The Internet

WHAT IS THE INTERNET ?

➢A world-wide network of computers allows people to share information
electronically
➢It is a BIG book with many web-pages on different topics.
➢It Can be accessed anywhere with an Internet connection
 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
➢A company that provides Internet access for customers
examples: BSNL, Airtel, Vi etc
➢Your computer connects to the Internet Service Provider (ISP)
then to the Internet.

ISP
Your computer ISP Internet
 COMMUNICATION DEVICES : WAN
Modem
➢ Modem stands for Modulator demodulator.
➢Modem is a device which convert digital signals into analog signal and
analog signal into digital signal.

➢Types Of modem :
➢ Internal modem
➢External modem
 WEB BROWSER
➢A Web Browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software
application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on
the World Wide Web.
➢Browsers are sometimes also called Web clients, since they get information
from a server.

https://t.me/HEMANTMAHENDRAS
 COMMONLY USED WEB BROWSERS

➢Google Chrome

➢Mozilla Firefox

➢Safari

➢Internet Explorer

➢Opera
 ARPANET
• The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was one
of the world's first operational networks.

• It was developed by US Department of Defence during Second World

War.

• It was fully completed in 1969.

 WEB ADDRESSES
➢ Web addresses are an addressing system that identifies where a Web
resource is located.
➢ The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the standard used to identify Web
resources.
➢ The URL consists of:

Protocol Server contains Path Resource

identifies the domain identifies the specifies the
the means name of the location of the filename of the
of access Web server document resource

URL http://www.mahendras.org/User/downloads.aspx
DOMAIN TYPE
DOMAIN TYPES
 HTTP
➢HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
➢HTTP is request-response protocol.
➢New version of http is HTTPS.
➢In https, s stands for secured.
➢Default port number of http is 80

http://
 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
Your Computer FTP Server

DOWNLOAD

UPLOAD

➢FTP is a part of the Internet that enables client computers to transfer files.
➢Clients may store files on an FTP site’s server.
➢Default Port Number of FTP is 21.
➢Download is used to load the file from server to client system.
➢Upload is used to load the file from client to server system.
https://t.me/HEMANTMAHENDRAS
 TELNET
➢Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect to remote computers (called
hosts) over a TCP/IP network (such as the Internet).
➢Using telnet client software on your computer, you can make a connection
to a telnet server (i.e., the remote host).
➢Once your telnet client establishes a connection to the remote host, your
client becomes a virtual terminal, allowing you to communicate with the
remote host from your computer.
➢Default Port Number of TELNET is 23
 WWW
➢WWW stands for WORLD WIDE WEB.
➢WWW was developed by TIM BERNERS-LEE.
➢In short it is called W3.
➢WWW was invented in 1989.
➢W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium.
➢The W3C is the main international standards organization for the World
Wide Web.

WWW
 INTRANET
➢An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to
share information, operational systems, or computing services within an
organization.

➢INTRANETS are also being used as corporate culture-change platforms.

➢All Bank uses INTRANET for their internal working.

https://t.me/HEMANTMAHENDRAS
 EXTRANET
➢An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the
outside, for specific business or educational purposes.
➢In a business-to-business context, an extranet can be viewed as an
extension of an organization's intranet that is extended to users outside the
organization, usually partners, vendors and suppliers, in isolation from all
other Internet users.
 INTERNET /INTRANET /EXTRANET
Internet Intranet Extranet
Type of network Public Private Private/VPN

Size Large number of connected Limited number of Limited number if

device connected devices connected devices over
internet
Security Depends on the device Firewall Protected Firewall separates internet
connected to the devices and extranet

Policy Internet communication Organizational Policies Organizational Policies ,

protocols Contractual
Policies, and Internet
Policies
Accessibility Anyone Authorized people Authorized people

Example World wide web Bank’s network Bank’s ATM Network

 WEB AT A GLANCE
➢WEBPAGE: A webpage is a document, typically written in plain
text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Mark-up
Language.

➢WEBSITE: A website, also written as site, is a set of related web pages served
from a single web domain. Example: www.mahendras.org etc.

➢WEBPORTAL: A web-portal is collection of inter-related websites.

➢Example: http://stportal.mahendras.org etc.
 E-MAIL
➢E-mail stands for Electronic Mail.
➢E-mail was invented by RAY TOMLINSON.
➢The Electronic Mail service allows an Internet user to send a mail (message)
to another Internet user in any part of the World in a near-real-time manner.
➢User can send text, image, sound, video data using e-mail.
 COMPONENTS OF E-MAIL
➢INBOX : Contains the received messages.
➢SENT : Contains the messages you have sent successfully to others
➢OUTBOX: An Outbox is where outgoing e-mail messages are temporarily
stored.
➢Compose: This link opens the page where you write the message for sending
to others.
➢Spam/Bulk/Junk: Unwanted commercial messages.
➢Drafts: Messages you have created but not sent.
➢Trash: The received messages those you have deleted.
A CLOSER LOOK TO EMAIL ACCOUNT
A CLOSER LOOK TO COMPOSE MAIL
 COMPONENTS OF COMPOSE MAIL
➢To: here we write receiver’s address e.g.;
[email protected]
➢Cc: Carbon Copy
➢Bcc: Blind Carbon Copy
➢Subject: here we write Subject of mail
➢Message Area: here we write content of mail
➢Signature Line: it displays senders details
 BLOG
➢ Blog is a website where entries are written as information or news on a
particular subject.
➢ You can choose any subject for writing a blog like food, health or
information about anything.

SOCIAL NETWORKING
➢ A Social Network is a network of individuals which have some sort of
interdependence on each other.
➢ This interdependence may be in the form of friendship, common causes
and so on.
eg- Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, MySpace, etc.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

➢LAN(Local Area Network)

➢MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

➢WAN(Wide Area Network)

➢PAN (Personal Area Network)

➢CAN (Campus Area Network)

 Personal Area Network (PAN)
➢ Personal Area Network (PAN) is a the computer network that connects
computers/devices within the range of an individual person.
Or
➢ It is a Wireless technology that was used on a personal Level.
Example
Bluetooth Infrared NFC (Near Field Communication)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
➢ small geographic area (e.g. room, office)
➢ controlled by one administrative authority
➢ usually high speed
➢ always shared
 COMMUNICATION DEVICES : LAN
Ethernet

➢ standardized as IEEE 802.3

➢ usually uses twisted pair cable ( RJ-45)

 COMMUNICATION DEVICES : LAN
Wi-Fi : Wireless fidelity

➢ Radio waves instead of cables

➢ Three standards :
802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g
 Campus Area Network (CAN)
➢ Campus area network is larger than LAN Local Area Network that
can connect multiple buildings in a limited area.
➢ Most often used to connect the building of society and
university campuses that's why it is known as Campus area
network
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
➢ Metropolitan Area Network is larger than CAN Campus Area
Network that can connect multiple Area in a city.
➢ A MAN may be a network used by a municipality or company to
interconnect its public works systems
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
➢ computer network that covers a broad area

➢ crosses metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries

 IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
➢An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or
a local network.
➢IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the
format of data sent via the internet or local network.
Or
“It is a unique address of the system on the Network “
 MAC Address (Media Access Control)
➢A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies
each device on a network.
➢ The MAC address is manufactured into every network card, such as
an Ethernet card or Wi-Fi card, and therefore cannot be changed.
Or
“It is a physical address of the system on the network”
 IP VS MAC
MAC Address IP Address
48 bit Address 32 bit IPV4 and 128 bit IPV6 Address

Physical Address Logical Address

Fixed assigned by manufacturer Can change depending upon the Networking Environment

Example : 00:0C:F5:09:56:E8 172.25.24.1

COMMUNICATION DEVICES
 COMMUNICATION DEVICES : WAN
VSAT
➢VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal
➢It is a Satellite-based Wide Area Network (WAN), with centrally managed
hub
 ROUTER
➢A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks,
creating an overlay internetwork.
➢ A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks.
 GATEWAY
➢A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another
network.
➢ Gateway is a network device used to connect two or More dissimilar
networks.
 HUB
➢A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are
commonly used to connect segments of a LAN.
➢A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is
copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all
packets.
 SWITCH
➢A Network Switch (sometimes known as a switching hub) is a computer
networking device that is used to connect many devices together on a
computer network.
 REPEATER
➢ Network Repeaters regenerate incoming electrical, wireless or optical
signals. With physical media like Ethernet or Wi-Fi, data transmissions can
only span a limited distance before the quality of the signal degrades.
 Firewall
A firewall is a security device. It is a computer hardware or software that
can help protect your network by filtering traffic and blocking outsiders
from gaining unauthorized access to the private data on your computer.
Or
A firewall is a system that provides network security by filtering incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on a set of user-defined rules.