Chapter one
the Internet
The internet is a global network of interconnected networks.
The internet is not a place but a medium, similar to radio and television
This includes millions of corporate, government, organisational, and private networks
Many of the servers (hard drives and software) in these networks hold files, such as Web pages
and videos, that can be accessed by all networked computers
Every computer, cell phone, or other networked device can send and receive data in the form of
e-mail or other digital files over the internet.
These data move over phone lines, cables, and satellites from sender to receiver
The History of the internet
three technical roles
1- Content providers:
create information, entertainment, and so forth that reside on Web
2- Users (client computers):
who access content and send e-mail and other content over the network
3- Technology infrastructure
to move, create, and view or listen to the content (the software and hardware)
There are three types of access to the internet
Public internet
The global network that is accessible by anyone, anywhere, anytime
Intranet
A network that runs internally in a corporation but uses internet standards such as HTML and
browsers
is like a mini-internet but with password protection for internal corporate consumption.
Extranet
Two or more proprietary networks that are joined for the purpose of sharing information
If two companies, or a company and its suppliers or customers, link their intranets, they would
have an extranet. Access is limited to extranet members
World Wide Web (www)
The Web is the portion of the internet that supports a graphical user interface for hypertext
navigation with a browser
An information sharing model built on top of the internet
Internet and Web
The Web is a way of accessing data over the medium of the internet
internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure that holds billions of
interconnected computers
WEB 1.0
mainly a read-only web, static and somewhat mono-directional
The websites included static HTML pages that updated infrequently
Businesses could provide catalogues or brochures to present their productions using the web
people could read them and contact with the businesses
The main goal of the websites was to publish the information for anyone at any time and
establish an online presence
Drawbacks of web 1.0
1- The websites were not interactive and indeed were as brochure-ware
2- Users and visitors of the websites could only visit the sites without any impacts or contributions
3- Core protocols of web 1.0 were HTTP, HTML and URI
WEB 2.0
the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as
platform
Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them
is also known the wisdom web, people-centric web, participative web, and read-write web
Features
1- reading as well as writing, the web could become bi-directional
2- users of web 2.0 have more interaction with less control
3- support collaboration and to help gather collective intelligence
WEB 3.0
The main important purpose of semantic web is to make the web readable by machines and not
only by humans
Semantic Web can be defined as a web of data
The aim of design web of data is machines first, humans later.
The main difference between web 2.0 and web 3.0 is that web 2.0 targets on content creativity
of users and producers while web 3.0 targets on linked data sets
WEB 4.0
also known as the “Symbiotic Web”
It emerges as a new Web generation and it bring together all aspects of Web 2.0 and Web
3.0 to become truly ubiquitous
There are several technologies associated with web 4.0
1- artificial intelligence
2- nanotechnology
3- telecommunications
4- controlled interfaces
5- intelligent agents
6- mobile technologies
7- cloud computing services
