PM SHRI KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA NO.2
PORTBLAIR
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
SESSION : 2023-24
➢ NAME :ATUL RAJ SINGH
➢ CLASS : XII A
➢ SUBJECT : PHYSICS
➢ROLL NO : 20601222
Teacher’s signature Principal’s Signature
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ATUL RAJ SINGH, a student of class XII-
A has successfully completed the research on the
investigatory project of physics on the topic To study the
factor on which the self inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency under
the able guidance of Mr. SATYA SURYANARAYANA
SURAMPUDI (Physics subject teacher) in the academic year
2023-24
Signature of External Examiner Signature of Internal
Examiner
Name: ……………………………….. Name: [Link] SURYANARAYA
SURYANARAYANA SURAMPUDI
Signature of Principal
Name: Mr. Vishal Yadav
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teacher Mr. SATYA SURYANARAYANA SURAMPUDI sir and
principal Mr. Vishal Yadav sir who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this project on the topic –“To study the factor
on which the self inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of
this coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency”. It helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about a lot of things related to
this topic.
Finally, I would like to thank my Physics teacher cum
mentor Mr .SATYA SURYANARAYANA SURAMPUDI and our
honourable principal Mr. Vishal Yadav and other who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance
and have been very helpful in various stages of project
completion.
AIM:-
To study the factor on which the self
inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series with
a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable
frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) a.c.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft
iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current through
it. The self inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is
L =μ0 μr N2 A
l
where μr = Relative magnetic permeability of
magnetic material,
μr =μμ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid
A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l = length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N) , L α N2
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α
1
3. Nature of core material, L α μ
When an inductor is connected in series with
a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
Irms =ErmsZ
Where Z = √R2 + ω2L
2 = Impedance of the a.c.
circuit. Here R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.
The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb is
H = Irms
2 Zt
P=
H
t
= Irms
2Z
P = Irms
2 √R
2+ω
2L
2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the
current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor ( Rh ).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see
the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the
frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil
& note the current & brightness. The current
& brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different
frequency of a.c. source.
OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.
[Link] Frequency
of applied
voltage
(Hz)
Current in
ammeter
without iron
rod in coil (A)
Current in
ammeter with
iron rod in
coil (A)
RESULT:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time
to avoid the heating effect.
SOURCES OF ERRORS:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron
coil.
INDEX
1. AIM
2. APPARATUS
3. THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4. PROCEDURE
5. OBSERVATION
6. RESULT
7. PRECAUTIONS
8. SOURCES OF ERRORS
