Numerical Formulas

For all entrance exams

First Edition
Sandesh Kolgaonkar

Editing & Designing

Shweta Kapoor

SK E books Press, 2006

Not For Sell, Non Commercial Edition

© 2006 , Copyright Sandesh Kolgaonkar.

All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof, may not be used or
reproduced in any manner without written permission of from sandesh
kolgaonkar.

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Author : Sandesh Kolgaonkar
Reference : Mumbai University Books on Mathematics.
Date : 31 / 12 / 2006

sandeshkolgaonkarshwetakapoor
 Arithmetics
Relations : -

➢ If a = b , b = c then a= c
➢ If a > b , b > c then a> c
➢ If a < b , b < c then a < c
➢ If ab < bc then a < c
➢ If ab > bc then b > c
➢ If a > b , c > d then a + c > b + d
➢ If a > b , c < d then a - c > b – d
➢ If a < b , c < d then a - c < b - d
➢ If a > b & a,b both positive then 1/a < 1/b
➢ x2 = n2 then x = n or -n

Progressions : -

Arithmetic Progression ( 1,2,3,.....) :-

∑n = n /2 x [ a + L ]

n – no of terms , a – first no , L – last no

∑n = n/ 2 x [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d]

n – no of terms , a – first no ,
d – common difference of series ( 2nd term - 1st term )

Geometric Progression (1,11,111,....) :-

nth term of a GP = ar n-1

sum of n term of series in GP

a (r n -1 )
∑n = ----------------- where r > 1
(r + 1)

a (r n + 1 )
∑n = ----------------- where r < 1
(r + 1)
Sum of Natural Numbers :-

Sum of first n natural numbers

∑n = n ( n+1) / 2

Sum of square of first n natural numbers

∑n2 = n ( n+1) ( 2n+1 ) / 6

Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers

2
∑n3 = [ n ( n+1) / 2 ]

Permutation :-

n!
n
p r = ---------------
(n–r)!

Permutation is arrangement of terms.

Combination :-

n!
n
c r = ---------------
r! ( n – r ) !

Combination is selection between given terms.

Number System :-

complex no
|
|---------------------------------|
Imaginary no Real no
|
|----------------------|
Irrational Rational
|
|----------------------|
Fraction Integers
|
|----------------------|
Prime Composite

Real No – numbers like 3 , 5 , ½, √5

Imaginary No – numbers like √-2, √-7

Rational No – A no which can expressed as ratio of two integers.

½ , -8/4 ,0 ,4,5
Irrational No - roots of rational no that cannot be expressed as fraction
√5, √3.

Prime No - no that cannot be divided by any no except itself & 1. all

prime no are odd except 2.

Composite No – numbers can divided by some numbers other than

itself & 1.

Test of Divisibility

➔ Every even number is divisible by 2 . ex – 2 , 4

➔ A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of digit of given number is
divisible by 3 . ex – 81 , 8 + 1 = 9 , 9/3 = 3 therefore 81 is
divided by 3.
➔ A number is divisible by 4 if last two digit of given number divisible
by 4. ex – 416 ( 16 divisible by 4 ), 520.
➔ A number is divisible by 5 if unit digit is either 0 or 5. ex – 10, 25
➔ Any number divisible 2 & 3 if the number formed by last three digit is
divisible by 6.
➔ A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by last three digit is
divisible by 8. or Numbers having 0 as last three digit . ex – 4000,
8520.
➔ A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of digit of given number is
divisible by 9. ex – 81, 27
➔ A number is divisible by 10 if unit digit is 0. ex – 10, 100, 30 , 50.

Simplification :-

For simplification rule is BODMAS where B = Bracket, O – of , D –

division, M -multiplication, A -Addition, S – Subtraction.

Percentages :-

a% = a / 100

i. If a is x% more than b then b is less than a by

[ x/(100 + x ) x100 ]%
ii. If a is x% less than b then b is more than a by
[ x/(100 – x ) x100 ]%
 Algebra
Expansions

➢ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
➢ (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
➢ (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
➢ (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
➢ ( a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

Factorization

➢ a2 – b2 = ( a + b ) ( a – b)
➢ a + b = ( a + b ) ( a2 - ab + b2 )
3 3

➢ a - b = ( a - b ) ( a2 + ab + b2 )
3 3

Identities

➢ (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2 )

➢ (a + b) - (a – b) = 4ab
2 2

In dices

➢ am x an = a ( m + n )
➢ am / an = a ( m - n )
➢ a0 = 1
➢ a-m = 1 / a m
➢ a1/m = m√a
➢ ( a * b ) m= amx bm
➢ ( a / b ) m= am / bm
➢ ( a m)n = a m*n

Logarithms

➢ ax = n then log a n = x
➢ log a ( m n ) = log a m + log a n
➢ log a ( m / n ) = log a m - log a n
➢ log a ( m ) n = n log a m
➢ log b n = log a n / log a b

Surd

➢ ( n√a )n = a
➢
n
√ a * n√ b = n√ab
➢
n
√ a / n√ b = n√a / b
➢
m
√ n√ a = m n√a = n√ m
√a
➢
m
√ p√ a p = m p √a p = m
√a
Quadratic Equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0 then value of x

2–
-b + √ ( b 4ac )

∝= ----------------------
2a

-b - √ ( b 2 – 4ac )
ß= ----------------------
2a

Simple Equation

One Unknown term

1x + 5 = 6

can be solved by simple method

1x = 6 – 5
1x = 1
x=1

Two Unknown Terms

1x + 5y = 6

this equation can be solved by factorization or other methods but it is

highly impossible to tell exact values of unknown terms.
 Geometry

Area

Equivalent √3/4 x length 2

Triangle

Triangle ½ x base x height or

√s(s–a)(s-b) (s – c)
where 2s = a+b+c & a,b,c length of triangle

Square ( side ) 2
or ½ ( diagonal ) 2

Rectangle Length x Breadth

Circle 2πr2

Parallelogram base x height

Trapezium ½ x (a+b)h where a , b – length of parallel side & h –

difference between them

Rhombus ½ x product of diagonals

Other Rules
• Diagonal of square = s√2
• Diagonal of rectangle = s√ length2 x breadth2
• Perimeter = 2 ( length + breadth)
• Circumference of circle = 2πr
• Area of sector of circle = ½ x r x l
• length of circle = ( ∅ / 360 ) x 2πr

Pythagoras Rule ( Only for Right angle triangle )

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

Volume & surface areas

Cuboid or Rectangular solid

• Volume = l x b x h cu. units

• where l,b,h lengths of the co terminal edges
• Total surface area = 2 (lb + bh + lh )
• Length of longest diagonal = √ l2 + b2 + h2
Cube
Volume = side3
Area of curved surface = 6 x side2
Diagonal= s √3

Right Circular Cylinder

Volume = πr2h
Area of curved surface = 2πrh
Total surface area = (2πrh + 2π2 )

Right Circular Cone

Volume =1/3 x πr2h
Area of curved surface = πrl where r – base radius , l – slant hieght
Total surface area = (πrl + πr2 )

Sphere
Volume =4/3 x πr3
Total surface area =4 x πr2

Angle Measurement

Total of Interior Angles in

Degrees
Triangle 180
Rectangle 360
Square 360
Pentagon 540
Circle 360

Some Facts

• In a triangle, interior opposite angle is always less than exterior

angle.
• Sum of 2 interior opposite angles of a triangle is always equal to
exterior angle.
• Triangle can have at one most obtuse angle.
• Angle made by altitude of a triangle with side on which it is drawn is
equal to 90 degrees.
• in parallelogram opposite angles are equal.
 Mathematics
Calendar

• Normal Year of 365 days = 52 x 7 + 1 day

• Leap Year of 366 days = 52 x 7 + 2 days
• 100 years = 17 weeks + 5 days
• 200 years = 1 week + 3 day
• 300 years = 2 weeks + 1 day
• 400 years = no odd day
• 0 odd day = Sunday
• 1 odd day = Monday
• 2 odd day = Tuesday
• 3 odd day = Wednesday
• 4 odd day = Thursday
• 5 odd day = Friday
• 6 odd day = Saturday

Time & Work

a) If A can do a work in X days then A's one day work = 1/x
b) If A's one day work is 1/ x then A can finish his work in X days

Velocity & Distance

• Distance Traveled = Speed x Time
• If two objects are moving in the same direction, their relative speed =
Difference between their speed
• If two objects are moving in the opposite direction, their relative
speed = sum of their speed
• 1 km /hour = 5/18 meters/sec
• 1meter/second = 18/5 km/hour

Interest

• Simple Interest = ( p x n x r ) / 100

where p – principle deposite , n – no of years , r – rate of interest
• Compound Interest = P [ 1 + (r / 100 )] n
• Compound Interest for Half Year = P [ 1 + { (r /2) /100}]2n
• Compound Interest for Quater Year = P [ 1 + { (r /4) /100}]4n
• When rate are different for different year then
Amount = P [1+(r1 /100 ]+.....P[1+(r n /100 ]
• Difference Between Simple & Compound Interest
= P [ 1 + (r / 100 )] n - P [ 1 + ( n r /100)]
 Numerical Charts
Squares

Number Square Number Square Number Square

1 1 11 121 21 441
2 4 12 144 22 484
3 9 13 169 23 529
4 16 14 196 24 576
5 25 15 225 25 625
6 36 16 256 26 676
7 49 17 289 27 729
8 64 18 324 28 784
9 81 19 361 29 841
10 100 20 400 30 900

Cubes & Other Powers

Number ( X) X3 X4 X5
1 1 1 1
2 8 16 32
3 27 81 243
4 64 256 1024
5 125 625 3125
6 216 1296 7776
7 343 2401 16807
8 512 4096 32768
9 729 6561 59049
10 1000 10000 100000

Square Roots

No Roots No Roots No Roots No Roots

1 1 5 2.23 9 3 36 6
2 1.41 6 2.44 10 3.16 49 7
3 1.73 7 2.64 16 4 64 8
4 2 8 2.82 25 5 81 9
Multiplication

1 to 10 :-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

11 to 20

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
3 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
4 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80
5 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
6 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
7 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140
8 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160
9 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180
10 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
About SK E Book Press :-
It private home based company launched by sandesh ,We have
launched number of e books on basic study material. Most of
books are available freely on net and any one can distribute
from one to another.

About Author :-
Author is owner of Ebook press. He knows English, German,
Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Sanskrit, Punjabi. He has Special Ability
Certification of Mathematics from Bharati University . He has
studied Trigonometry, Arithmetics, Algebra, Geometry in his
educational life,
 SK E book Press
All rights reserved, 2006

Sandeshkolgaonkarshwetakapoor