NAME - DHWANIT DHOOT

ROLL NO. - 13

CLASS – X A

TOPIC – WEB APPLICATION

SUBMISSION DATE – 28/6/2018

 WEB APPLICATIONS

Introduction
Computers are integral part of our lives today. With
the advancement of electronic devices computer
applications are most widely used in every field like
in offices, schools, colleges and many big
organizations. A computer with an internet
connection helps us a lot in doing many activities.
For example, you can review newspapers, magazines,
listen to music, play games, online shopping, and
much more.
WORKING WITH ACCESSIBILITY
OPTIONS
Accessibility means providing such services for
people with disabilities, so that they can
perform or complete their work without facing
problems.
Similarly, computer accessibility refers to
customizing the functioning of the computer
parts. These Accessibility options enables
people with a disability or impairment to use a
computer.
 There are many types of impairment or
disabilities, that affect the computer usage.
Such disabilities are like:
1. Eyesight like low vision, color blindness,
etc.
2. Dexterity like paralysis of any body part
like arms, hands or fingers injured.
3. Hearing like deafness.
4. Speech impairment.
5.Reasoning like learning disability or
difficult to concentrate.
NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
A computer network is a group of
computers and peripheral devices
connected through data
communication channels that
allows sharing of resources and
of information. Internet is an
example of computer network.
 INTERNET

Internet is a collection of interconnected

computer networks. It uses the standard
Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve the
billions of users worldwide.
Nowadays, Internet is widely used by students,
teachers, educational institutes, engineers,
scientists and others to research, to gather the
information and do many more things.
Internet is the largest encyclopedia for all age
groups. It is also becoming a major source of
entertainment for general public.
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURES
1. Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
In this type of network, all the
computers have an equal status or
position. There is no distinction
between client and server computer.
All computers are responsible for
exchanging/receiving data from one
another.
 2. Client Server
In a client server system, some
computers have special dedicated
tasks providing services to
computers. A computer which is
responsible for providing services
to others is called server and the
computers that use these services
are called clients.
 ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING
• User Communication: Network allows users to
communicate using e-mails, social networking sites,
video conferencing, etc.
• File Sharing: By using networking, data or
information can be shared or transferred from one
computer to another computer.
• Media and Entertainment: Most of the companies
and TV channels use network to broadcast audio
and video including live radio and television
programs.
 WAYS TO CONNECT TO
INTERNET
1. Dial-up Connection: A Dial-up
connection is a connection set up
between your computer and
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
server. It is established using a
modem. The modem connects
computer the telephone lines
which serve as the data transfer
medium.
 2. BROADBAND CONNECTION:
Broadband connections are much faster
than a Dial-up connection because these
signals carry more data. The speed of
broadband connection is measured in Mbps
( Megabits per second). Broadband
connection are of 3 types:
• Cable Modem
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Wireless Connection
 NETWORK DEVICES
A network device is attached to the computer
to connect through various layers. The various
layer networking are as follow:
1. Switch: A switch is a device which connects
multiple connections between two or more
devices linked to switch.
2. Hub: A hub is a central device in a network
that provides common connection among
the computers or nodes. It is used in star
topology.
3. Router: A router is attached to one or more
networks to forward packets from one
network to another.
4. Bridge: A bridge is a networking device
responsible for filtering the data. It checks the
destination address of a packet and decides
whether it should be forwarded or dropped.
It connects two LANs.
5.Repeater: A repeater is a device which
connects two segments of a LAN.
 TYPES OF NETWORK
There are mainly three types of networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): A Local Area
Network is the one which connects
computers and devices in a limited
geographical area such as home, school,
office or any closely placed group of
buildings.
 2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A Wide Area
Network is one which covers a broad area. It
consists of two or more local Area Networks. A
WAN is used by government organizations and
business.

3.Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A Man is a

computer network in which two or more
computers which are geographical distributed but
in the same metropolitan city.
Its geographic scope falls between a LAN and WAN.
 TOPOLOGY
The arrangement of connected nodes
(computers) in a communicating
network is called network layout or
Topology of network. Topology refers
to the way in which a network is laid
out physically. It is geometric
representation of all the nodes to one
another.
There are mainly 4 types of Topologies:
 1. Mesh Topology: In Mesh Topology, each
computer is connected to every other computer
to provide an alternate path for transferring
data.

1. Star Topology: In a star Topology, each

computer is connected to a centrally located
device called hub.
2. Bus Topology: In a bus Topology, one long cable
acts as a backbone to link all the computers in a
network.
4. Ring Topology: In a ring Topology, each
computer is connected with the two computers on
either side of it.
 INSTANT MESSAGING

Instant Messaging is a form of

communication over the internet that offers
an instantaneous transmission of text-based
messages from sender to receiver. To use
instant messaging software, a user must
have a valid messaging account. Some key
features of an instant messaging software
are as follows:
• Sending text-messages to more than one
person at same time.
 • Audio and video calling
• Audio and video conferencing
• Messages History for future reference
• Transferring of files
Instant Messaging Software
Yahoo! Messenger and Windows Live Messenger
are commonly Instant Messaging software. They
use the email addresses for managing the
account, and software like Skype uses standard
names. There are two types of instant
messaging software:
1. Application Based: Application based instant
messaging software is downloaded and
installed on the user’s computer. Google talk,
Skype, Yahoo! Messenger and Windows Live
Messenger are some application based IMs.
2. Web Based: Web based instant messaging
software is accessed using web browsers
such as Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome, etc.
MSN Web messenger and IMO Messenger
are some web based IMs.
 CREATING AN INSTANT
MESSAGING ACCOUNT
Google Talk is an instant messaging service
that allows you to communicate via text and
voice. Google Talk is developed by Google
Inc. you can also make video calls on Google
talk. To use Google talk, you should
download and install it on your computer
desktop or mobile phone. Google talk set up
is freely downloadable. Before starting using
Google talk, a gmail account is required.
You have learnt how to create a gmail
account earlier.
 CHATTING ON GMAIL

We can also use the Gmail account for

chatting. After signing into your account, a
contact window will be displayed on the left
side within the Gmail account. To chat with a
contact, double-click on its name. A pop-up
window will be displayed. Start typing the
messages you want to send.
 CREATING A BLOG
The term Blog refers to ‘Online Dictionary’. Blogs are
used to create personal web pages by non technical
users. Users can easily share their comments,
thoughts and convey messages about events, news
etc. The person who maintains a blog is called
Blogger. Blogs are the textual articles but may even
have photographs, videos and audios, etc. to create a
blog, you need a proper Internet connection. You can
also use offline blog software to create your content
and later publish it when an active Internet
connection is available.
The word ‘weblog’ was coined by Jorn Barger in 1997.
 Some of the popular websites that offer free blog
services are as follows:
• www.wordpress.com
• www.blogger.com
• www.blog.com
• www.blogsome.com
We can also use offline blog software to create your
blog, and publish the content whenever Internet
connectivity is available.
Some free offline Blogs editors are:
1. www.qumana.com
2. www.Blogdesk.com
3. www.Windowslivewriter.com
 ONLINE TRANSACTIONS
E-commerce is a major application of
Internet. Users can buy or sell goods
over the Internet by paying online
using a credit card and debit card.
Some of the popular online
transactions websites are:
• IRCTC
• Flipkart
• Ebay
• Redbus
 E-SHOPPING
E-Shopping is the form of electronic
commerce that allows customers to
directly buy goods from a seller on the
internet by using a web browser. It is also
known as Online Shopping. Customers use
credit/debit cards or net banking to make
payments on the Internet. Various E-
Shopping websites are www.flipkart.com,
www.jabong.com, www.snapdeal.com, etc.
 INTERNET SECURITY
Internet security is a major concern nowadays. It
involves network security and browser security.
Many online threats make the computer insecure.
Phishing, email spoofing, etc. increases the chance
of users getting compromised.

Best Practices for Security

1. Use strong Passwords: A strong password is a
combination of alphanumeric and special
characters. Do not use your mobile number,
friends name, etc. for a password. Change your
password frequently at least once in 2 or 3
weeks.
 2. Backup Your Data: Always keep
your personal data in CDs, pen drive,
etc. This may be helpful in a loss of
data situation.
3. Do not share personal Information:
Never share your personal
information while filling online forms.
4. Install Firewalls: Firewalls acts
as a bridge between your computer
and other systems from which you are
getting data.
THANK YOU