GE E 104

LIVING IN THE
IT ERA
 THE WEB AND THE
INTERNET
 Overview
 Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to
access information over the web. However, it can be
defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global
system of interconnected computer networks
 CLASSIFICATION OF WEB
 WEB 1.0
 WEB 2.0
 WEB 3.0
 The WEB
 The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information
organized into Web pages containing text and graphic
images. The world wide web is larger collection of
interconnected documents or content. It contains
hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that
lead to related information. A collection of linked Web
pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web
site.
A. Web 1.0 (Read Only
Static Web)
 It is an old internet that only allows people to read from
the internet. First stage worldwide linking web pages and
hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses
table to positions and align elements on page.

 • Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

 • Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
 • It means web is use as “Information Portal”
 • It started with the simple idea “put content together”
Example of Web 1.0
 • Mp3.com
 • Home Page
 • Directories
 • Page Views
 • HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
 Read only web
 Limited user interaction
 Lack of standards
B. Web 2.0 (Read-write
interactive web)
 It is an old internet that only allows people to read from
the internet. First stage worldwide linking web pages and
hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses
table to positions and align elements on page.

 • Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

 • Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
 • It means web is use as “Information Portal”
 • It started with the simple idea “put content together”
 A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based
social media sites to stay connected with friends, family,
colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can
have a social purpose, a business purpose, or both,
through sites such as:

Example
 Facebook
 Twitter
 LinkedIn
 Google+
 Pinterest
 Tumblr
 Instagram
 Page
 B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website
published on the world wide web consisting of discrete,
often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are
typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that
the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web
page.

Example
 WordPress
 Blogger
 Tumbler/Tumblr
 C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively
edited and managed by its own audience directly using a
web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the
subjects or scope of the project and may be either open
to the public or limited to use within an organization for
maintaining its internal knowledge base.
Example
 Wikipedia
 Wikibooks
 Wikiversity
 Commons
 Wiktionary
 Wikiquote
 Wikivoyage
 Wikidata
 Wikinews
 Wikispecies
 MediaWiki
 D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people
upload and share their video clips with the public at large
or to invited guests.

Example Example
 Youtube  Photobucket
 Facebook  Twitter
 LinkedIn  Veoh
 Flickr  Dailymotion
 Photobucket  VimeoPRO
 LinkedIn  Myspace.com
 Flickr  Metacafe
C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent
web)
 •Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third
generation of the web.
 • In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded
with more features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way
interaction.
 • Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web
technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine
learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
 • Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and
reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
 • It is a web of data.
 • Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the
system rather than humans.
Types of Websites

 • eCommerce Website - is a website people can directly buy products from

you’ve probably used a number of eCommerce websites before, most big
brands and plenty of smaller ones have one. Any website that includes a
shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card information to make a
purchase falls into this category.

 Example
 C2C - Consumer to consumer
 C2B - Consumer to business
 B2G - Business to government
 G2B - Government to business
 Business Website – is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific
business. It should be branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and
communicate the types of products and/or services the business offers.

Example:
 GoogleAds
 Youtube

 Entertainment Website If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can
probably think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

Example:
 Liongsgate.com
 MGAE.com
 dmg-entertainment.com
 Portfolio Website - are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service
providers who want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can
use a portfolio website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done.

Examples
1. Yasio
2. Steven Mengin
3. Theib
4. Victoire
 Media Website - collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here
with entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported
pieces in addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.

Examples
1. Facebook
2. Instagram
3. Twitter / X
4. WhatsApp
5.Tiktok
6.Reddit
 Brochure Website - are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses
that know they need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it
(maybe you’re confident you’ll continue to get most of your business from other
sources).

Examples:
 Unless Agency
 Super Soco
 Hagedorn
 Yomira
 Moorlands School
 Deakin Dental
 Ep Bitumen
 Clarity Benefit Solutions
 The Neat Space
 Spazioequilibrio7
 Nonprofit Website In the same way that businesses need websites to be their
online presence, nonprofits do as well.

Example:
 Educational Website The websites of educational institutions and those
offering online courses fall into the category of educational websites.

 Examples
 Infopreneur Website websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce
websites, but they represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs
create and sell information products. That could be in the form of courses,
tutorials, videos or eBooks.

 Examples
•BLOGGER
 Personal Website Not all websites exist to make money in some way or
another. Many people find value in creating personal websites to put their
own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal blogs, vlogs,
and photo diaries people share with the world.

 Examples
•WIX
•CANVA
•Weebly
 Wiki or Community Forum Website Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous
example of one out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on petty much any subject you can
imagine.

 phpBB – Hundreds of free extensions available

 MyBB – Fewer extensions available
 Vanilla Forums – Some free add-ons, more paid extensions
 WordPress – A lot of paid and free plugins are available
 Joomla! – Fewer plugins available
 Drupal – Lots of paid and free modules available
 Simple Machines Forum – Large collection of modules available
 BuddyBoss – Ideal for courses
 FluxBB – Limited plugin options
 Codoforum – Free and paid plugins available
 Discourse – Lots of free and paid plugins available
 Flarum – Free and paid plugins available
 The Internet
 The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest
computer network in the world that connects billions of
computer user. The word internet comes from combination
between “interconnection” and “network”. Network is a
collection of computers and devices connected via
communication channels and transmission media allow to share
resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.
 A. Brief History of Internet ARPA – Advanced Research Project
Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer
network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation
to every computer in the network. Even if, one or two node
destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the word
internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western
Reserve University 1991: US government allowed business agencies
to connect to internet
B. Major Components of the Internet
 1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer
program and it’s user.
 Types of Servers
 Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an
application program.
 Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
 Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device,
such as computer and another server from which a user is requesting.
 Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and
remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery
 File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data
files so that other computer on the same network can access them.
 Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides
authorization services and facilities tracking and control of files.
 2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each
device. This provides identity to a network device.
 3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look
information on
 Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla
 4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access
information online through domain names.

 Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

 5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for
accessing, using or participating in the internet.

 Two types of ISP:

 National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns
nationwide.

 Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
 • Look for information
 • School works, jobs, and home purposes
 • Send and receive electronic mail
 • Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
 • Buy and sell product
 • Social networking
 • Watch & post videos
 • Games
 • Take college courses
 • Monitor home while away
 • Financial transactions
 • Download music and movies
D. Internet Terms and Definition

 • Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by

data lines and wireless systems.
 • Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web
browser
 Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments,
photos, and videos
 • Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each
other over the Internet
 • Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically
downloaded from the Internet
 •HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how
to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user
clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user
to a specific linked web page.
 • URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote
resource on the world wide web.
 • Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a
bit or 0 is a bit.
 • Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
 • Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
 • Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your
computer.
 • HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication
standard of web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures
should work correctly in a web browser.
 Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the
traffic cop for network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A
router can be wired or wireless or both.
 • Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from
eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into
meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble.
 • Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent
agents) used on the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as
posting messages to multiple newsgroups or doing searches for information.
 • Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www
browser users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases
 THE NETIQUETTE AND
THE COMPUTER ETHICS
 Overview
 The Netiquette and The Computer ethics discusses
about the ethical issues in the field of computer. May it
be in online or practicing in professional.
 Netiquette
 What is Netiquette?
 What is Netiquette? Simple stated, it’s network etiquette – that is the etiquette of
cyberspace and “etiquette” means the forms of required by good breeding or
prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life. In other words,
netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.
 Cybercrimes
 Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the
crime (hacking, phishing, spamming and child pornography) is used as a tool
to commit an offense.
 Cybercriminals may use computer technology to access personal information,
business trade secrets or use the internet for exploitative or malicious
purposes.
 Republic Act No. 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is a law in the
Philippines approved on September 12,2012 which aims to address legal issues
concerning online interactions and internet.

 Republic Act No. 10173 Data Privacy Act of 2012 is an act protecting
individual personal information.
 COMMON FORMS OF
CYBERCRIMES:
 A. Copyright The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to
print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and
to authorize others to do the same.
 Copyright infringement is the violation, piracy or theft of a copyright holder's
exclusive rights through the unauthorized use of a copyrighted material or work.
 B. Plagiarism An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and
thoughts of another author without authorization.

 C. Computer Addiction
 • Offline: generally used when speaking about excessive gaming behavior, which can
be practiced both offline and online.
 • Online: Also known as “Internet Addiction”, gets more attention in general from
scientific research than offline computer addiction, mainly because most cases of
computer addiction are related to the excessive use of the Internet. *Virtual Self -
The persona you create about yourself virtually.
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
 A. Hacking
 • Unauthorized access of or interference with computer systems, servers, or other information
and communication systems
 • Unauthorized access to corrupt, alter, steal, or destroy electronic data using computers or
other information and communication systems without the computer or system owner’s
knowledge and consent
 • The introduction of computer viruses resulting in the corruption, alteration, theft, or loss of
such data
 • Illegal Access
 • Illegal Interception
 • Data Interference
 • System Interference
 • Misuse of Devices
 • Infection of IT Systems with Malware – if the act is committed against critical infrastructure
of the Philippines the, penalty is between 12-20 years reclusion temporal
 • Six years up to twelve years of imprisonment also known as prison mayor.
 B. Computer-related forgery, fraud and/or identity theft
 • An attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit
card details and (indirectly money), often for malicious reasons.
 • Phishing
 • Pharming
 • Spam
 • Maximum of Php 200,000 fine or prison mayor
f. Child Pornography
• Is a form of child sexual exploitation.
• Unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by Republic Act No. 9775 or the
AntiChild Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer system.
• Penalty of 12-20 years of imprisonment or reclusion temporal
Internet Threats
 DIGITAL TEACHNOLOGY
AND SOCIAL CHANGE
 Overview
 The internet and telecommunication industry in the 1990s changed the way we
connect and exchange information. Digital technology impacted people in many
ways. By the way people live, work, learn, and socialize. Digital technology
comprises of electronic tools, devices and systems that generate, store and process
data.
Introduction to the Digital
Age
 Digital age, also known as Information age, is a period when the computer
and internet were introduced. It is caused by rapid shift from traditional
industry to computerization all the way to artificial intelligence which
brought by Industrial Revolution. These technologies enabled people to
communicate information easily and rapidly.
The ICT and its role in Social Change

 Information Communications Technology (ICT) has the power to transform society.

ICT is defined as a group of interrelated technologies (electronic devices) for
accessing, processing, and disseminating information. It is a system of electronic
network activated through a complex hardware and software systems linked by a
vast array of technical protocols.
 Social change refers to a transformation of culture and social
organizations/structures over time. We are aware that in a modern world, a
society is never static and that of social, political, economic, and cultural changes
occurs constantly.
 Entertainment - CES Photo Imaging and Post Processing With the advent of new
technologies, the world of entertainment is constantly evolving. Digital broadcasting has
completely changed the way we experience television and radio. Cinema can now be
found at the comfort of your home through application such as Netflix, iFlix, etc. We get
entertained by the content that we see in Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram.
 Business - The impact of ICT on business is particularly significant. It empowers people to
share knowledge and advice instantaneously and set up an online shop or website at a
low cost, dramatically lowering the barriers to starting a business. As such, ICT maturity
is closely linked to economic growth.
 Education - The impact of ICT on teachers, trainers, learners, researchers and the entire
education society is tremendous. It is changing the way of the education delivery system
in the world by enhancing access to information for all.
 Jobs and earnings - Beyond income security, employment fulfils a number of important
roles for human wellbeing, such as time structure, social contact, a sense of purpose, a
valued social position as well as an opportunity for skill use. For this reason, the labor
market effects of the digital transformation are among the most significant for people’s
well-being.
 Health - The effects of mobile phones, video games, and the pervasiveness of
ubiquitous screens on the mental health of children and teenagers have
drawn significant attention in the public debate because they may present
risks of addiction.
 Extreme Internet use, defined as children who spend more than 6 hours on
the Internet outside of school, is becoming more common among children and
teenagers, with time spent online by 15-year-olds increasing by about 40
minutes between 2012 and 2015 on average.
Social Constructivism ,
Technological Determinism &
Technological Change

 Technological Determinism
 t is the theory which strongly believe that technology shapes the culture, values,
social structures of a society. The main reason why society progresses is because of
the kind technology the society has
Social Constructivism

 Social Constructivism
 is the opposite of the Technological Determinism. Social Constructivism believes
that humans play a main role in shaping technology rather than technology shaping
society. It believes that technology does not determine human action, but rather,
human action shapes the technology. Our curiosity, the hunger to expand, and the
need to do things efficiently drive us to create these technologies.
 Technological Change
 Technological change means the technical knowledge used in the production of
capital and machinery. The various changes in technology leads to an increase in
the productivity of labor, capital and other production factors. Technological
progress comprises of creation of skill, new means of production, new uses of raw
materials and the widespread use of machinery.