AR12- 98 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
MODULE 2
Ar. BENEDICTSURESH GIA
MODULE 2
TOPICS TO BE COVERED :
▪ Introduction to construction scheduling techniques
▪ Bar chart
▪ Gantt chart.
▪ Work break down structure,
▪ Network representation,
▪ Principles and application of CPM & PERT
Introduction to Construction Scheduling Techniques
▪ In complex, interrelated business activities, the manager or the administrator constantly
looks forward to those techniques or methods which helps them in planning, scheduling
and controlling such activities.
▪ The concept of network planning and critical path analysis have greatly assisted them. The
network approach to action planning is a major advance in management science.
▪ It is a technique through which large projects are broken down to individual jobs or events
and arranged in a logical network.
▪ These individual jobs are given time estimates for their execution, and the network helps
in identifying those jobs or events which controls the completion of the project.
▪ The goal of a project can only be reached through precise scheduling techniques that take
into account all various constraints such as time and economic resources.
▪ Techniques such as PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path
Method) and GANTT are the most used to plan into details a project, prevent uncertainties
and avoid risk.
▪ These three techniques complete each other and offer a wide range of scenarios that
could occur during the development of a project.
▪ The aim of scheduling techniques is to reach the goal on time without wasting precious
and limited resources.
▪ On the other hand it’s an important tool to prevent in advance future situations and to
promptly identify future issues that can compromise the success of the project.
▪ Thought the use of these techniques all the single steps of a project are defined in
advance, the goals are clear and the resources are properly allocated.
Every project has therefore constraints that can be summed up into the
Project Management Triangle - this picture.
▪ Every project has therefore constraints that can be summed up into the Project
Management Triangle of above picture. The most important interlinked constraints of a
project are: time, cost and quality.
▪ Above picture shows that the value of two constraints determine the third one.
For example, you can build a house quickly with a really high quality but it will cost heaps. On
the other hand, you can choose to save up and reduce costs and build it in short time but the
quality won’t be excellent.
▪ Through this example, it can be understood that projects has to deal with limitations and
with compromises. Managing and supervising a project is not an easy job and its
management is the crucial issue.
"The Project Management is the application of knowledge, attitudes, techniques and tools to
the activities that form a project to reach successfully the goals."
▪ The network representation of projects or activities has its basis in milestone charts which
are modified, improved version of bar charts. While the latter are inadequate for large
projects, they have their own merits when applied to fairly small projects.
▪ In a programme where there are a large number of activities that can be stated with a
certain degree of concurrency, the bar chart cannot show clearly the interdependencies
among the various efforts or activities. This is a serious deficiency. The mere fact that two
or more activities are scheduled for simultaneous or overlapping times does not
necessarily make them related or interdependent, or completely independent.
▪ A Gantt chart, commonly used in project management, is one of the most popular and
useful ways of showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against time.
▪ On the left of the chart is a list of the activities and along the top is a suitable time scale.
▪ Each activity is represented by a bar; the position and length of the bar reflects the start
date, duration and end date of the activity.
