝐾] =∑3𝑖=1[𝑘 (𝑖) ] =[𝑘 (1) ] + [𝑘 (2) ] +[𝑘 (3) ]

[𝐾 ] =

201.92 0 −201.92 86.54 0 0 0 −86.54 0 0

0 57.69 57.69 −57.69 0 0 −57.69 0 0 0
−201.92 57.69 259.61 −144.23 0 0 −57.69 86.54 0 0
86.54 −57.69 −144.23 259.61 0 0 57.69 −201.92 0 0
0 0 0 0 317.3 144.23 −57.69 −28.88 −259.61 −57.69
0 0 0 0 144.23 461.53 28.88 −201.92 −86.54 259.61
0 −57.69 −57.69 57.69 −57.69 28.85 259.61 57.69 0 −28.85
−86.54 0 86.54 −201.92 0 −57.69 57.69 259.61 −57.69 57.69
0 0 0 0 −144.23 −86.54 0 28.85 259.61 0
[ 0 0 0 0 −57.69 −259.61 −28.88 0 0 259.61 ]

General force equation:

𝐹1𝑥 201.92 0 −201.92 86.54 0 0 0 −86.54 0 0 𝑈1

𝐹1𝑦 𝑉1
0 57.69 57.69 −57.69 0 0 −57.69 0 0 0
𝐹2𝑥 −201.92 57.69 259.61 −144.23 0 0 −57.69 86.54 0 0 𝑈2
𝐹2𝑦 86.54 −57.69 −144.23 259.61 0 0 57.69 −201.92 0 0 𝑉2
𝐹3𝑥 0 0 0 0 317.3 144.23 −57.69 −28.88 −259.61 −57.69 𝑈
𝐹3𝑦 = * 3 (7)
0 0 0 0 144.23 461.53 28.88 −201.92 −86.54 259.61 𝑉3
𝐹4𝑥 0 −57.69 −57.69 57.69 −57.69 28.85 259.61 57.69 0 −28.85 𝑈4
𝐹4𝑦 −86.54 0 86.54 −201.92 0 −57.69 57.69 259.61 −57.69 57.69 𝑉4
𝐹5𝑥 0 0 0 0 −144.23 −86.54 0 28.85 259.61 0 𝑈5
[ 0 0 0 0 −57.69 −259.61 −28.88 0 0 259.61 ] { 𝑉5 }
{𝐹5𝑦 }

Next, apply boundary condition:

𝑉1 =𝑉2 =𝑉3 =0 &𝑈3 =𝑈5 =0

External force given:

𝐹4𝑦 = 1500 𝑁, 𝐹5𝑦 = 2000𝑁 ,𝐹1𝑥 = 𝐹2𝑥 =𝐹4𝑥 = 0

After applying the boundary condition , we will get:

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 0 201.92 −201.92 0 −86.54 0 𝑈1
0 −201.92 259.61 −57.69 86.54 0 𝑈2
0 𝑁= 0 −57.69 259.61 57.69 −28.85 * 𝑈4
1500 −86.54 86.54 57.69 259.61 57.96 𝑉4
{2000} [ 0 0 −28.88 0 259.61 ] { 𝑉5 }

By solving the above matrix, we can get the displacement vector:

𝑈1 1.7856
𝑈2 −0.2823
𝑈4 = −0.2823 𝑚𝑚 ( ANSWER)
𝑉4 4.8250
{ 𝑉5 } { 7.6725 }

Step 5: Determine the strain (𝜀) and stress (𝜎) vector for element number 3

I. Strain (𝜀):

{𝜀 } =[𝐵 ] *{𝑈} 𝑒

𝑈3
𝑉3
0 0 0 0 −0.1 0 𝑈5
{𝜀 } = [ 0 −0.1 0.1 0 0 0 ]* 𝑉
−0.1 0 0 0.1 0 −0.1 5
𝑈4
{ 𝑉4 }

𝜀𝑥 0.0282
𝜀
{𝜀 } = { 𝑦 } = { 0.7673 } (ANSWER)
𝛾𝑥𝑦 −0.4825

II. Stress (𝜎):

{𝜎} =[𝐷] ∗ [𝐵 ]*{𝑈} 𝑒

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 0
201.92 86.54 0 0
0 0 0 0 −0.1 0
{𝜎} =[ 86.54 201.92 0
0 ]*[ 0 −0.1 0.1 0 0 0 ]*
7.6725
0 0 57.69 −0.1 0 0 0.1 0 −0.1
−0.2823
{ 4.8250 }

𝜎𝑥 72.0980
{𝜎} ={ 𝜎𝑦 } ={ 157.3661 } 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (ANSWER)
𝜏𝑥𝑦 −27.8354

Page | 10