Homework 6

FRAME ANALYSIS

# Dependencies
import copy # Allows us to create copies of objects in memory
import math # Math functionality
import numpy as np # Numpy for working with arrays
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Plotting functionality

# Constants
E=29000 #(kilopounds per square inch)
Ar=[16,12] #(in^2)
In=[800,400] #(in^4)

xFac = 50 #Scale factor for plotted displacements

# #Nodal coordinates [x, y] (in ascending node order)

nodes = np.array([[0,0],
[30,0],
[45,-20]])

# #Members [node_i, node_j]

members = np.array([[1,2],
[2,3]])

# #Supports
restrainedDOF=[1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9] #The degrees of freedom restrained by supports

# #Loading
forceVector=np.array([[0,-30,0,0,-30,2700,0,0,0]]).T

fig = plt.figure()
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,2,2])
fig.gca().set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

#Plot members
for mbr in members:
node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

ix = nodes[node_i-1,0] #x-coord of node i of this member

iy = nodes[node_i-1,1] #y-coord of node i of this member
jx = nodes[node_j-1,0] #x-coord of node j of this member
jy = nodes[node_j-1,1] #y-coord of node j of this member

axes.plot([ix,jx],[iy,jy],'b') #Member

#Plot nodes
for node in nodes:
axes.plot([node[0]],[node[1]],'bo')

axes.set_xlabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_ylabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_title('Structure to analyse')
axes.grid()
plt.show()
Calculate member orientation and length

#Define a function to calculate member orientation and length

def memberOrientation(memberNo):
memberIndex = memberNo-1 #Index identifying member in array of members
node_i = members[memberIndex][0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = members[memberIndex][1] #Node number for node j of this member

xi = nodes[node_i-1][0] #x-coord for node i

yi = nodes[node_i-1][1] #y-coord for node i
xj = nodes[node_j-1][0] #x-coord for node j
yj = nodes[node_j-1][1] #y-coord for node j

#Angle of member with respect to horizontal axis

dx = xj-xi #x-component of vector along member

dy = yj-yi #y-component of vector along member
mag = math.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2) #Magnitude of vector (length of member)
memberVector = np.array([dx,dy])#Member represented as a vector

#Need to capture quadrant first then appropriate reference axis and offset angle
if(dx>0 and dy==0):
theta = 0
elif(dx==0 and dy>0):
theta = math.pi/2
elif(dx<0 and dy==0):
theta = math.pi
elif(dx==0 and dy<0):
theta = 3*math.pi/2
elif(dx>0 and dy>0):
# 0<theta<90
refVector = np.array([1,0]) # Vector describing the positive x-axis
theta = math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two vectors
elif(dx<0 and dy>0):
# 90<theta<180
refVector = np.array([0,1]) # Vector describing the positive y-axis
theta = (math.pi/2) + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two
elif(dx<0 and dy<0):
# 180<theta<270
refVector = np.array([-1,0]) # Vector describing the negative x-axis
theta = math.pi + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two vec
else:
# 270<theta<360
refVector = np.array([0,-1]) # Vector describing the negative y-axis
theta = (3*math.pi/2) + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between t

return [theta, mag]

#Calculate orientation and length for each member and store

orientations = np.array([])#Initialise an array to hold orientations
lengths = np.array([]) #Initialise an array to hold lengths
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
[angle, length] = memberOrientation(n+1)
orientations = np.append(orientations,angle)
lengths = np.append(lengths,length)
Define a function to calculate member global stiffness
matrix
#Define a function to calculate the global stiffness matrix for a beam element
def calculateKg(memberNo):

theta = orientations[memberNo-1]
L = lengths[memberNo-1]*12
A=Ar[memberNo-1]
I=In[memberNo-1]

c = math.cos(theta)
s = math.sin(theta)

#Define the transformation matrix

TM = np.array([[c,s,0,0,0,0],
[-s,c,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,1,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,c,s,0],
[0,0,0,-s,c,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,1]])

#For clarity, define individual elements of local stiffness matrix

#Row 1
k11 = E*A/L
k12 = 0
k13 = 0
k14 = -E*A/L
k15 = 0
k16 = 0
#Row 2
k21 = 0
k22 = 12*E*I/L**3
k23 = 6*E*I/L**2
k24 = 0
k25 = -12*E*I/L**3
k26 = 6*E*I/L**2
#Row 3
k31 = 0
k32 = 6*E*I/L**2
k33 = 4*E*I/L
k34 = 0
k35 = -6*E*I/L**2
k36 = 2*E*I/L
#Row 4
k41 = -E*A/L
k42 = 0
k43 = 0
k44 = E*A/L
k45 = 0
k46 = 0
#Row 5
k51 = 0
k52 = -12*E*I/L**3
k53 = -6*E*I/L**2
k54 = 0
k55 = 12*E*I/L**3
k56 = -6*E*I/L**2
#Row 6
k61 = 0
k62 = 6*E*I/L**2
k63 = 2*E*I/L
k64 = 0
k65 = -6*E*I/L**2
k66 = 4*E*I/L

#Build the quadrants of the local stiffness matrix

K11 = np.array([[k11,k12,k13],[k21,k22,k23],[k31,k32,k33]]) #Top left quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K12 = np.array([[k14,k15,k16],[k24,k25,k26],[k34,k35,k36]]) #Top right quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K21 = np.array([[k41,k42,k43],[k51,k52,k53],[k61,k62,k63]]) #Bottom left quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K22 = np.array([[k44,k45,k46],[k54,k55,k56],[k64,k65,k66]]) #Bottom right quadrant of local stiffness matrix

#Build complete local element stiffness matrix

top = np.concatenate((K11,K12),axis=1) #Top 3 rows
btm = np.concatenate((K21,K22),axis=1) #Bottom 3 rows
Kl = np.concatenate((top,btm), axis=0) #Full local stiffness matrix

#Calculate the element global stiffness matrix

Kg = TM.T.dot(Kl).dot(TM)
#Kg = np.round(TM.T@Kl@TM,1) #Matrix multiply symbol as pf Python 3.5

#Divide global element stiffness matrix quadrants for return

 K11g = Kg[0:3,0:3]
K12g = Kg[0:3,3:6]
K21g = Kg[3:6,0:3]
K22g = Kg[3:6,3:6]

return [K11g, K12g, K21g, K22g]

nDoF = np.amax(members)*3 #Total number of degrees of freedom in the problem

Kp = np.zeros([nDoF,nDoF]) #Initialise the primary stiffness matrix

for n, mbr in enumerate(members):

#note that enumerate adds a counter to an iterable (n)

#Calculate the quadrants of the global stiffness matrix for the member
[K11, K12, K21,K22] = calculateKg(n+1)

node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member

node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

#Primary stiffness matrix indices associated with each node

#i.e. node 1 occupies indices 0, 1 and 2 (accessed in Python with [0:3])
ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)
ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)
Kp[ia:ib+1,ia:ib+1] = Kp[ia:ib+1,ia:ib+1] + K11
Kp[ia:ib+1,ja:jb+1] = Kp[ia:ib+1,ja:jb+1] + K12
Kp[ja:jb+1,ia:ib+1] = Kp[ja:jb+1,ia:ib+1] + K21
Kp[ja:jb+1,ja:jb+1] = Kp[ja:jb+1,ja:jb+1] + K22

Extract structure stiffness matrix, Ks

restrainedIndex = [x - 1 for x in restrainedDOF] #Index for each restrained DoF (list comprehension)

#Reduce to structure stiffness matrix by deleting rows and columns for restrained DoF
Ks = np.delete(Kp,restrainedIndex,0) #Delete rows
Ks = np.delete(Ks,restrainedIndex,1) #Delete columns
Ks = np.matrix(Ks) # Convert Ks from numpy.ndarray to numpy.matrix to use build in inverter function
print("structure sti¤ness matrix:")
print(Ks)

structure sti¤ness matrix:

[[ 1709.78844444 -554.32533333 618.66666667]
[ -554.32533333 750.22307819 -610.07407407]
[ 618.66666667 -610.07407407 412444.44444444]]

Solve for displacements

forceVectorRed = copy.copy(forceVector)# Make a copy of forceVector so the copy can be edited, leaving the original u
forceVectorRed = np.delete(forceVectorRed,restrainedIndex,0) #Delete rows corresponding to restrained DoF
U = Ks.I*forceVectorRed
print('Displacements:')
print(U)

Displacements:
[[-0.017888 ]
[-0.0479176 ]
[ 0.00650229]]

Solve for reactions

#Construct the global displacement vector
UG = np.zeros(nDoF) #Initialise an array to hold the global displacement vector
c=0 #Initialise a counter to track how many restraints have been imposed
for i in np.arange(nDoF):
if i in restrainedIndex:
#Impose zero displacement
UG[i] = 0
else:
#Assign actual displacement
UG[i] = U[c]
c=c+1
UG = np.array([UG]).T
FG = np.matmul(Kp,UG)
forceVector=np.array([[0,30,1800,0,30,-1800,0,0,0]]).T
FG=FG+forceVector
C:\Users\sxk2012\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_24368\3585855237.py:10: DeprecationWarning: Conversion of an array
with ndim > 0 to a scalar is deprecated, and will error in future. Ensure you extract a single element from your
array before performing this operation. (Deprecated NumPy 1.25.)
UG[i] = U[c]

Solve for member actions (Axial Force, BM, Shear)

mbrForces = np.array([]) #Initialise an array to hold member axial forces
mbrShears = np.zeros(members.shape) #Initialise an array to hold member shear forces
mbrMoments = np.zeros(members.shape) #Initialise an array to hold member moments

for n, mbr in enumerate(members):

theta = orientations[n]
L = lengths[n]
A=Ar[n]
I=In[n]

node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member

node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member
#Primary stiffness matrix indices associated with each node
ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)
ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)

#Transformation matrix
c = math.cos(theta)
s = math.sin(theta)

#Define the transformation matrix

T = np.array([[c,s,0,0,0,0],
[-s,c,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,1,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,c,s,0],
[0,0,0,-s,c,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,1]])

disp = np.array([ [UG[ia,0],UG[ia+1,0],UG[ib,0],UG[ja,0],UG[ja+1,0],UG[jb,0]]]).T

disp_local = np.matmul(T,disp)

F_axial = (A*E/L)*(disp_local[3]-disp_local[0])[0]

#Calculate the quadrants of the global stiffness matrix for the member
[K11, K12, K21,K22] = calculateKg(n+1)

#Build complete global element stiffness matrix

top = np.concatenate((K11,K12),axis=1) #Top 3 rows
btm = np.concatenate((K21,K22),axis=1) #Bottom 3 rows
Kg = np.concatenate((top,btm), axis=0) #Full global stiffness matrix

#Convert back to local stiffness matrix

Kl = T.dot(Kg).dot(T.T)

#Compute moments at each end of the member

Mi = Kl[2,:].dot(disp_local)[0]
Mj = Kl[5,:].dot(disp_local)[0]

#Compute shear forces at each end of the member

Fy_i = Kl[1,:].dot(disp_local)[0]
Fy_j = Kl[4,:].dot(disp_local)[0]

#Store member actions

mbrForces = np.append(mbrForces,F_axial) #Store axial loads

mbrShears[n,0] = Fy_i
mbrShears[n,1] = Fy_j

mbrMoments[n,0] = Mi
mbrMoments[n,1] = Mj

fig = plt.figure()
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,2,2])
fig.gca().set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

#Plot members
for mbr in members:
node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

ix = nodes[node_i-1,0] #x-coord of node i of this member

iy = nodes[node_i-1,1] #y-coord of node i of this member
 jx = nodes[node_j-1,0] #x-coord of node j of this member
jy = nodes[node_j-1,1] #y-coord of node j of this member

ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)

ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)

axes.plot([ix,jx],[iy,jy],'b') #Member
axes.plot([ix + UG[ia,0]*xFac, jx + UG[ja,0]*xFac], [iy + UG[ia+1,0]*xFac, jy + UG[ja+1,0]*xFac],'--r') #Deformed

#Plot nodes
for node in nodes:
axes.plot([node[0]],[node[1]],'bo')

axes.set_xlabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_ylabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_title('Deflected shape')
axes.grid()
plt.show()

Result Summary

#Generate output statements

print("REACTIONS")
for i in np.arange(0,len(restrainedIndex)):
index = restrainedIndex[i]
if index in [0,1,6,7]:
print("- Reaction at DoF {one}: {two} k".format(one = index+1, two = round(FG[index].item(),2)))
else:
print("- Reaction at DoF {one}: {two} k-in".format(one = index+1, two = round(FG[index].item(),2)))

print("")
print("MEMBER AXIAL FORCES")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Force in member {one} (nodes {two} to {three}) is {four} k".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[0], three=mbr[1],

print("")
print("MEMBER SHEAR FORCES")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Shear force in member {one} (nodes {two}/{three}) is {four}/{five} k".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[0], thre

print("")
print("MEMBER BENDING MOMENTS")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Bending moment in member {one} (nodes {two}/{three}) is {four}/{five} kin".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[0

print("")
print("NODAL DISPLACEMENTS")
for n, node in enumerate(nodes):
ix = 3*(n+1)-3 #horizontal DoF for this node
iy = ix+1 #vertical DoF for this node
iz = ix+2 #rotational DoF for this node

ux = round(UG[ix,0],5) #Horizontal nodal displacement

uy = round(UG[iy,0],5) #Vertical nodal displacement
 theta = round(UG[iz,0],5) #Nodal rotation
print("- Node {one}: Ux = {two} in, Uy = {three} in, theta = {four} radians".format(one=n+1, two=ux, three=uy,

REACTIONS
- Reaction at DoF 1: 23.06 k
- Reaction at DoF 2: 37.27 k
- Reaction at DoF 3: 2689.54 k-in
- Reaction at DoF 7: -23.06 k
- Reaction at DoF 8: 22.73 k
- Reaction at DoF 9: 469.54 k-in

MEMBER AXIAL FORCES

- Force in member 1 (nodes 1 to 2) is -276.67 k
- Force in member 2 (nodes 2 to 3) is -384.21 k

MEMBER SHEAR FORCES

- Shear force in member 1 (nodes 1/2) is 7.27/-7.27 k
- Shear force in member 2 (nodes 2/3) is 4.81/-4.81 k

MEMBER BENDING MOMENTS

- Bending moment in member 1 (nodes 1/2) is 889.54/1727.61 kin
- Bending moment in member 2 (nodes 2/3) is 972.39/469.54 kin

NODAL DISPLACEMENTS
- Node 1: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = 0.0 radians
- Node 2: Ux = -0.01789 in, Uy = -0.04792 in, theta = 0.0065 radians
- Node 3: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = 0.0 radians
Loading [MathJax]/extensions/Safe.js
Beam Analysis

# Dependencies
import copy # Allows us to create copies of objects in memory
import math # Math functionality
import numpy as np # Numpy for working with arrays
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Plotting functionality

# Constants
E=1 #()
Ar=[1,1,1] #(in^2)
In=[1,1,1] #(in^4)

xFac = 50 #Scale factor for plotted displacements

# #Nodal coordinates [x, y] (in ascending node order)

nodes = np.array([[0,0],
[10,0],
[20,0],
[25,0]])

# #Members [node_i, node_j]

members = np.array([[1,2],
[2,3],
[3,4]])

# #Supports
restrainedDOF=[1, 2, 3,4,5, 7, 8, 10,11,12] #The degrees of freedom restrained by supports

# #Loading
forceVector=np.array([[0,28.16,76.8,0,171.84,-84.8,0,120,200,0,0,0]]).T

fig = plt.figure()
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,2,2])
fig.gca().set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

#Plot members
for mbr in members:
node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

ix = nodes[node_i-1,0] #x-coord of node i of this member

iy = nodes[node_i-1,1] #y-coord of node i of this member
jx = nodes[node_j-1,0] #x-coord of node j of this member
jy = nodes[node_j-1,1] #y-coord of node j of this member

axes.plot([ix,jx],[iy,jy],'b') #Member

#Plot nodes
for node in nodes:
axes.plot([node[0]],[node[1]-1],'bo')

axes.set_xlabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_ylabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_title('Structure to analyse')
axes.grid()
plt.show()

#Define a function to calculate member orientation and length

def memberOrientation(memberNo):
memberIndex = memberNo-1 #Index identifying member in array of members
node_i = members[memberIndex][0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = members[memberIndex][1] #Node number for node j of this member

xi = nodes[node_i-1][0] #x-coord for node i

yi = nodes[node_i-1][1] #y-coord for node i
xj = nodes[node_j-1][0] #x-coord for node j
yj = nodes[node_j-1][1] #y-coord for node j

#Angle of member with respect to horizontal axis

dx = xj-xi #x-component of vector along member

dy = yj-yi #y-component of vector along member
 mag = math.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2) #Magnitude of vector (length of member)
memberVector = np.array([dx,dy])#Member represented as a vector

#Need to capture quadrant first then appropriate reference axis and offset angle
if(dx>0 and dy==0):
theta = 0
elif(dx==0 and dy>0):
theta = math.pi/2
elif(dx<0 and dy==0):
theta = math.pi
elif(dx==0 and dy<0):
theta = 3*math.pi/2
elif(dx>0 and dy>0):
# 0<theta<90
refVector = np.array([1,0]) # Vector describing the positive x-axis
theta = math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two vectors
elif(dx<0 and dy>0):
# 90<theta<180
refVector = np.array([0,1]) # Vector describing the positive y-axis
theta = (math.pi/2) + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two
elif(dx<0 and dy<0):
# 180<theta<270
refVector = np.array([-1,0]) # Vector describing the negative x-axis
theta = math.pi + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between two vec
else:
# 270<theta<360
refVector = np.array([0,-1]) # Vector describing the negative y-axis
theta = (3*math.pi/2) + math.acos(refVector.dot(memberVector)/(mag))#Standard formula for the angle between t

return [theta, mag]

#Calculate orientation and length for each member and store

orientations = np.array([])#Initialise an array to hold orientations
lengths = np.array([]) #Initialise an array to hold lengths
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
[angle, length] = memberOrientation(n+1)
orientations = np.append(orientations,angle)
lengths = np.append(lengths,length)

#Define a function to calculate the global stiffness matrix for a beam element
def calculateKg(memberNo):

theta = orientations[memberNo-1]
L = lengths[memberNo-1]
A=Ar[memberNo-1]
I=In[memberNo-1]

c = math.cos(theta)
s = math.sin(theta)

#Define the transformation matrix

TM = np.array([[c,s,0,0,0,0],
[-s,c,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,1,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,c,s,0],
[0,0,0,-s,c,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,1]])

#For clarity, define individual elements of local stiffness matrix

#Row 1
k11 = E*A/L
k12 = 0
k13 = 0
k14 = -E*A/L
k15 = 0
k16 = 0
#Row 2
k21 = 0
k22 = 12*E*I/L**3
k23 = 6*E*I/L**2
k24 = 0
k25 = -12*E*I/L**3
k26 = 6*E*I/L**2
#Row 3
k31 = 0
k32 = 6*E*I/L**2
k33 = 4*E*I/L
k34 = 0
k35 = -6*E*I/L**2
k36 = 2*E*I/L
#Row 4
k41 = -E*A/L
k42 = 0
 k43 = 0
k44 = E*A/L
k45 = 0
k46 = 0
#Row 5
k51 = 0
k52 = -12*E*I/L**3
k53 = -6*E*I/L**2
k54 = 0
k55 = 12*E*I/L**3
k56 = -6*E*I/L**2
#Row 6
k61 = 0
k62 = 6*E*I/L**2
k63 = 2*E*I/L
k64 = 0
k65 = -6*E*I/L**2
k66 = 4*E*I/L

#Build the quadrants of the local stiffness matrix

K11 = np.array([[k11,k12,k13],[k21,k22,k23],[k31,k32,k33]]) #Top left quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K12 = np.array([[k14,k15,k16],[k24,k25,k26],[k34,k35,k36]]) #Top right quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K21 = np.array([[k41,k42,k43],[k51,k52,k53],[k61,k62,k63]]) #Bottom left quadrant of local stiffness matrix
K22 = np.array([[k44,k45,k46],[k54,k55,k56],[k64,k65,k66]]) #Bottom right quadrant of local stiffness matrix

#Build complete local element stiffness matrix

top = np.concatenate((K11,K12),axis=1) #Top 3 rows
btm = np.concatenate((K21,K22),axis=1) #Bottom 3 rows
Kl = np.concatenate((top,btm), axis=0) #Full local stiffness matrix

#Calculate the element global stiffness matrix

Kg = TM.T.dot(Kl).dot(TM)
#Kg = np.round(TM.T@Kl@TM,1) #Matrix multiply symbol as pf Python 3.5

#Divide global element stiffness matrix quadrants for return

K11g = Kg[0:3,0:3]
K12g = Kg[0:3,3:6]
K21g = Kg[3:6,0:3]
K22g = Kg[3:6,3:6]

return [K11g, K12g, K21g, K22g]

nDoF = np.amax(members)*3 #Total number of degrees of freedom in the problem

Kp = np.zeros([nDoF,nDoF]) #Initialise the primary stiffness matrix

for n, mbr in enumerate(members):

#note that enumerate adds a counter to an iterable (n)

#Calculate the quadrants of the global stiffness matrix for the member
[K11, K12, K21,K22] = calculateKg(n+1)

node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member

node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

#Primary stiffness matrix indices associated with each node

#i.e. node 1 occupies indices 0, 1 and 2 (accessed in Python with [0:3])
ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)
ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)
Kp[ia:ib+1,ia:ib+1] = Kp[ia:ib+1,ia:ib+1] + K11
Kp[ia:ib+1,ja:jb+1] = Kp[ia:ib+1,ja:jb+1] + K12
Kp[ja:jb+1,ia:ib+1] = Kp[ja:jb+1,ia:ib+1] + K21
Kp[ja:jb+1,ja:jb+1] = Kp[ja:jb+1,ja:jb+1] + K22

restrainedIndex = [x - 1 for x in restrainedDOF] #Index for each restrained DoF (list comprehension)

#Reduce to structure stiffness matrix by deleting rows and columns for restrained DoF
Ks = np.delete(Kp,restrainedIndex,0) #Delete rows
Ks = np.delete(Ks,restrainedIndex,1) #Delete columns
Ks = np.matrix(Ks) # Convert Ks from numpy.ndarray to numpy.matrix to use build in inverter function
print("structure sti¤ness matrix:")
print(Ks)

structure sti¤ness matrix:

[[0.8 0.2]
[0.2 1.2]]

forceVectorRed = copy.copy(forceVector)# Make a copy of forceVector so the copy can be edited, leaving the original u
forceVectorRed = np.delete(forceVectorRed,restrainedIndex,0) #Delete rows corresponding to restrained DoF
U = Ks.I*forceVectorRed
print('Displacements:')
print(U)
Displacements:
[[-154.08695652]
[ 192.34782609]]

#Construct the global displacement vector

UG = np.zeros(nDoF) #Initialise an array to hold the global displacement vector
c=0 #Initialise a counter to track how many restraints have been imposed
for i in np.arange(nDoF):
if i in restrainedIndex:
#Impose zero displacement
UG[i] = 0
else:
#Assign actual displacement
UG[i] = U[c]
c=c+1
UG = np.array([UG]).T

FG = np.matmul(Kp,UG)
forceVector=np.array([[0,28.16,76.8,0,171.84,-84.8,0,120,200,0,0,0]]).T
FG=FG+forceVector

C:\Users\sxk2012\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_25376\2610428321.py:10: DeprecationWarning: Conversion of an array

with ndim > 0 to a scalar is deprecated, and will error in future. Ensure you extract a single element from your
array before performing this operation. (Deprecated NumPy 1.25.)
UG[i] = U[c]

mbrForces = np.array([]) #Initialise an array to hold member axial forces

mbrShears = np.zeros(members.shape) #Initialise an array to hold member shear forces
mbrMoments = np.zeros(members.shape) #Initialise an array to hold member moments

for n, mbr in enumerate(members):

theta = orientations[n]
L = lengths[n]
A=Ar[n]
I=In[n]

node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member

node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member
#Primary stiffness matrix indices associated with each node
ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)
ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)

#Transformation matrix
c = math.cos(theta)
s = math.sin(theta)

#Define the transformation matrix

T = np.array([[c,s,0,0,0,0],
[-s,c,0,0,0,0],
[0,0,1,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,c,s,0],
[0,0,0,-s,c,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,1]])

disp = np.array([ [UG[ia,0],UG[ia+1,0],UG[ib,0],UG[ja,0],UG[ja+1,0],UG[jb,0]]]).T

disp_local = np.matmul(T,disp)

F_axial = (A*E/L)*(disp_local[3]-disp_local[0])[0]

#Calculate the quadrants of the global stiffness matrix for the member
[K11, K12, K21,K22] = calculateKg(n+1)

#Build complete global element stiffness matrix

top = np.concatenate((K11,K12),axis=1) #Top 3 rows
btm = np.concatenate((K21,K22),axis=1) #Bottom 3 rows
Kg = np.concatenate((top,btm), axis=0) #Full global stiffness matrix

#Convert back to local stiffness matrix

Kl = T.dot(Kg).dot(T.T)

#Compute moments at each end of the member

Mi = Kl[2,:].dot(disp_local)[0]
Mj = Kl[5,:].dot(disp_local)[0]

#Compute shear forces at each end of the member

Fy_i = Kl[1,:].dot(disp_local)[0]
Fy_j = Kl[4,:].dot(disp_local)[0]

#Store member actions

mbrForces = np.append(mbrForces,F_axial) #Store axial loads

mbrShears[n,0] = Fy_i
 mbrShears[n,1] = Fy_j

mbrMoments[n,0] = Mi
mbrMoments[n,1] = Mj

fig = plt.figure()
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,2,2])
fig.gca().set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

#Plot members
for mbr in members:
node_i = mbr[0] #Node number for node i of this member
node_j = mbr[1] #Node number for node j of this member

ix = nodes[node_i-1,0] #x-coord of node i of this member

iy = nodes[node_i-1,1] #y-coord of node i of this member
jx = nodes[node_j-1,0] #x-coord of node j of this member
jy = nodes[node_j-1,1] #y-coord of node j of this member

ia = 3*node_i-3 #index 0 (e.g. node 1)

ib = 3*node_i-1 #index 2 (e.g. node 1)
ja = 3*node_j-3 #index 3 (e.g. node 2)
jb = 3*node_j-1 #index 5 (e.g. node 2)

axes.plot([ix,jx],[iy,jy],'b') #Member
axes.plot([ix + UG[ia,0]*xFac, jx + UG[ja,0]*xFac], [iy + UG[ia+1,0]*xFac, jy + UG[ja+1,0]*xFac],'--r') #Deformed

#Plot nodes
for node in nodes:
axes.plot([node[0]],[node[1]-1],'bo')

axes.set_xlabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_ylabel('Distance (m)')
axes.set_title('Deflected shape')
axes.grid()
plt.show()

#Generate output statements

print("REACTIONS")
for i in np.arange(0,len(restrainedIndex)):
index = restrainedIndex[i]
if index in [0,1,3,4,6,7,9,10]:
print("- Reaction at DoF {one}: {two} KN".format(one = index+1, two = round(FG[index].item(),2)))
else:
print("- Reaction at DoF {one}: {two} KN-m".format(one = index+1, two = round(FG[index].item(),2)))

print("")
print("MEMBER AXIAL FORCES")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Force in member {one} (nodes {two} to {three}) is {four} KN".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[0], three=mbr[1

print("")
print("MEMBER SHEAR FORCES")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Shear force in member {one} (nodes {two}/{three}) is {four}/{five} KN".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[0], thr

print("")
print("MEMBER BENDING MOMENTS")
for n, mbr in enumerate(members):
print("- Bending moment in member {one} (nodes {two}/{three}) is {four}/{five} KN-m".format(one = n+1, two=mbr[

print("")
print("NODAL DISPLACEMENTS")
for n, node in enumerate(nodes):
ix = 3*(n+1)-3 #horizontal DoF for this node
iy = ix+1 #vertical DoF for this node
iz = ix+2 #rotational DoF for this node

ux = round(UG[ix,0],5) #Horizontal nodal displacement

uy = round(UG[iy,0],5) #Vertical nodal displacement
theta = round(UG[iz,0],5) #Nodal rotation
print("- Node {one}: Ux = {two} in, Uy = {three} in, theta = {four} radians".format(one=n+1, two=ux, three=uy,
 REACTIONS
- Reaction at DoF 1: 0.0 KN
- Reaction at DoF 2: 18.91 KN
- Reaction at DoF 3: 45.98 KN-m
- Reaction at DoF 4: 0.0 KN
- Reaction at DoF 5: 183.38 KN
- Reaction at DoF 7: 0.0 KN
- Reaction at DoF 8: 163.87 KN
- Reaction at DoF 10: 0.0 KN
- Reaction at DoF 11: -46.16 KN
- Reaction at DoF 12: 76.94 KN-m

MEMBER AXIAL FORCES

- Force in member 1 (nodes 1 to 2) is 0.0 KN
- Force in member 2 (nodes 2 to 3) is 0.0 KN
- Force in member 3 (nodes 3 to 4) is 0.0 KN

MEMBER SHEAR FORCES

- Shear force in member 1 (nodes 1/2) is -9.25/9.25 KN
- Shear force in member 2 (nodes 2/3) is 2.3/-2.3 KN
- Shear force in member 3 (nodes 3/4) is 46.16/-46.16 KN

MEMBER BENDING MOMENTS

- Bending moment in member 1 (nodes 1/2) is -30.82/-61.63 KN-m
- Bending moment in member 2 (nodes 2/3) is -23.17/46.12 KN-m
- Bending moment in member 3 (nodes 3/4) is 153.88/76.94 KN-m

NODAL DISPLACEMENTS
- Node 1: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = 0.0 radians
- Node 2: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = -154.08696 radians
- Node 3: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = 192.34783 radians
- Node 4: Ux = 0.0 in, Uy = 0.0 in, theta = 0.0 radians
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