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 Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction
The Fundamentals of Contemporary Calligraphy 7
The beginner's guide to modern calligraphy 8
Measure 1: focus! 9
Measure 2: procedure 10
Measure 3: exercise 11
Design Types 11
Calligraphy 12
Hand lettering 12

Chapter 2
Hand Lettering
How to start hand lettering 16
 1. Get your tools 16
2. Know about letter construction and relation 16
3. Learn the anatomy of letters 17
4. Choose a lettering style 18
5. Add dimension, details and decorative elements 23
6. Draw expressive letterforms 26
Basic Hand Lettering Terminology 30
Hand Lettering Alphabet 30
 Chapter 3
Calligraphy
Different Types of Calligraphy as Unique Lettering 34
Western Calligraphy 34
Eastern Asian Calligraphy 34
Southern Asian Calligraphy 35
Islamic Calligraphy 35
The Modern Era of Calligraphy Writing 35
The Importance of Calligraphy Art in the Contemporary World 36
Calligraphy Tools and Supplies 36
Sketching Tools 37
Calligraphy Pens 38
NibCare 40
Inks 40
Cartridge Pen Inks 41
Papers 42
Other Supplies 43
Using a Light Box 43
Adding Color 44
List of Supplies 46

Chapter 4
 How to Make Calligraphy
Strokes
Pen Angle 48
Thin Lines 48
Thick Lines 48
Curves 48
Nib Width 49
 Make A Ladder 49
Draw Guidelines 49
Ascenders And Descenders 49
Building Strokes 50
Stroke Order 50
Practice Strokes 50
Letter Construction In Depth 50
Letter “A” 51
Letter “C” 51
Letter “D” 51
Letter“N” 51
Letter“R” 52
Lettering Terms 52
Minuscule 53
Majuscule 53
Display Capital 53
Cursive 53
Serif 54
Built-Up Letters 54
Letter Spacing 54
Well-Spaced Letters 54
Too Much Space 54
Irregular Spacing 55
 Chapter 5
15 Alphabets from Basic to
Fancy
Foundational 57
Carolingian 58
Italic 58
Roman 59
Gothic 59
Gothicized Italic 60
Batarde 60
Batarde Swash Majuscule 61
Versals 62
12 Calligraphy Projects Step by Step 62
Bookplates 63
The most effective method to make a Banner 66
Greeting Cards 67
Bookmarks 70
Logos 71

Chapter 6
Business Cards and Letterhead
Wedding Announcements 76
Invitations 78
Place Cards and Thank-You ’ s 79
Monograms 80
Letters Create a Shape 80
Center Stage Letter 82
 Chapter 7

How to Introduce Kids to Calligraphy

 Chapter 8
Hand Lettering for Beginners:
5 Lettering Tutorials to Get You
Going
1. Choose Your Pens & Pencils 87
• Pencils: Mechanical or Lead-In 87
• Pens 87
2. Choose Your Paper 87
3. Do Some Warm-Up Exercises 88
4. Start Lettering! 88
5. Produce a Finished Piece 89
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Hand lettering is the making of artistic lettering. It's more to do with painting
or drawing letters than with customary handwriting. Each letter is framed
from various repeating shapes, requiring a lot of precision, creativity, and
patience. From different varieties of block letters to cursive content to cutting
edge lettering methods, for example, bounce lettering, faux calligraphy and
brush lettering, there is a wide variety of letters in order and hand-lettering
styles. Distinctive hand lettering styles can be joined with one another,
adorned, enhanced with decorative features, and amassed to frame total
expressions. This implies there are no restrictions to your creativity with hand
lettering, as long as you follow several essential guidelines. Here, we reveal
to you all

that you have to know: what materials you will require as a beginner, what to
consider when you're hand lettering and how to gain proficiency with the
different lettering letter sets.

The specialty of hand lettering allows more opportunity in the translation of

fonts and letters, and you can utilize pretty much any sort of pen to make the
text, including markers, brush pen, and even ballpoint pens. Hand lettering
has gotten particularly well known lately. You may have seen wonderful
instances of hand lettering in weddings where it's utilized to brighten
invitations and menu cards, or via social media feeds where it appears as
though the professionals can expound just on any word perfectly and easily.
6
The Fundamentals
of Contemporary Calligraphy
By addresses on your envelopes into escort cards into wedding-day signage,
the applications for calligraphy are practically unlimited- as are the designs.
Contemporary calligraphy has loosened the constraints that customary hand-
lettering follows, which means there is a ribbon alongside a flourish to
coordinate any kind of celebration.
Ashley Meyers combs, the creative mind behind smash + co.., states, "there
are many unmistakable sorts of calligraphy these days. I am continually
finding new letterers and artists, and I am perpetually propelled by their
extraordinary takes on a customary art form." she gives us an overview of
your decisions, notwithstanding the circumstances you need to know about
when you are searching for the best calligraphy for the defining moment.
All in all, what makes calligraphy "contemporary"? Well, there are two or
three answers. "For me, it is the pits," combs say. "Vintage calligraphy stays
consistent with its sources in copperplate content, and this is very predictable
and exact, while contemporary lettering designs receive the imperfections
which could cause them to feel substantially more easygoing. Structures
range from classic and formal to exceptionally easygoing - additionally called
messier or cluttered!" ink and paper options, the sort of the letters, alongside
the makeup of these expressions likewise large effect on which makes
calligraphy more contemporary. "All things considered, there is no manual or
glossary," says Combs. "At the point when you are attempting to choose
which style or artist is perfect for you, do your research. Save whatever that
speaks to you actually, which can assist you with distinguishing design in all
that you appreciate. Find a photo of a job that you appreciate, at that point
connect into the designer."

No issue what design you go for; there are two or three basic words you
should comprehend as you are familiarizing yourself with your decisions.
Pen calligraphy "pen calligraphy is made utilizing a nib and ink in this
manner the stream of the ribbon has thick and thin parts. A smooth paper is
commonly best since nibs can catch on anything having an unpleasant vibe,"
says Combs.
Brush calligraphy brush improvement is made utilizing a paintbrush and ink
or paint. "you have a lot of choices for paint, out of gouache and watercolor
to ink or acrylic, and each might be mixed with water to modify the depth,
which can affect the sort of design," combs explains.
Monoline calligraphy "this is one of my preferred designs, and it is made out
of direct lettering made with a fountain or felt-tip pencil," says Combs.
Together with a monoline, you don't get the thick-and-thin variations that you
get from a pencil or brush lettering.
Faux calligraphy as opposed to a brush or pencil, at that point faux
calligraphy is created utilizing an ordinary pencil or markers to imitate the
thin and thick lines of exemplary calligraphy. "This could be a fantastic
strategy to get a single word, yet it is consuming, so it is incapable to get a
more unpredictable article," combs says.
At the point when you find that the style that is ideal for you, the entire world
is your oyster so far as strategies to incorporate it in your wedding.
"Blackboards, mirror, window panes, and colossal bits of wood make great
canvases for welcome signs and menus," combs say. "I love to go over
materials which are inspired by the situating of an event, similar to signage
on recovered timber to get a Victorian wedding, or put cards bits of stones
and sea glass for a beach wedding" you may even dress up more
conventional and simple decisions, for example, utilizing great paper
utilizing a raw edge to bring a sentimental vibe, or swapping dark or colored
ink to get a metallic one to get a bit of complexity.

Ready to hire a calligrapher for the wedding? Combs has two or three things
to bear in mind. "To begin with, it is critical to understand the gap between
lettering and hand fonts," she states. "A font style or typeface is predesigned
and made by a PC, so every letter is unclear, and the distances and relations
between letters are in every case precisely the equivalent. A few fonts
emulate the presence of calligraphy, yet not one will truly copy the
extraordinary character of lettering made by hand" on the other side,
calligraphy and hand lettering will be specific to each client and design, made
to best match the mix of letters and words inside a creation. "It is a time
consuming of art, which clarifies correctly why calligraphy costs over a
greeting layout that consolidates just fonts," combs portrays. "It very well
may be significant to explore sites with pre-designed greeting templates to
acquire a thought at costs and designs; however ladies should know any hand
decoration or calligraphy is custom work and will be priced as such."
Wanting to get an uncommon and specially designed structure yet working
on a severe financial plan? Talk with your designer about decisions. "Printing
is regularly what drives the expense of a greeting package, yet you will
discover imaginative arrangements," says brushes. "For my customers, I give
digital records they could have distributed themselves. You may likewise
have digital files made to a stamp to forestall printing altogether. Everyone
has a budget, and it comes down to what your needs are!"

The beginner's guide to modern

calligraphy
Should you wind up needing to make calligraphy however you don't have any
piece of information where to start? I will help you through which provides to
buy, the best approach to hold the pencil, and the best approach to practice.
You have to dive into the magnificent universe of lettering, however, one
Google search is everything necessary to turn out to be completely
overpowered by the infinite sea of broadcasts and scribbles, pencils and pens,
and everything in between.
I recall that feeling myself once I started to truly get into the bible four
decades back (and in those days there was not by any means a segment of the
info available that there's present!)
All I wanted to be somewhere to begin, a straightforward arrangement of
measures that could give me momentum to come up with my relationship
with this specific fine art I had been so inquisitive in.

So that is just what I needed to make with this eBook!

In case you're attempting to find a definitive place to start your trip together
with hand-lettering, at that point you have gone to the perfect area!
In this informative book, I will share with you a basic roadmap for the best
approach to regrow yourself in this fun new artistic expression and the best
approach to at last build up your design style.

My take on lettering:
Embracing your inner amateur
I have a deep and meaningful connection with hand-lettering.
Letters are so amazing to me. They have this unbelievable ability to be
shaped and melted into each other in such a characteristic way. The magical
of letters is that you're ready to twist and grow and adapt and stretch them in
obviously unlimited manners and - whenever performed carefully - they will,
in any case, hold their significance.
I appreciate making sense of the way precisely they lock together or make
visual equalization and intrigue, and how the littlest subtleties and changes to
the sort of a letter may bring out an entirely unexpected mental tone. It truly
is the importance of words satisfying the best thing about fine art, and that is
the reason I find hand-lettering so helpful.
Measure 1: focus!
Study letters and discover out what designs you prefer.
I don't suggest reading books on the foundation of black letters and make
flashcards to test yourself on great textual fonts (however, as a fellow kind
geek, I would not laugh at that procedure), however, that I simply mean tune
in to the letters around you.
Let your eye break on that grocery store signage while you're anticipating a
line. Survey that bulletin as you're at a red light. Watch the letters that you
see on magazine covers and book covers and packaging.
How might they cause you to accept? What characteristics and subtleties
would you feel pulled in to?

The secret to decoration - and I think the joy of it as well - is utilizing

different fashions to summon a feeling that asserts the significance of all that
you are lettering.
Also, it assists with gaining some understanding of their body of letters and
letters of typography. It’s helpful to comprehend what a serif vs A sans-serif
includes into some piece ("serifs" refer to the bars which top the parts of the
letter loops), the outcome that scripts and cries may have about the tone, or
what impact including shadows and measurement may have. Recognize what
impact specific lettering instruments have about the appearance and texture
of a decoration piece
I would likewise invest energy endeavoring to realize what vibe and style
you incline toward in lettering bits and see precisely what assets added to the
presence of this design.
• Would you appreciate the subtle texture made by the swipe of a mark or
sharpie?
• What about the jagged and artsy flair of a brush pen?
• Perhaps you love the exactness and depth of a good tip ink pen or even
the concealing that pen gives you?
These are inquiries to recollect while you examine letters.
Perceiving what appears you love and what resources caused them to can
enable you to comprehend what tools to begin trying different things with.

Measure 2: procedure
Put resources into ribbon tutorials to upgrade your artistic procedure.
At the point when I began, my greatest concerns rotated around the strategy
of making a "finished" design piece.
Would you be able to start with a pen? How might you keep up letters
corresponding?
How might you digitize your sketches and move them to the pc to edit them?
I think there is no right or wrong approach to make work of art; there is only
your way. Along these lines, if you might want to go your direction, you may
completely make sense of your procedure by experimentation and trial and
error, however, I agree the most ideal approach to learn is by doing, I accept
wholeheartedly in the intensity of information to kick you off.
That is the reason I advocate investing time in a few tutorials and online
classes just to discover how others had been coming to this specific work of
art. These tools may offer you a basic springboard to build up your style and
make your guidelines. (in any case, you presumably are as of now ready for
this as you got yourself)
Measure 3: exercise
Presently play with letters! (the same as... A lot.)
As un-sexy since it appears, the way to bettering your decoration craft is
essential to practice!
The rep will begin to sink in the muscle of your palms. Your lines will
develop progressively certain, your character increasingly unique, and before
you know it, you are going to think back and truly watch a particular creative
voice grow!
Among the best things that I did to keep up my training responsible and
normal has been to give myself a day by day challenge every month. I knew
whether I didn't have an obligation, I most likely would not set aside a few
minutes for this.
Attempt this: give yourself a substance parameter like film quotes or tune
verses or book names and so forth. Thus, you're progressively centered on
stressing your brain for thoughts of what things to form and increasingly
focused on the most ideal approach to compose it.
Normal and all over the place, you're encircled by letters and messages that
are written. By logotypes to bulletins, banners, shirts, or publication covers
letters not simply recount to a story however inspire certain feelings as well.
Envision if, as opposed to working with a previously existing text font, at that
point you can draw stunning hand-lettering that is loaded up with the
character?
Indeed, even in the occasion that you've just dunked your feet into the
boundless world of hands lettering, or you have thought of giving it a shot yet
didn't know where to start, you're in the perfect area! We will examine the
fundamentals you need to start this superb journey of hand lettering.
From the finish of this guide, you'll understand the basics of hand lettering
and have the certainty to make your bits!
What's hand lettering? --
Many individuals out there confuse hand lettering, calligraphy, typesetting,
and type design and apply the expression "kind" or "typography" to refer to
all these.
Design Types
Form design is the procedure for procuring typefaces that all individuals can
utilize. A thoughtful originator creates systems of letters, so making certain
all letters of the alphabet work together in unlimited combinations.
Typesetting implies sorting out the type that has been created by a kind
designer in a specific design.
This might be as direct as a white and black paper or as complicated as a
typography-driven brochure.

Once upon a time, this has been performed by hand. Nowadays, we do

everything on a pc.
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is great, stunning handwriting. After quite a while of training,
calligraphers use muscle memory to best their design so the second time they
have charged to make a marriage greeting, as an example, they could
compose the entirety of the copy on the first attempt. Although hand lettering
much of the time imitates calligraphy, the system behind both is very
extraordinary.

Hand lettering
At last, hand lettering is the art of drawing on letters and will take on a few
shapes and measurements, from customary looking letters into elaborate,
complete and not evident seeming ones.

This might be done in practically any style, on any substance, with any
networking.
Although there are no standards closes by embellishment, there keep on
being rules that we should consider.
Before we start, let us have a look at the size of hand lettering that might be
used. You might be astounded to see precisely what number of ways there
are to use this work of art!
1. Get your resources
You don't need any extravagant tools for a hand-letterer. When I started to
get to lettering, I accepted that I had the priciest and pro pencils, in light of
the majority of those super shots from Instagram. I bought a ton of pens and
brushes that I likely utilized... Five events?
The main tools you'll truly utilize are a pencil, eraser, paper, and ruler. If you
might want your lettering to seem calligraphic, look at utilizing the
reasonable calligraphic tools (for example, brush pens or nibs), anyway you
can do fine and dandy without (additional on this later).
If you might want to acquire your decoration the electronic medium, at that
point, there are a couple of strategies to cause it to happen. To start carefully
without any preparation, at that point utilize a graphic tablet or an apple
pencil master and iPad to draw. Or then again check your bit, and edit it in
Photoshop or illustrator utilizing the built-in tracing other option or by
duplicating it yourself with the pen tool.

2. Know about letter relation and

construction Rules are amazingly
huge in the act of drawing letters.

They help you keep up your letters in proper proportion all together that
they'll have a perfect relationship with each other.
The ascender line uncovers how protracted the ascender of a lowercase letter
must be, (for example, rabbits, h, b). The cap height is the height of an
uppercase letter. The x-height is the height of a lowercase letter alongside the
line which holds the crossbar. The baseline is truly where all
letters break. The descender line shows how extensive the descender of a
lowercase letter should be (like p, j, g).
At times, you are going to need to somewhat excuse these manuals and make
some optical changes.
If you have these shapes on precisely the same baseline, the entirety of the
particular same measurements, the ring, and the triangle will appear to be a
lot littler than the square shape. Why? Since the square contacts the drill and
top height utilizing its entire edge, while the horn and circle don't.
Regardless of whether they're precisely the same measurements, optically
they are most certainly not. This is the point at which you're utilizing your
senses and eyes to expand those letters just a piece inside the benchmark and
cap-height. Exactly what amount if you extend them? Indeed, that is up to
you! With time, you will find that it's simpler until you will do it without
thinking about it. The indistinguishable standard goes for the lowercase
letters, too.
3. Learn the body of letters
Before you plunge to the genuine decoration, it is imperative to know the
most normally utilized expressions, so that next time you will be able to
foresee the' little thing at the decision of a lowercase letter' with its
appropriate title - a terminal. When you under these expressions, you will be
able to talk to anyone concerning this subject.
4. Pick a lettering design
That is the place we go insane! As a letterer, you have to know the entirety of
the different styles with the goal that you may choose the one which
coordinates your present undertaking the perfect. Understanding the major
styles can permit you to create unending varieties of precisely the same letter.

We have a couple of rules to play with; however, your imagination can go

mad!
The fundamental guideline to recollect on all occasions is intelligibility. You
can make the intricate, extravagant showing up e, however at the end of the
day, regardless of whether it can't be promptly perceived as an e you
neglected. As there isn't just one right approach to draw e (aside from its
fundamental skeleton, which could be the by being changed), it is dependent
upon us to pick how to draw it.
• Serif decoration
A serif is that the little line connected at the decision of a letter's stroke.
Initially, it had been concocted to help with clarity however designers
and letterers have pushed it reevaluated it many, commonly, making
some truly amazing and interesting serifs. In this class, there are various
styles. We have more seasoned design serifs, transitional serifs, did one
or contemporary serifs, glyphic serifs, or slab serifs. Hold up, correct?
• Sans serif lettering
 "sans" means without. Along these lines, this class of lettering includes
typography which has no lines associated with the parts of the
letterform. Sans serif decoration is now and again used to impart a
progressively present-day style.
Although these letterforms have a more crucial course of action than
serifs, there are as yet various creative procedures to complete this. You
may think there isn't a lot of you can do with something extremely
direct, yet permit me to give you wrong!
• Script and brush lettering
Script and brush lettering recognize letter-forms that are connected. This
might be very conventional-looking and elegant, enthusiastic just as
excessively trashy. This style mirrors calligraphy, but instead of drawing
on the letters with one motion of the hand as though you'd in
calligraphy, you draw on the letters out of a few little pencil strokes to
make that appearance.

The most significant guideline to recollect is that a letter's upstroke is

constantly lean, and its down-stroke is thick. Up lean down thick. You
limit the strain of the pencil on the ups, you push and produce more
strain on the inverts. Up lean down thick. Up lean down thick. That is
just four words to retain!
You can likewise play with a brush pencil or elective nibs to get the
surface of the stroke so you'll see precisely what you have to
impersonate.
There is no limit to what you can achieve. Just enjoy it!
5. Insert measurement, details and cosmetic components

Now that you're more comfortable and familiar with the fundamental style
categories, let us take a peek at what we can do to make them interesting and
cosmetic.
• Adding shadow and dimension
When we discuss measurement, we are discussing three sorts of shading:
the fall line shed color, and drop shadow. You can make these by
drawing on precisely the indistinguishable structure behind your
essential one. Basic as that. If you have OK with delivering these you
can play with them and make a couple of truly intriguing grins to create
your letter-forms increasingly expressively.
For example, you can make a disappearing point and join the entirety of
the upsides of the correspondence (or expression) to precisely the same
stage, or you may have a few heavy, daring shadows, playing the
situating.
 Chapter 2
Hand Lettering

At last, hand lettering is the art of drawing letters and can take on many
shapes and sizes, from customary looking letters to intricate, detailed, and not
so obvious looking ones. This should be possible in any style, on any
material, with any media.
Although there are no principles in hand by lettering, there are still rules that
we have to contemplate.
How to start hand lettering
Before we start, how about we look at how hand lettering can be utilized.
You may be astounded to see exactly what number of ways there are to
utilize this art form!

1. Get your tools

The main tools you will utilize are a pencil, paper, eraser, and ruler. If you
need your lettering to look calligraphic, think about utilizing the best possible
calligraphic tools, (for example, brush pens or nibs), however, you can do
fine and without (additional on that later).
If you need to get your lettering the digital medium, there are a couple of
approaches to get it going. To begin carefully without any preparation, utilize
a realistic tablet or an iPad Pro and Apple Pencil to draw. Or on the other
hand filter your piece, and alter it in Photoshop or Illustrator by utilizing the
inherent following choice or by following it yourself utilizing the Pen tool.

2. Know about letter construction and relation

Guidelines are significant during the time spent drawing letters. They assist
you with keeping your letters on a legitimate extent so they'll have an
agreeable connection between each other.
The ascender line shows to what extent the ascender of a lowercase letter
ought to be (like l, h, b). The top height is the height of a capitalized letter.
The x-height is the height of a lowercase letter and the line that holds the
crossbar. The baseline is the place all letters rest. The descender line shows to
what extent the descender of a lowercase letter ought to be (like p, j, g).
In some cases, you’ll have to slightly ignore these guides and make some
optical adjustments.
Here is a strategy I've gained from Martina Flor. Regardless of what style of
lettering you use, there are a couple of essential shapes that we work with—
shapes she calls "mother structures." We have rectangular shapes (like the
letters H or E), triangular shapes (like the letters V or An), adjusted shapes
(like the letters O or C) in addition to the mix of these.
If you have every one of these shapes on a similar benchmark, all precisely
the same size, the circle, and the triangle would look essentially littler than
the square shape. Why? Since the square contacts the standard and top stature
with its whole border, while the circle and triangle don't.
Regardless of whether they are a similar size, optically they're most certainly
not. This is the point at which you'll utilize your eyes and impulses to extend
those letters only a little over the baseline and cap-height. What amount
would it be a good idea for you to augment them? All things considered, that
is up to you! In time, you'll see it simpler until you'll do it without
considering it. A similar standard goes for the lowercase letters, as well.
3. Learn the anatomy of letters
Before you jump into the real lettering, it's important to know the most
regularly utilized terms, so that next time you'll have the option to call the
'easily overlooked detail on the finish of a lowercase letter' by its legitimate
name—a terminal. When you know these terms, you'll have the option to chat
with anybody about this subject.
Here are the ones you’ll use the most:
4. Choose a lettering style
This is the place we go wild! As a letterer, you need to know all the various
styles so you can pick the one that accommodates your present project the
best. Realizing the essential styles will assist you with making unlimited
varieties of a similar letter.
We still have some rules to play by, but your imagination can go crazy!
The most significant guideline to remember consistently is neatness. You can
make the most elaborate, extravagant looking E, yet by the day's end, if it
can't be effectively perceived as an E you
fizzled. Since there's not only one right approach to draw an E (aside from
its essential skeleton, which can, in any case, be changed), it's dependent
upon us to conclude how to draw it.
• Serif lettering
A serif is the little line attached toward the finish of a letter's stroke. At
first, it was imagined to help with neatness however designers and letterers
have pushed it and reinvented it many, ordinarily, making some extremely
out of control and intriguing series.
Inside this class, there are many different styles. We have old-style serifs,
transitional serifs, did one or modern serifs, glyphic serifs, or section
serifs. Hold up, isn't that so?
Let’s take a look at what all these look like:
And here are a few examples of all the ways you can use them:
And here are a few examples of all the ways you can use them:
• Sans serif lettering
"Sans" signifies without. So this class of lettering contains typography that
has no lines appended to the parts of the bargains. Sans serif lettering is
frequently used to pass on a progressively contemporary style.
Although these letter-forms have a more fundamental structure than serifs,
there are as yet various imaginative approaches to do this. You may believe
there's very little you can do with something so basic, however, let me
prove you wrong!
Let’s see a few of these in action:
• Script and brush lettering
Brush and script lettering refers to letter-forms that are associated with one
another. This can be exceptionally formal looking and exquisite, lively, or
considerably overly trashy. This style mirrors calligraphy, however as
opposed to drawing the letters with a solitary development of the hand like
you would in calligraphy, you draw the letters from many little pencil
strokes to build that look.

The most significant guideline to remember is that a letter's upstroke is

always thin, and its down-stroke is in every case thick. Up meager, down
thick. You limit the pressure of the pen on the ups, you push and make
more weight on the downs. Up slender, down thick. Up slight, down thick.
That is only four words to remember!
You can likewise play around with a brush pen or various nibs to get the
vibe of the stroke so you'll realize what you need to imitate.
These are the three fundamental lettering styles. Change them anyway
would be ideal if you and get to some extremely insane, astounding
looking letters.
 Make the letters thin or extremely fat. Alter the loads to get that sweet
feel. Include an excessively overwhelming weight differentiate. Utilize
extremely insane serifs or twists.

There ’ s no limit to what you can achieve. Just have fun with it!

5. Add dimension, details and decorative elements

Since you are progressively comfortable and alright with the fundamental
style classes, how about we investigate what we can do to make them
additionally fascinating and decorative.
Adding dimension and shadow
When we talk about dimension, we're discussing three sorts of shading: the
drop line, drop shade and drop shadow. You can make these by drawing a
similar shape behind your principle one. Basic as that. If you got settled with
making these you can play around with them and make some truly
fascinating shadows to make your letterforms significantly increasingly
expressive.
For instance, you can make a vanishing point and associate all the edges of
the letter (or word) to a similar point, or you can have some bold shadows,
playing with the positioning.
If you have all your measurements included you can feel free to include
considerably more depth. Choose where your light source is originating from
and attract the dark parts any place the light wouldn't contact your letter.
A simple method to make sense of this if you envision your letter is a real
item on a table. Take a look at various items in your room, both adjusted and
rectangular, to get a vibe of how the lights and shadows play on it. It takes a
little practice to hit the nail on the head, yet hello, practice makes perfect!

• Add details
Some of the time you should include a few subtleties of the letters
themselves. Include anything from a basic inline to perplexing twists and
shading. How about we look at just a couple of examples:
 There is no standard for how to include these, except for keeping the
letterforms readable and applicable to your task.
• Adding decorative elements
On occasion, you'll need to fill the vacant space around your letters. Once
more, keep the letters clear consistently.
Ensure you don't go excessively insane with the flourishes and minimal
brightening components.
Or then again if you decide to go insane, do it such that accommodates your
idea and style.
These flourishes and swashes can be a piece of your letters or remain all
alone. In any case, they can help balance out your organization and make
your letters stick out.

6. Draw expressive letterforms

Let’s do some actual lettering!
As a hand-letterer, you should have the option to communicate emotions and
feelings exclusively with the style of the drawn letters. For instance, you
most presumably won't utilize a beautiful, circus piece serif for the title of a
fancy event invitation (aside from if it's a bazaar gathering?) or an advanced
content lettering for a games magazine spread.
Practice by attempting to represent random words with the assistance of
letters. Pick your word and consider what emotions would that be able to
word inspire. Compose a rundown with everything that strikes a chord when
you consider the given word. You can compose objects, styles, feelings,
anything. The more extended the list, the better.
You don't need to utilize every one of these ideas, however, it's valuable to
see them all and utilize the ones that fit your idea the best.
After you have a feeling that you got all that you need, begin drawing. From
the start, focus on getting the idea from your head to the paper. Try not to get
valuable with your sketches. Try not to concentrate on details, and don't get
tragic if you mess it up. A sketch should be untidy! Attempt to draw quick,
without overthinking it and tune in to your senses. Sketch out something
other than one idea for the picked word with the goal that you'll have the
option to pick the best.
A little trick about sketching is to consistently begin with the skeleton of the
letters and include loads after. You'll have a strong establishment to expand
on so you'll have the option to focus on the very development of the letters.
Likewise, attempt to not just attract the word a specific style, however, use
items to speak to it. For instance, you may manufacture the word 'bones' from
little letter-shaped bones or draw real softening letters for the word 'melt'.
After you've limited it down to one idea for every word, continue refining
and sketching. This is the place you include dimensions, prospers, and
beautifying components. Reference your list to utilize significant
components!
27
Presently, rather than utilizing one style to characterize the word, utilize a
wide range of styles to give a similar word various meanings.
Follow a similar example: pick your word, compose the list, and get drawing!
Once more, don't get valuable with your underlying sketches, simply let your
thoughts flow. Consider the many feelings a single word can bring out. You'd
be astonished to perceive how the vibe of a single word can change just by
drawing it unexpectedly.
Pretty fun, right? You can repeat this activity daily and you'll begin to see
improvement sooner than you may anticipate. Remember to keep your letters
neat, yet permit yourself to commit errors!
• Bring hand lettering to your designs!
If you endured this tutorial, you're amazing and one bit nearer to acing the
specialty of hand lettering. Be pleased! I realize that beginning can be
scary, however, you'll before long find that hand lettering can be such a
great type of art.
You most likely have the desire to bounce into hand lettering head first and
begin drawing complicated, detailed quotations. On the whole, get settled
withdrawing a single word. You can't build a house if you don't have solid
blocks, correct? With these basics, you have unlimited possibilities to draw
letters and improve your skills.
 When you start creating, share your work with the world! Keep in mind,
everybody began as a beginner, and everybody needs their kindred
craftsmen to give them a little push from time to time.

Hand Lettering Terminology A lot of men and women compare hand

lettering to calligraphy.
However, there is significant differentiation between the two.
Calligraphy is a type of design where letters are molded in a wilful and
cadenced fashion using a nib pen. Hand lettering is a kind of attraction to
make decorative letters.
The art of hand decoration takes into consideration more opportunities in
the understanding of letters and fonts, and you can utilize any kind of
pencil to make the content, for example, brush pencils, markers, just as
ballpoint pens. Hand lettering has gotten especially regular in the previous
a very long while. You may have seen astounding instances of hand
decoration in weddings in which it is utilized to decorate menu cards and
invitations, or on social websites takes care of at which it feels like the
specialists can compose about any word perfectly and effortlessly.

Hand lettering Can Sound scaring from the first, yet it is easy to master!

• Necessary Materials for Hand Lettering

You are going to need the best possible tools to start. Here's a posting
of substances we ask for hand decoration for beginners.
• Paper - A newspaper pad proposed for markers can be an
incredible method to start. The smooth outside of the paper permits
the best smoothness of strokes.
• Ruler - Assessing the basics is tied in with balancing. A ruler may
permit you to sort outlines to practice on.
• Pencil - You are going to require a pen to set up that your baselines, x-
lines, and cap heights to coordinate your first few words.
• Brush pencil - A brush pencil having a medium-length brush hint,
 similar to the Kuretake Cocoiro pencil, is ideal for novices. The range is
sufficiently long to produce flowy strokes and sufficiently short to keep
up control.
• Stationery card - From the finish of this tutorial, then you will be able
to make your hand-lettered message to give somebody unique. View our
thoroughly free printable card.
Basic Hand Lettering Terminology
Before You Begin putting pencil to Newspaper, you can discover just a
couple of words we will be posted inside our book you should come to
be familiar with:
• Cap line-up - The directing line which decides the rise for a considerable
number of capital letters.

•
•
•
X line - The coordinating line that decides the height for most lower-case
letters.
Baseline - The coordinating line up in general phrase or word sits.
Prosper - Flourishes are decorative strokes that might be inserted into letters
to give development. It's simple to exaggerate utilizing flourishes, along these
lines the mystery is to oversee balance as an approach to create a tasteful
appearance. Flourishes contain swirls and loops

Hand Lettering Alphabet

The genuine key to acing the specialty of hand enhancement is the clinic. Use
our downloadable reference guide, which includes the majority of the letters
of this book of scriptures, so you can sharpen your hands lettering skills.
To recap, here are a few tips to keep in mind as your clinic your hand's
decoration abilities:
• Set a cap line, xline, and baseline to coordinate the initial few letters.
 • Release pressure on up-strokes to produce lean lines.
• Employ pressure on down-strokes to create thick lines.
• Stray past those guiding lines to achieve an even powerful appearance.
• Perform yells and loops when you have aced the essentials. Inch.

Choose Your Pens & Pencils

Having Ideal equipment can make hand decoration Easier, anyway, there isn't
to truly head outside and spend a huge amount of cash on pencils and pens or
brush implies straight away. There's a huge swath of tools, given the sort of
style you're going after for on your lettering.
Pencils: Physical or Lead-in
Prima notes, "I love to use mechanical pens since they always stay sharp. My
most loved might be that the Kohl-Noor Mephisto Pencil." Lead to pens Can
Be Difficult or delicate, Which Range from 6 H (difficult) - 6 B (tender),
together with HB being center of this road.
Lydenberg states, "I a normal of sketch first utilizing milder pens –
significance leads- - and push forward to milder lead, darker pens when my
plan has just brought more shape " Have a look at the pen hardness control
with reference. If you are simply starting, it is conceivable to discover almost
any drawing pen collection from the network art supply shop.
1. Pens
Pens can be found in undeniably more assortments. "I like working with
really good point ink pencils, anyway I've bunches of friends that favor
thicker brush pencils," Prima states. It's tied in with finding what works for
you by and by. She says that a fantastic starter set of pleasant tip pens is
Micron. "They show up in an exhibit between very smaller than usual (for
each one of those minor details that give work only some extra) to a great
thick size to match on your letters utilizing dark ink. All these are great if you
want to focus on new, detailed letters," she states.
For a far more, free structure type, Prima says brush pencils for brush
decoration are the most valuable, and she encourages Tombows.
"The most significant thing would be consistent with a clinic and find
everything Tools work with you just like your personality," says Prima.
2. Choose Your Paper
This is an enormous category and everyone else works otherwise.
Sketchbooks or lettering books are quite often extraordinary to have promptly
accessible, and a couple of Prima's top choices would be your Canson Multi-
Media Paper Pad. "I love it as when I'm utilizing ink pencils, the paper is
thick enough it won't bleed," she notes. The following paper can likewise be
extraordinary to have once you're first beginning. "It gives you a good
smooth surface to work out, while maybe not depleting the entirety of the ink
on your pens"
Lydenburg proposes utilizing the diagram paper. "It might assist you with
keeping up the loads predictable notwithstanding your baseline, x-stature, and
cover elevation"
When you're past the first sketching stage, you might need to graduate into a
more direct sheet for a definitive workup. Prima utilizes Bristol newspaper
on account of her last bits due to the smooth surface and heavyweight
decrease.
3. Do a Little Warm-up Exercises We have made the assets; in
this way let us start drawing diverse beautification styles.

Prima begins each job with this straightforward warm-up. Utilizing a ruler,
make direct lines onto your newspaper. Start with making a couple of
calculated straight lines, moving into progressively multifaceted curves and
forms.
Endeavor to keep up your forms precisely the same and uniformly scattered.
"this can help you with balance and kerning on your forthcoming decoration
bits. What's more, simply take as much time as is needed - it's far superior to
be both moderate and more genuine contrasted with quick and cluttered," she
notes.
"Shapes and traces are the foundations for letters hence that they have been
very incredible for the practicing. I attract curves and lines to center my
proportions alongside control of this pencil.
Also, this is a fabulous way to get the opportunity to see new pens and pens
and discover how they work"
4. Start Lettering!
Presently you are feeling comfortable with the key shapes of
Letterforms, alongside your hands, is fine and warmed up, it is the ideal time
for you to play with! "Hand lettering furnishes you with the freedom to do
whatever you want with your letters; consequently, experimentation causes
me to produce new thoughts," says Prima.
Require a little word, or simply a touch of your own choice, and draw it as
many ways as you may consider. Round out the full page, or various pages,
and don't accept it to an extreme. Try not to worry about this being pretty or
good. Unquestionably the hugest issue is to exercise and choose to attempt to
execute it daily. That truly is only about having a go at something new and
seeing exactly the amount you can push your discourse! "I do so practice
routinely, and lots of times it turns out extremely awful. However, in those
frightful sketches, once in a while I discover something which motivates me
to make something astonishing," Prima states.
Much like any type of artwork genre, it is a fantastic plan to comprehend
what's out there and decide precisely what works and what doesn't, and
precisely what styles pull in you.
Lydenburg states, "start with looking at a lot of text fonts. Uncommonly,
consider where the burden drops and the white-space that is created by each
letter. White separation is similarly as basic as that which it is that you're
drawing" If she begins a job, she gathers her letters from the inside out,
envisioning, "here and there it is useful, to begin with, a skeletal arrangement
and develop your body of this correspondence."
5. Produce a Finished Piece
Take a quick-term and give it life. Have a good look at your page (s) from the
previous physical exercise, and settle on a few varieties of letters that truly be
noticeable for your requirements. Take a look at what will be the most
pivotal and should stand out the maximum. Sketch each word in a marginally
unique way – you shouldn't be terrified to combine various appearances.
"I begin with an exceptionally fundamental plan so I understand I have
adequate space for every single word," Prima states. "A short time later I
tenderly sketch in the Words and am sure that they are fit and look directly
with them. Try not to be scared to possess your letters getting together with
each other. I sum up my letters at a lean Ink pencil and dispense with the pen.
At long last, I truly do all of the details and sealing that Create the thing
appear to be endured!"
 Chapter 3
Calligraphy

Calligraphy is the artistic procedure of shaping wonderful images by hand

and organizing them in a manner that inscribes words that have
respectability, harmony, a lineage, and rhythm. In this definition,
trustworthiness speaks to outstanding extents and the design of letters and
images in calligraphy pictures. Harmony is a satisfying relationship between
the words, characters, and a single letter's components. Ancestry refers to the
protection of the heritage of letter-shapes, materials, and strategies which
calligraphers use. At long last, rhythm is a deliberate repetition in calligraphic
composing that makes sentiments of pattern and emphasis inside the eyes of
the viewer. All alone, any of these elements don't add up to a substantial
calligraphic discipline –only when they are completely gathered together
does the entire procedure begin to take on a state of calligraphy.

Many calligraphers concur that there is another ingredient in the mix of

perfect lettering and that is creative fire. Somewhat puzzling and nebulous,
this can be clarified as a slightly mysterious life and individuality of any bit
of piece of art. This individual stamp of the calligrapher's character on the
work is eventually what makes calligraphy a substantial member of arts, it's
the key perspective that isolates it from customary handwriting and any
machine normalized letter structure. Calligraphy plans to deliver a response,
much the same as any quality bit of sculpture or painting, its goals are to
invoke a deeper meaning and speak with the viewer on both the etymological
and creative level. Although a piece too allegorical to be in any way thought
to be a substantial definition, many specialists perceive that reading
calligraphy is the closest way one can get to hearing music with eyes.
Curiously, this might be the most exact clarification of what calligraphic
imaginative fire is.
Different Types of
Calligraphy as Unique
Lettering
Completely analyzing the whole history of calligraphy and every one of its
sorts is a practically unimaginable test, one that would take heaps of pages to
be viewed comprehensively. Since the beginning of human advancement,
every community had its variation of calligraphy, which were all established
between a blend of need and creative wants. Every one of them had differing
styles and tools utilized. Calligraphers are mindful of such ancestry and it
assumes a significant job in contemporary calligraphy which is shaped by a
long, innovative heritage. Truth be told, emulating authentic handwriting is a
wide and empowered technique for making calligraphic progress. Figuring
out how to write in historical styles is a superb method for preparing both the
hand and the eye. It ought to be noticed that mere duplicating of antiquated
handwriting doesn't speak to the creative reason for calligraphy. In any case,
it provides both a fine beginning stage for beginners and a fascinating activity
for those with more experience. Many experts agree that calligraphy can be
arranged into four general classes: Western Calligraphy, Eastern Asian
Calligraphy, Southern Asian Calligraphy and Islamic Calligraphy.

Western Calligraphy
The Western Calligraphy emerged in the tenth century and still keeps on
advancing to this day. Known for its severe principles and geometric
examples, this popular style is one of the most conspicuous cases of
calligraphic workmanship. The most conspicuous utilization of the Western
lettering is in the Latin content which experienced various extraordinary
changes throughout the hundreds of years as the decision administrations
switched places. The humanist tiny of the Renaissance was one of the urgent
snapshots of this style, just as the seventeenth-century Batarde and the
English script around a hundred years younger. Various kinds of calligraphy
require various instruments. Generally, Western Calligraphy's tools include a
level balled or round-nipped pen, a brush, water-based ink, top-notch paper
or material, a blade for evacuating work, and layouts.

Eastern Asian Calligraphy

This specific style of lettering includes the calligraphy of China, Japan, and
Korea. Every administration that ruled these grounds had its variations of
calligraphy methods and visuals. This style is effectively unmistakable as it's
not hard to recognize Eastern symbols that have the reason for whole words.
Coherently, their manuscripts are a lot shorter than those found in the
Western territories. Eastern Asian Calligraphy is esteemed as a significant
legacy in its regarded nations and every one of them devote a lot of exertion
to ensuring the local calligraphic procedures are very much saved. Eastern
calligraphers use paperweights and work pads beside the standard writing
equipment.
Southern Asian Calligraphy
This assortment of styles includes the works on rising out of the regions of
India, Nepal, and Tibet. These original copies were broadly utilized for
different Buddhist and mainstream purposes and could be seen being utilized
in a lot of occurrences, beginning from their prayer wheels to the letters of
the Dalai Lama. With some of the models returning to engravings in stone,
bits of Southern Asian Calligraphy can be depicted as probably the most
antiquated lettering rehearses ever found. Indian calligraphy was the most
powerful of the three and it had utilized many whimsical techniques through
the span of its reality, for example, burnt mud, smoke treated palm leaves,
copper, and birch barks.

Islamic Calligraphy
This style can be found as a basic component of Islamic art. It utilizes
interesting geometric examples and the best instances of these can be found
on mosque walls. Islamic Calligraphy is viewed as the most delightful case of
lettering by many and it has advanced alongside the movement of the religion
and the Arabic language. It ought to be noticed that Muslims see calligraphy
as the most noteworthy sort of masterful articulation since it is seen as the
most proficient method for speaking with the otherworldly world. The
Ottoman Era is viewed as the pinnacle of improvement of the Islamic
Calligraphy as relatively few parts of lettering has changed from that point
forward, particularly in increasingly traditionalist circles of social orders.
Notwithstanding, present-day times saw many modifications made to
customary lettering, bringing about a one of a kind contemporary Arabic
calligraphy.

The Modern Era of Calligraphy

Writing
After printing got omnipresent during the fifteenth century, the creation of lit
up original copies started their quick-paced decrease production. In any case,
the rise of printing didn't mean a definitive finish of calligraphy which held
various experts throughout the hundreds of years. The cutting edge recovery
of calligraphy started toward the finish of the nineteenth century and was
impacted by the artistic and philosophy of William Morris who prodded the
Arts and Crafts development. The principal figure of this calligraphic
renaissance was Edward Johnston. He studied various manuscripts held at the
British Museum which permitted him to show courses in calligraphy, offering
his interest to anybody intrigued. In his extra time, Johnston was additionally
structuring typefaces, a considerable lot of which are as yet utilized today.
Thusly, Edward without any help restored imaginative handwriting and
lettering. His endeavors affected further generations typographers and
calligraphers, strongly affecting crafted by Graily Hewitt, Stanley Morison,
Eric Gill, and Anna Simons.

A fascinating component that cutting edge calligraphy presented was that the
letters were not constantly planned to be readable. This trademark didn't
depend on any authentic practice
whatsoever, as every single more established original copy and comparative
documents must be justifiable to probably a few crowds. However, by
shutting these specific ways to the past, experts of calligraphy opened new
grounds that stimulated various analyses in the order. As a further outcome of
such a theoretical idea, many visual artists of the advanced time were
enlivened to remember calligraphic components for their work, for example,
Cy Twombly, Chaz Bojorquez, and William S. Burroughs. Some more
youthful artists likewise ring a bell, including any semblance of Patrick Hartl
and Hongyu Zhang. Normally, calligraphy found a fascinating shared belief
with road expression as graffiti is an ideal strategy for one to rehearse
expressive lettering. Probably the best graffiti calligraphers are Niels Shoe
Meulman, El Seed, Retna, and Rostarr.

The Importance of Calligraphy

Art in the Contemporary World
Since the presentation of PCs and other innovative extras, it appears as if
calligraphy is as removed from us as could be. However, such a rich custom
of this order has demonstrated very versatile and insubordinate to the
advanced occasions notwithstanding handling increasingly effective
techniques. Although expelled from more easygoing and everyday exercises,
calligraphy despite everything shows class, beauty, and qualification to our
most huge reports. It is used for adding creative contacts to book plans,
different solicitations, engravings, logos, font design, certificates, and
records. Calligraphy is additionally regularly utilized for any semblance of
props and moving pictures for film and TV, court tributes, and maps. It
likewise assumes the job of significant motivation for some other option and
special imaginative practices. Just when one analyzes all of the previously
mentioned practical uses does the entire image of exactly how present
calligraphy is in the contemporary world. Giving fine shapes to signs in an
expressive, amicable and able way will consistently be a normally discovered
component as long as there is humankind and no measure of mechanical
headways can ever hold up the traffic of that.

Calligraphy Tools and Supplies

Calligraphy isn't a costly art to learn. With some fundamental pen supplies
and papers, you can promptly start figuring out how to make lovely letters.
Sketching Tools
Sketching your designs and plan your layout you'll require
a pencil
or two and an eraser. These come in a lot more extensive
variety than what we've all utilized in grade school!
Having a
couple of decisions in pencil leads and a decent eraser to
utilize can
mean the regard between 'getting your materials while you work,
and getting into the score of your project, so it's more than worth
the little expense to buy these.

• Pencil Hardness
Pencils come in the different hardness of lead, from
6B (which draws exceptionally delicate,
smudgy dark lines) to 6H (which draws
hard, slender, shiny lines).
For calligraphy or for outlines that will be colored over, purchasing a
typical HB pencil and a 2B or 2H will do the trick.

• Types Of Pencils
You can purchase your pencils as typical pencils that are honed with a
pencil sharpener, a holder that can acknowledge leads of any hardness, or
a mechanical pencil. I like to work with mechanical pencils since they
don't need to be honed. I purchase a couple of those splendidly colored
plastic mechanical pencils in various colors and color code what pencil
holds which hardness of lead.

• Vinyl Erasers
Vinyl erasers are a standard for drawing. They
arrive in a variety of sizes, anyway the easiest
straightforward thing is to purchase a major block
 and afterward utilize a utility blade to chop it
down
to whatever size I need. I likewise trim the corners of the rectangular
eraser into little wedges that I use to eradicate in tiny places—extremely
convenient for detail work when drawing embellishments and designs!

• Kneadable Erasers
Although a kneadable eraser is sold in a rectangular structure, you can
knead it into any shape you want! Rather than scouring it over your work
like a typical eraser, press it against your pencil lines, at that point lift it.
Since it just removes a touch of the drawn lines one after another you have
a great deal of control with the amount you help or remove. It's
additionally extraordinary
for sensitive papers since it tenderly removes the pencil lines on
delicate papers that could be abraded or ruined by scouring.
Calligraphy Pens
Calligraphy can be written with any wide etch molded tool, regardless of
whether it's a pen, a felt, or the reed from an instrument! The key is the chisel
formed edge used to make the letters. By holding the chisel edge at a
predictable point and moving it around your paper, it will make thin and
thick lines naturally for you.
The three main kinds of pens utilized in calligraphy are the conventional dig
pen, a cartridge-style pen, and a felt tip pen. Attempt each to perceive what
you're generally OK with over a variety of uses. For rehearsing and arranging
pieces it's convenient to whip out some content with a felt pen, while
expressive works and works requiring a wide scope of nib widths would
work better with a dip style pen. A cartridge-style pen is convenient for long
bits of content that need steady letters since you simply load it up and begin
writing!

Each is useful in its particular way,

yet if you can just get one style, I
would suggest purchasing the
plunge pen holder and a few nibs
and ink since it's the easiest to work
with in general. When you become
more familiar with calligraphy,
explore different avenues regarding
any chisel molded objects you can
discover!

• Felt Tip Pens

The felt tip pen resembles a normal felt
 pen; then again, actually the tip has a wide
chisel edge, not a point. An incredible
device for novices, these pens are
economical, don't require reloading or
filling with ink, and arrive in a variety of
colors and widths. Nonetheless, however,
the tip is produced using felt, it
can wear out and mellow after some time and you'll lose your decent
fresh edge for lettering. Likewise, the ink isn't authentic so it's not
reasonable for significant projects
• Cartridge Style Pens
The cartridge-style pen works like a fountain pen, then again it has a chisel
nib for making calligraphic letters. To utilize these, you insert ink
cartridges into the pen and include your favored nib. Inks arrive in a
variety of colors, and nibs in a variety of widths.
These pens are decent for students since you get an automatic flow of ink
as you write, and you can compose for an exceptionally long time without
changing ink cartridges. However, it very
 well may be dull to change colors or nib widths because the ink
chamber and nib must be altogether cleaned and flushed free from
any ink that could dry inside.

• Calligraphy Pens

• Dip Style Pens

A dip style pen, the thoughtful you find in old movies that are normally
connected with calligraphy, has a handle with a little opening that makes
up the end where the calligraphy pen nib is inserted. It's easy to change nib
widths and colors because the nib is open and simple to clean.

Anyway, it takes a touch of training to 'figure out how much ink to stack
into the nib, and to measure when you're going to run out and need to
redip.
• Dip Style Nibs
Dip style nibs of any brand have regular highlights. They each have a pole
that 'ts into the pen holder, the fundamental piece of the nib head that has
the ink supply, and the chisel tip. The chisel tip can be bought in a wide
variety of widths, contingent upon the sort of letters you'll be making and
how huge they'll be. Most nibs have the ink store previously connected,
anyway a few brands, for example, at that point Mitchell nibs, have a little
separate piece that slides on to the nib to make the supply.

39
NibCare
Before utilizing your nibs for the 'first time, you'll have to clean the
manufacturer's oil and varnish from them for the ink to; ow appropriately.
You can do this by holding the nib tip in some boiling water for a brief
timeframe and afterward cleaning it dry, or you can include a couple of drops
of gum Arabic to the nib and afterward clear it off; no compelling reason to
rinse.
In the middle of colors or after use, your nib ought to be completely cleaned
with an old toothbrush and foamy water, and tapped dry. It's particularly
significant not to let waterproof ink dry on your nibs or they'll be
exceptionally hard to clean or use.

Inks

A dip style calligraphy pen can be utilized with various

fluid mediums; anyway, most usually you'll be searching
for ink. Ink can be sold by the stick or bottle and in any
color of the rainbow! What ink you pick relies upon your
project and on what you 'd work best for how you like to
work.

• Pigmented Inks Vs. Dyes

Inks can be produced using pigments, or colors. Shades can cause the ink
to feel a little grainy when you compose with it since it's ink made up of
minor particles that give the ink its color. It can likewise settle out both in
the container (consistently ensure you shake well!) and on the page, which
can give intriguing impacts if you utilize a finished paper. Color-based
inks are not lightfast, so they will fade over time.
• Paints As Inks
You can likewise utilize watercolor, gouache, or fluid acrylic with your
dip pens (use craftsman-quality or understudy evaluation to guarantee
solid hues and simplicity of usefulness). Each
 comes in a wide exhibit of colors and opacities and should be diminished
before use with your pen. Utilize a paintbrush to fill the repository of your
dip pen nib with paint. When utilizing acrylic, consistently wash your dip
pen nib completely after use, during use, as the paint dries rapidly and can
clog your pen.

• Waterproof Or Watersoluble?

Regardless of whether you decide to work in waterproof

or water-soluble ink relies upon your project.
Water-soluble inks can be useful for training work since
 you don't need to be as careful about the ink drying on
the pen nib, and it's simpler to clean up and change
colors. Waterproof inks are difficult to clean o& your
nib whenever left to dry, so are best utilized for 'finished
work where you need the ink to remain set up
regardless.

• Inksticks
Ink sold in stick structure must be liquefied before use. This is done
against an extraordinary stone that has a well in the middle. The well is
'liquid partially with water, and the ink stick is delicately rubbed against
the stone into the water until the new ink has the consistency wanted.

Cartridge Pen Inks

The ink sold for cartridge-style pens is water-soluble so it doesn't evaporate
in the pen and ruin it. Additionally, on account of the ' new instrument inside
a cartridge style pen that permits the ink to flow, the cartridges contain a
color based ink which can blur. Pick black if you need the letters to keep
going for quite a while as the splendid colors are the most exceedingly awful
wrongdoers for fading!
Papers
There are various alternatives to appropriate papers to use for calligraphy,
contingent upon your project, individual inclination, and spending budget.
The paper you pick can add character or even color to your piece and can be a
wellspring of motivation for future tasks.
• Watercolor Paper
Watercolor paper comes in different 'finishes: extremely smooth (called
smooth, or hot press), a medium surface (cold press), or finished (harsh). If
your venture includes a great deal of 'new detail and extremely little
lettering, you might need to pick a smoother paper so you're not battling
the surface while including your details. Textured paper, however, can
give magnificent sporadic edges to bigger letters!

• Calligraphy Paper Pads

The paper specifically for calligraphy can be bought in convenient pads.
These are great for rehearsing on in because you have countless sheets to
work with and they arrive in different estimated pads relying upon how
large you like to function. Generally speaking, attempt to purchase a
bigger pad for training: 11 x 14 inches (28 x 36cm) or even 16 x 20 inches
(41 x 51cm). You'll have the option to make pleasant, enormous, agreeable
strokes as you feel your way around the letters.

• Pastel Paper
Pastel paper is a light paper that is offered in a wide exhibit of colors. It
normally has a smoother side and a finished side, so it's anything but
difficult to test both and choose which you lean toward for your task.

• Real Vellum
Although a little more expensive, genuine vellum or material is a genuine
joy to work with. Produced using genuine calf or deerskin, the translucent
idea of the surface causes the letters and colors to appear to float above it.
There are as yet a couple of sources that sell sheets or even full skins of
arranged vellum—give a straightforward inquiry a shot the Internet.
• Handmade Papers
Before picking a high-quality paper, consistently make certain to test it
with the style of pen and sort of ink you intend to use to ensure the paper
responds appropriately—some work brilliantly, while others are
sufficiently delicate to cause the ink to drain or obstruct your pen.
Other Supplies
Fundamental instruments aside, there are a couple of extra supplies that can
be purchased in case you're truly having fun and need to take your
calligraphy further. These things can make it somewhat simpler to take a shot
at bigger or increasingly included tasks.
• Graphite Transferpaper
Graphite paper is one of my preferred help! It allows you to follow a plan
and move it to another piece of paper. Since it's made with graphite-like
your pencil, it's genuinely erasable, and each sheet is reusable for a
seriously long time. To utilize it:
1. Place your great paper on the last, a sheet of graphite paper
(graphite side down) what's more, and your unique sketch on
the top (see photograph beneath).

2. Tape the sketch and graphite layers to the base great paper
with low tack tape or drafting tape.

3. Utilize a blue or red medium ballpoint pen to follow over your

sketch lines (the color makes it simpler to see where you've
followed as of now).

4. Untapped your "move sandwich" and your sketch should now be

prepared to ink and paint!

When following your sketch onto your great paper, follow only a couple of
lines, at that point cautiously lift a corner to ensure that it's moving
appropriately. There's nothing more baffling than following out a whole
plan just to find that you had your graphite paper confronting the incorrect
way and nothing moved! It's likewise a decent method to ensure you're
pressing hard enough to move the plan, yet not all that hard that you're
leaving grooves in the paper.
• Angled Board
In case you're doing a great deal of calligraphy, having a calculated board
can spare your stance! You can buy a board in plastic, Masonite, or wood,
 or you can easily construct your own. In any case, attempt to get a board
that is movable so you can change the point contingent upon your project
or preference.

Using a Light Box

A lightbox assists with following and design. You can control a lot of lines
for your lettering and place that sheet underneath your great paper as you
work so the lines appear through without drawing them on your great paper.
You can likewise amass many pieces, practically like a composition, lay your
great paper on top and afterward follow the components that you need to
keep onto your good paper. You can purchase light boxes, or make your own
from a shallow box with a glass top, inserting a long; fluorescent light or two
inside. Any huge window can likewise fill in as a lightbox.
Adding Color
The essential supplies, there are various fun things that you can use to adorn
and add color to your calligraphy ventures. We'll cover how to utilize these
various tools all the more widely in forthcoming chapters.
• Adding Color With Paint
Not exclusively can watercolors, gouache, and fluid acrylics be utilized as
ink, you can utilize paint to make enormous colored washes on your
background or to include little colored details (you'll need to utilize artist's
quality or understudy grade paints to guarantee strong color and ease of
use).

You'll additionally require a small determination of brushes. I suggest great

quality manufactured brushes in size nos. 0, 2, and 6 to begin with. I
likewise utilize a palette for blending color
 s.
• Adding Color With Colored Pencils
Colored pencils can be utilized
to conceal in color, draw colored
lines, and include 'new hairline
subtleties in your work. Pick as
high a quality pencil as you can
afford; better quality gives you a
deeper color

range and stronger leads and light-quickness. Colored pencils are

accessible in packs or as singles so you can pick the specific shade you
need for a project.
• Watercolor Pencils

These are fantastic! If you're

concerned that watercolors are too
dubious to even think about using, at
that point you should attempt
watercolor pencils (otherwise called
"water-solvent hued pencils"). These
are utilized a lot of like standard
colored pencils, however after
you've concealed in an area, take a wet paintbrush and run it over your
shading. The water will liquefy the pencil stamps and give it a watercolor
appearance. It's an incredible method to get a watercolor impact, however
with more control.

• Pigmented Pens

I use pigmented pens for all my laying

out. Rather than a customary black ink
pen, these are made with a quality
pigmented ink that won't fade, is
waterproof, and documented. At the point
when you're taking a shot at an
uncommon venture and placing that much
work into it, you need to utilize materials
that are
made to last. Low-quality links can blur after some time, or cause the paper
 around the ink line to age and make your pleasant fresh black lines have
messy yellow radiances in as meager as a couple of years!
• Metallic And Gel Pens

Metallic pens can be found in either gel structure, or a xylene base (the
xylene ones smell and should be shaken to function as they have a great
time inside that shields the metallic particles from obstructing). You can
likewise 'nd gel pens that come in murky colors and various sparkly
metallic shades. None of these pens are authentic, as are not fitting for 'new
works you wish to be lasting. For a great venture, it's smarter to utilize a
fine brush and metallic gouache for some gleam or to overlay the zone with
gold leaf if you need a ton of sparkle.
However, for entertainment, only undertakings that aren't intended to keep
going for quite a while, metallic and gel pens offer a quick method to add
subtleties and shine to your work!
List of Supplies
CALLIGRAPHY PENS
• Cartridge pens
• Dip pens and nibs
• Felt-tip pens

INKS & PAINTS

• Pigmented inks
• Dye-based inks
• Watercolor paints (tubes or pans)
• Watercolor paints (tubes or pans)
• Liquid acrylic paints
• Water-soluble ink
• Waterproof ink
• Ink cartridges
• Ink sticks

PENS AND PENCILS

• Pigmented pens
• Watercolor pencils
• Sketching pencils in HB, 2B, 2H

• Metallic pens
• Gel pens
• Colored pencils

BRUSHES
• nos. 0, 2, 6 watercolor brushes
 • no. 0 or 2 round nylon brush

PAPERS
• Calligraphy paper pads
• Pastel paper Vellum and parchment
• Handmade papers
• Watercolor paper

MISCELLANEOUS
• Watercolor palette
• Angled workboard
• Lightbox
• Gold leaf and adhesive size
• Vinyl and kneadable erasers
• Graphite transfer paper
 Chapter 4
How to Make Calligraphy Strokes
Many strokes and states of letters are comparative between letters in order.
Continue rehearsing these stroke practices and each letterform will get faster
and easier to do as your hand becomes accustomed to these new
developments.
Pen Angle
Each calligraphy hand (or letters in order) is composed of the pen nib held at
a specific edge. By reliably holding the pen at this edge, the chiseled pen nib
will consequently make thick and thin places on each letter, which will give
the letter its characteristic look.

Thin Lines
Hold the pen nib at the given edge and slide it sideways along the slim nib
edge.
Thick Lines
Thick lines are drawn utilizing the full width of the nib. Make an effort not to
shake the pen nib from side to side or it will make unpredictable edges on
your stroke. Keep the nib edge level on the paper as you write to make a
smooth even line.

Curves
Curved lines are additionally drawn utilizing the full width of the nib.
Attempt to hold the real pen nib at a similar point and it will make the thick
to-thin changes for you naturally.
Nib Width
Each letter in order has a standard height that it's normally written at, given
the width of the nib used to compose it. This is called its "nib width." When
you're learning another letterform you'll be given its nib width, just as the pen
point, as a sort of equation or manual for writing the letters.

Make A Ladder
When you have the nib width, hold your pen nib on a level plane and make a
progression of blocks, each offset from the following or stacked in a row.
This is known as a "ladder." Each square will be the width of your pen nib,
subsequently the name "nib width." Make the same number of squares or nib
widths as you were given for the letterform you're writing.

Draw Guidelines
With your nib widths set up, utilize the ladder to draw the writing lines on
your page. This guarantees your letters will be the right corresponding height
for the letter style and the pen nib you've decided to compose with, paying
little mind to how small or gigantic your letters are!

GOTHIC nib width: 5 ascender/descender nib width: 7 pen angle:

45°

Ascenders And Descenders

A letter has three principal parts: the x-height, ascender, and descender. The
primary body of the letter 'fills the x-height (for instance the lowercase "o");
the ascender transcends the x-height (the stem of the "d"), and the descender
falls underneath the x-stature (the stem on the lowercase "p").
Building Strokes
Each letter in any letterform is comprised of a series of strokes. The strokes
might be straight or bent and are typically attracted to a specific request so
each ensuing stroke can be landmarked off of the previous stroke.

Stroke Order
When following the models in this book, draw your letters utilizing the
numbered bolts as development guides. Beginning at bolt no.1, draw the
stroke as appeared from start to finish. Then draw arrow no. 2, etc.
Practice Strokes
Some various fundamental strokes and shapes make up most letters. These
can be utilized to rehearse your pen control and make an incredible warm-up
when you 'first plunk down to a calligraphy meeting! Except if you're
rehearsing a specific letter style, you don't have to stress over which nib
width or edge to utilize.

Letter Construction In Depth

How about we start with certain "Uncials" to rehearse our strokes and to find
in-depth how a letter comes together. We will look at more letters in order
and extra letters in the following part, however, how about we take a couple
of test letters here and truly separate it.
Imprint four nib widths on the upper left-hand corner of your page and utilize
these to draw a couple of composing lines. Imprint an extra one nib width
above and underneath these lines to stamp where our ascenders and
descenders will reach out to.
Letter “A”
1. Holding your pen nib at a point of 5 degrees, start this stroke with
an extremely little slide of the pen nib along the thin edge, pull it
downward at an edge, and afterward get done with a tiny slide
along the nib edge.

2. The subsequent stroke starts mostly down the previous stroke and
makes a little loop or oval to complete our letter "a." If you like,
you can make variations from this base circle by changing the state
of the subsequent stroke to give your "a" some character.

Letter “C”
1. The first stroke of the letter "c" is utilized as the main stroke of
various letters. It is a smooth curve start to finish, finishing in
pleasant shape.

2. The subsequent stroke starts with a slide to one side and gets
done with a little downward pull to make the top.
Letter “D”
1. The “d” begins the same as the letter “c.”

2. The subsequent stroke starts with a little slide to the left and
afterward clears around to meet with the base of the first stroke.
This second stroke can likewise be made as only a huge curving
sweep down to the base of the main stroke.

Letter“N”
The letter "N" begins with an essential descending stroke, extending
imperceptibly past the line and end with a slight slide to the left. If you lean
toward a present-day look to the "N," you can send it straight at the norm and
stop the slight slide close to the end.
The next stroke is a straight line, finishing at the benchmark or baseline.
The letter "N" has serifs in its progress, which in the Uncial letter set is a
strong wedge on the upper left-hand side of straight strokes. For our next
stroke (third) we will include a little wedge to the most
noteworthy purpose of our next stroke: slide the pen a little way to one side
from the highest point of the next stroke, and get it to rejoin the vertical
stroke afterward.
Start your next stroke (forth stroke) with a slide to left from your first stroke,
and a short time later away from down to meet the base tip of the subsequent
straight stroke to finish the letter.

Letter“R”
The letter "R" begins like the "N" did, with a straight stroke connecting past
the baseline.
Since this is a straight line, we are going to include a wedge serif to the top.
The bowl of the "R" should come to the midpoint or a lot further down for a
nice, fat bend.
The last leg of the "R" kicks out from underneath the bend and completes it at
the benchmark or baseline.
You can see that many letters are made utilizing indistinguishable strokes
from in past letters, in a way recombining them to make the new letter.
This is valid with all letters so that you'll realize, which makes it simpler to
ace another letterform and gives you a manual for a check against as you take
a shot at new letters. You'll realize that regularly the "O" shares attributes
with the "C"; the "V" and "U" share qualities with the "W"; the "M" shares
with the "N, etc. Utilize this to recognize the likenesses between letters you
have just polished and the new ones you tackle, and this will help keep your
letters steady.
Lettering Terms
Here are some extra terms utilized in calligraphy that are useful to know
before you start dealing with the various letter sets.
Minuscule
Minuscules are the small letters or lowercase letters in a letter set (alphabets).
Some little letters advance a casual look to a touch of content and can be used
in certain projects where a lighter feel is needed.

Majuscule
Majuscules are the capital or capitalized letters in an alphabet. They're
extraordinary for making a sprinkle toward the start of a text with a bigger or
more detailed letter, monograms, or a detailed piece in independent uses
where there may not be some other text or designs in a project.

Display Capital
A highly decorated Majuscule utilized toward the start of a word or sentence
is known as a Display Capital.
Cursive
A more Iuid or script style of writing, cursive was created as a quicker
method to writing by priests. It, for the most part, has a looser and less
conventional look. Cursive is valuable for ventures requiring letters that flow
and move in the plan without looking too formal or stiff.
Serif
A serif is a little stroke toward the start or end of the main stroke. Serif can be
made from multiple points of view and frequently gives specific letters to its
characteristic look.

Built-Up Letters
A developed letter is made by drawing the strokes by hand, as opposed to
with a broad nib. The letter is basically "built" by a progression of hand-
drawn lines.

Letter Spacing
Have you at any point composed a word on your PC in an elegant textual
style, and the letters were dissipated amusing? When a textual style is made,
the computer figures what the ordinary division will be between letters as
they're composed. A well-made book style predicts unsafe blends, for
instance, "AT" and "TI" however a low-quality font can leave an enormous
gap between several letters and make a word look broken and unpleasant
when read. With calligraphy, you're composing a progression of letters
genuinely and you need to orchestrate where your letters will go so when you
create your assertion or sentence, there are no exceptional holes or
excessively close places.

Well-Spaced Letters
Here the letters are uniformly divided at this point are sufficiently close to
identify with one another and structure a word, without being packed too
intently. The letter "g" which is formed particularly compared with the rest of
the letters, is somewhat settled underneath the first "r" and embraces the "e"
closely.

Too Much Space

Although evenly separated, the letters in this example are excessively far
separated. The letters don't cooperate; however rather stand excessively
disconnected from one another, making it increasingly hard to read.
Irregular Spacing
Ensure that you don’t leave a sporadic gap between a couple of letters or it
will make a visual "gap" in your word. It will be helpful to write your word(s)
out on a test sheet to foresee letters unraveling both between the letters in
your words similarly as between the words in a sentence. This arrangement
would then have the option to be posted in your workspace while completing
your 'last piece, or used as a guide below your paper if you are going after a
lightbox. Your dispersing test (spacing sample) will show up on the opposite
side and give you a manual for following when creating your incredible text.
 Chapter 5:
15 Alphabets from Basic to Fancy

These fifteen letter sets are masterminded by difficulty, however, don't let
that terrify you! Recollect that a letter is only a progression of strokes. If your
pen edge stays consistent and you set aside the effort to attract each stroke in
the order given, you can achieve any of these alphabets. Try not to stress if
your strokes squirm or your vertical lines are somewhat off-kilter—these
things will improve with training. Take as much time as necessary and soon
your letters will look more uniform and you'll be making your beautiful cards
and projects!
Foundational
Made by Edward Johnston, the Foundational hand relies upon the Ramsay
Psalter, a 10th Century unique duplicate. The letters are perfect, genuinely
clear, and not excessively formal nor casual, making them suitable for a wide
collection of tasks and an incredible beginner hand to learn.
Foundational nib width: five descender/ascender nib width: seven pen angle:
30°

Foundational Majuscule
Carolingian
Carolingian Minuscules are so-called for Emperor Charlemagne, who
advanced the word through original copy commissions. By chance, he didn’t
know how to write! This hand is a real little deliver that it has no organizing
uppercase.
Rather, utilize Roman, Versal, or Uncial letters as your uppercase.
Carolingian Minuscule
nib width: three descender/ascender nib width: eight pen angle: 30°
Italic
The use of Italic started in Italy in the 15th Century, Italics are a radiantly
expressive hand and loan themselves well to formal utilization. The basic
letters have sentimental scopes that can be enhanced into great swashes.
Italics are formed with a five-degree slant or slope to all the letter stems.

ITALIC nib width: five descender/ ascender nib width: eight pen point: 45°
There's a five-degree incline on all stems in Italic.
Roman
Roman capitals were at first advanced by old Roman stone cutters and cut
with an hammer and chisel. Their look is standard and clear, with no too
much-improving swashes. There is one little stunt to accomplishing a bit of
the serifs: keep one point of the pen static and turn possibly on that point to
pull the serif out.
ROMAN CAPITALS nib width: seven pen point: 30°

Gothic
Gothic is one of the most effectually perceived of all the lettering styles.
Starting in the 12th century, its significant, exact strokes and solidly pressed
letters were used for compositions and formal reports for hundreds of years
are so far used today for practically identical works. The completed item can
be difficult to read so should not to be used when intelligibility is basic.
GOTHIC nib width: five descender/ascender nib width: seven pen point: 45°
Letter separating is equivalent to around 1 stroke width.

59
Gothicized Italic
This Gothicized Italic letterform has the convention and thickness of standard
Gothic, in any case, the Italic in Kuences gives it more Kair and verve. The
roundness of the letters in like manner makes it readabl in longer messages
than Gothic would be, making it sensible for formal to semiformal works that
ought to be clear.
GOTHICIZED ITALIC nib width: five descender/ascender nib width: seven
pen edge: 45°
Batarde
Batarde is a Gothic cursive hand, with a whip-like stroke and excellent turns
made with the side of the pen nib. These letters have the attitude and are mind
blowing for use with an enthusiastic expressive book.
BATARDE nib width: four descender/ascender nib width: six pen edge: 35°

The "f" and "p" in this letterform require a touch of pen control to get the
descending stroke. Start with your pen nib at a 35-degree point and pull
descending. As you slide the nib down, curve the pen gradually so the line
tightens perfectly.
Batarde Swash Majuscule
This capitalized utilized for Batarde could likewise be utilized conversely
with the lowercase Gothic or Gothicized Italic letters.
The swashes in this capitalized need a huge amount of space to move around,
so a liberal x-height should be used. The valuable stones are drawn with a 45-
degree pen edge to make them fairly heavier. These and the hairline strokes
should be added to your letter last. I have hued the stroke direction arrows for
these to make them more straightforward to see with the intricate lettering.
BATARDE UPPERCASE nib width: 10 pen edge: 35° diamons pen point:
45°
Versals
Versals hate common calligraphic letters. As opposed to using a pen nib to de
ne your thin and thicks, versals are drawn with pencil or pen as formats and a
short time later filled in with the dull, shade of your choice, or overlaying.
Generally they were used to begin sections or sentences (thusly their name),
and because they are so dazzling they should be used sparingly in a piece. I
have de ned a nib width for the x-height and ascenders as a sort of viewpoint
point and guide. Stroke demand isn't critical with these letters.
VERSALS nib width: five descender/ascender nib width: six pen point: none
12 Calligraphy Projects Step by
Step
Presently it's an ideal opportunity to have some good times with your freshly
discovered calligraphy skills! The tasks in this part will show you exactly
what number of ways you can utilize calligraphy and elaborate lettering to
upgrade nearly anything, from basic declarations and welcome cards, to
dreamwork of art, logos, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. We'll begin
with six activities for writing material and occasion declarations, at that point
go on to six all the more challenging display items you can adorn with
artwork!
Bookplates
Bookplates have a long history related to calligraphy and illustration. As
books in early history were valuable and regularly costly belongings, it was
critical to name a book to distinguish the owner. An owner would now and
then commission a bookplate configuration joining the family coat of specific
structures to show their area of interest.
Bookplates are likewise called ex libris signifying "from the library of" and
regularly the expression Ex Libris is remembered for the bookplate structure
with a clear area for the owner's name, or with the name remembered for the
plan.
Making your very own bookplates to print out on name paper or inkjet sticker
sheets is a simple and fun venture for your new calligraphy skills!
1. Your bookplate can be any shape or estimation. If you will be
printing them out on inkjet sticker paper you may need to pick an
estimation that separates the paper equally to avoid waste. If you
will be using precut office names, see what sizes are open first and
assemble your bookplate around that. My model here is expected
for a name that is 3½ x 5 inches (9cm x 13cm).

2. First choose what kind of feel you need your bookplate to have, as
that will decide the calligraphy hand you need to utilize and the
sort of embellishments you'll include. I've chosen to make an
extremely romantic design so I have chosen italic letters with
swash capitals. As bookplates normally have over-the-top designs,
I've made my swash capitals larger
concerning the lowercase letters. I've worked each word out on its bit of
paper so I can attempt some various methods for spreading them out on
the bookplate.

3. This layout consumes the space over the "Libris" but makes the
"Ex" feel to some degree confined.
4. In this format, the "Libris" dangles off the "Ex" though both words are still
very intelligible.

5. Having only a banner looks a little boring, so I'm going to add a

little bird to hold up the top corner of my banner, and a little
companion for him in the upper left corner.
6. I despise everything that has space to fill, so I'll include a curling
trail of spots from my birds, similar to a flight way.

7. Using a similar procedure as making vines, I'll add some additional

twists to the flight way to fill my encompassing space much more.
8. Finally, I'll include some sweet little hearts of shifting sizes,
supplanting the second dot over the "I" in "Libris" with a little heart.
The most effective method to make a Banner

1. Start making a flag by drawing two joined equal bent lines.

2. Add two forked finishes on either side, marginally beneath the

fundamental banner.

3. Join the forked closures to the primary banner with a small curve.

4. To make a flourished banner tail, start with your principle banner

 as before. Include two lines that bend from side to side, crossing
as they go.

5. Add a smooth bend to balance the "outside" of the flourish.

6. Erase some part of the first curves to make a turning sweeping tail.
Adding Color
With your artwork completed, you will be able to add some shading to
genuinely make the plan pop! Sweep the completed structure into your
computer and print out a photocopy or print out on sticker sheets and use a
paste stick or twofold sided tape to apply inside your books. Leave the name
region on the pennant clear so you can change the name and give your
bookplates to loved ones!

Greeting Cards
Making your greeting cards is an extraordinary method to customize your
blessing giving. Cards can be imprinted on plain cardstock or on a large
number of the financially made carefully assembled papers that come in a
variety of colors and textures.
To additionally customize a card, try printing out the standard illustrations or
greeting and afterward including your handmade touches of calligraphy or
color to the printed card.
Standard Card Size
To make a standard card size that can be printed on a normal 8½ x 11-inch
(22 x 28cm) piece of paper, you'll have to characteristic oF a structure
territory of 8½ x 5½ inches (22 x 14cm). This will permit you to fit two cards
for every sheet when you print them out.
Orientation
Next, choose how your card will be arranged. A horizontal style will permit
you a great deal of space to write in large luxurious letters, though an
upstanding vertical card permits you space to work out full citations of
content.

1. Most printers have a print area marginally smaller than a piece of

paper, so it's a smart thought not to have your plan run right to the
edge or it'll be cut. Remembering this I've made an internal outskirt
to outline my structure and wall it in. As this will be an occasion
card, I've picked Gothicized Italic for my lettering, which is formal
yet exceptionally ornamental.
2. To dress up the card I've included some holly branches and Celtic
knotwork to go about as border decorations. This knot design is
made the very same route as appeared on pages 42-44, just rather
than an equivalent number of dots vertically and horizontally, I've
made it just a couple of dots high by a lot increasingly long, to
accomplish the size expected to fit the space.

3. With the essential white and black card designs and calligraphy
total on my master copy, I scan the completed card into my PC so I
can print many duplicates voluntarily and color them each
exclusively with a bit of watercolor. Be sure to check at a
sufficiently high enough that it will print pleasant and clean;
usually, 150 dpi (specks per inch) or 300 dpi is satisfactory.
 Save the scan as a high-quality jpeg and place it in whatever sort of
design or graphic software you're alright with.
4. On the other hand, you can copy the white and black artwork
onto decent paper, at that point make many duplicates.

5. If you need to send a lot of cards, you might need to consider

coloring your card design first, at that point filtering it into your PC
to print out multiple times. You can generally include hand
contacts afterward, using a metallic pen to include some radiance,
or by calligraphy name or message inside the card. But if you have
just twelve or two to send it's a decent touch to paint every one
separately, making each card a work of art in its own right.

Bookmarks
Bookmarks are a fun and simple venture and they're incredible to share with
your loved ones. A bookmark can be any size that is fitting to the sort of
books you like to peruse, regardless of whether typical softcover books or
larger than usual hardcovers. Make sure to overlay your completed bookmark
to guarantee that the colors or inks don't run or move to the book pages.

1. First, choose whether you plan on making a hand-painted and

calligraphic master bookmark and afterward imitating it to impart to
companions, or a single independent piece. If you plan on printing out
duplicates of your bookmark, you'll have to leave a little border or
print edge around the design so nothing is cut when printed. In case
you're making only one, you can draw your structure straight up to
the edge.
For the text, I needed something free and light, so I've picked
Foundational for my calligraphy hand. To keep a casual feeling, I've
utilized lowercase letters and no capitalization.
2. Balancing an art nouveau style rose in the inside, I included some
fine filigree scrollwork beneath and above.

3. To occupy more space, I included some little dots around the

structure that can be gilded or colored and a couple of charming little
butterflies.
 4. I at that point painted the completed piece in delicate spring colors
to design the structure with the subject.

Logos
A business logo can be produced using a word or words, a picture, or a blend
of the two. The way into a very much made logo is to keep it straightforward.
If you use words, nobody ought to need to battle to unravel the name of your
business. What's more, if you utilize a picture, it shouldn't be a hyper-sensible
or excessively complex design.
With an individual logo, you have somewhat more opportunity of expression
and can make something somewhat more intricate, for example, a monogram,
for instance. Monograms can be incredibly resplendent blends of at least two
letters, wrapped together to make an itemized
structure, or the straightforward join of a few decorative letters to make a
clean yet advanced picture.
Italic Swash Capitals are unmistakably appropriate for these sorts of designs.

Let’s try our hand at making a basic logo for an organization called "Creative
Expressions." Studying the capital letters "K" and "E," we can see that there
are various twists that could be utilized in the blend or covering one another.

Although this is a pleasant mix, there isn't sufficient space to work out the
remainder of the letters for the organization's name. This blend would be
increasingly fit to an individual monogram where you would not be working
out the complete name.

This mix permits space for extra text, anyway, the rhythm isn't satisfying and
the letters simply look "put together" rather than flowing easily from one to
the next.
Here's a winning mix! The two letters Low effectively into one another, and
when combined with some simple text to finish the name, the finished design
is both clear and exquisite.
 Chapter 6:
Business Cards and Letterhead
A business card can take on numerous arrangements depending upon whether
they will be printed at home or taken to a specialist printer, and what your
financial arrangement is (budget). Most business cards are 2 x 3½ inches (5 x
9cm).
In case you're making your cards yourself, you can buy pre-punctured pieces
of paper that load into your inkjet printer. After printing you destroy the cards
at the perforations. These cards are fast and simple, anyway, the paperweight
is typically thin and the punctured edges are recognizable on the completed
cards.
For a prevalent quality custom made card, purchase cardstock paper and cut
the cards out by hand with blade (a sharp one) and tempered steel ruler. You
will have a thicker card that will feel progressively proficient, cleaner edges,
and more choices in the hues and sorts of cardstock paper to look over. You'll
have to investigate various avenues with respect to papers to see what prints
well from your printer; anyway the completed card will be justified even in
spite of the extra bit of exertion.
Structuring your letterhead is very direct. Your logo ordinarily goes in the top
left-hand corner, the inside is left clear for your communications, and
afterward, the remainder of your organization's contact information is
typically put to one side of the logo, underneath it, or over the base.
Business cards can be made in a few different groups. Most are printed on a
level plane, yet if there's a great deal of information to pass on, a collapsed
card works admirably.
Choose what information you might want to be remembered for your card. At
the base, it ought to have your name or organization name, and an approach
to get in touch with you, for example, your telephone number or email
address. You can likewise incorporate your title, site, and street number if
that you pick. If all else fails, having a disentangled design and simply the
fundamental information required will bring about a more proficient looking
card.

Wedding Announcements
In case you're arranging your wedding or another extraordinary occasion a
while ahead of time, it's a smart thought to make a "Save the Date" postcard
that can be sent to every one of your visitors. While the total subtleties will
be sent later in a legitimate greeting, a "Save the Date" card guarantees your
visitors can in any event save that date in their social schedule for going to
your occasion. A "Save the Date" card typically coordinates your general
occasion topic in colors and style and is normally a corresponding structure
to the official invitation.
1. To begin, the letters should be linked in the most limited and
fulfilling way. Here I've added a little ampersand for lowercase
Batarde and joined the tip of the lower ampersand to the crossbar of
the "A." Then I settled the "E" against them. As this is an individual
monogram, clarity can be relinquished to a little degree; be that as it
may, the letters should be easily readable.
For this model, we'll use a detailed monogram style plan with additional
embellishments to dress it up. To genuinely push the lettering over the top,
I'm picking Batarde Uppercase for its expansive letterforms.

2. A conventional flourish utilized in monograms and Copperplate style

calligraphy is an undulating flow that streams from side to side,
crossing itself and becoming smaller as it tightens. If we utilize the
base tip of the "E" we have a characteristic beginning stage for this
sort of swash.
 3. As the wedding will be in the fall, incorporating some ivy leaves in
pre-winter shades of gold and red gives it a lovely touch and gives
locales of shading. Coordinated like this around the lettering, the
leaves similarly make a regrettably heart-shaped arrangement all
around, which suits a wedding theme.

4. To finish the card, the names of those getting married are included
(both first and last names), and the date to be saved. A short welcome
and the words "Invitation to follow" are customary.

In case you're printing the cards yourself, you can examine the last plan into
your PC, including the typed text for the date and welcome and print off
different duplicates. In case you're positive about your calligraphy abilities
and don't have many cards to do, take a stab at checking in simply the leaf
and thrive subtleties and afterward hand-calligraphy the monogram initials on
each card separately for that carefully handmade touch.
Invitations
After all the wedding or occasion subtleties have been settled and the real
occasion date draws near, invitations should be conveyed.
Invitations can be made without any scratch; in any case, if you conveyed
Save the Date cards, at that point, for the most part, the two will coordinate
somehow or another, for example, including little details from the Save the
Date card, the color topic, or the general design.
As this is the genuine invitation, we'll extend the first Save the Date postcard
into an appropriate welcome card organization to incorporate all the extra
details.
Our unique monogram would now be able to become the dominant center
stage in the design. Broadening it however much as could reasonably be
expected despite everything permits some decent room above and beneath to
make a decorative Celtic knotwork fringe in the overwhelming dark to
coordinate the black in the monogram calligraphy. A couple of pre-winter
leaves in the border integrate the entire plan.
Extra subtleties required for the official greeting incorporate the reception
areas and participation times, expected dress clothing if appropriate, and any
unique blessing directions.

For the inside of the card, a portion of the fall leaves is utilized as little
decorative components to isolate the content. Little parchments added to the
corner leaves make a decent completing touch.

Place Cards and Thank-You ’ s

Some extra things that you may need for a wedding would be place cards to
spread out on the reception tables demonstrating your guest plan for the
visitors, and notes to say thanks to sending after the wedding. Both are
effectively made utilizing what you've just intended for the invitations and
Save the Date cards, and are a pleasant touch to finish your whole wedding or
event planning.

79
Place cards ought to be basic and simple to read with some little decorative
components included. If the names are hand-calligraphic they would be
brilliant souvenirs for your visitors to bring home after the reception.

Notes to say thanks are a basic piece of good etiquette. Consider sending
cards not exclusively to the visitors who brought you gifts, yet in addition to
thanking individuals only for coming and sharing your exceptional day.

Monograms
We've just taken a look at a fundamental monogram design, yet building up a
progressively ornate monogram can be somewhat muddled once you begin
including more details, embellishments, and letters. So we should take a look
at certain instances of how to separate various mixes.

Letters Create a Shape

In the style of monogram seen on these two pages, consider the letters filling
or making a general shape, instead of letting the letters characterize the
structure. This could be valuable in an endeavor like a private commission
for wedding composing material
Maybe the customer might want the general shape to be a heart or to fill a
shield shape like a coat of arms.
1. Decide on the Overall Shape
The first step is to settle on your shape. For this example how about we
utilize a shield shape and the letters T and F. You'll need to utilize a good
fancy letter set (for this situation I picked Gothicized Italic) so you have
some flourishes to work with when filling your picked shape. As should be
obvious here, simply composing our letters into the shape doesn't fill it well
indeed, and does nothing to help characterize the edges.

2. Adjust the Letterforms

The dark letters show the first calligraphy as we learned it in the alphabet
chapter; in any case, with a limited quantity of tweaking, we can make the
letters fit the shape much better. In case you're experiencing difficulty
perceiving how the letters could be stretched out or balanced to fill the
region, attempt harsh outlining the letters in with a pencil first, and afterward,
calligraphy overtops once you like how it's filling in.
3. Add Flourishes
Including some flourishes gives us an approach to fill more spaces in the
structure. Springing off from a Lip toward the finish of an ordinary stroke,
proceed with the line with undulating bends back and forth and including
little curls at the ends.
4. Detail the Letters
On the first letter T, there are a couple of lines from the upstanding bar, yet
the edge of those lines doesn't permit me to consolidate them into the F to
give the letters some evenness. So I'm going to incline them somewhat deeper
and add the coordinating pair to the F as an extra decorative touch. I'm
additionally combining the two letters with some hairline wisps from the rear
of the F to the T.

5. Finish with Decorative Touches

To finish the monogram, I plated the shield fringe in gold and for some
additional adornment, included a light blue-and-white checkerboard example
to the foundation. For more textural interest, some of the blue blocks are
darker and some are lighter.

Center Stage Letter

This style is incredible for featuring an ornate and fancy letter in the plan. If
the letters in the order you've decided to utilize has a particularly beautiful
letter that is additionally a letter that happens in your monogram, you might
need to pick this style.
1. Pick Your Alphabets

For my lavish letter (the M shape with the twisted sides), I will use Lom
bardic Versals.
The little M in the center of the elaborate one will be downright Roman. This
gives me a pleasant fancy letter I can use for the greatest adornment and a
less difficult letter to take behind the stage to my main letter. To fit the
Roman M inside my Versal M, I have to modify the typical letter width and
make it increasingly slender (the first Roman M has appeared in gray above,
and the changed M is in black).

2. Start Ornamentation
The highest points of the Roman letter M could use more ornamentation, so
instead of the standard Roman tops (see Step 1), I'll add some organizing
twists to each side. Including a second outline inside the Versal M is a basic
strategy to fabricate the detail level too.
3. Add Embellishments
Since the principle letters have been settled, it's the ideal opportunity for
some extra embellishments. First I'll add minimal half lowers to crown the
two tops on my inward M to make a touch of detail. The adjusted state of
these half-Lowers echoes the adjusted shape in the stem of the Versal M.
4. Continue Embellishing

The flowers offer a good chance to weave a general line back and forth across
and through the letters.
5. Finish with Color
At long last, including a full Lower at the base purpose of the plan integrates
the flourishes. Note how the state of that Lower repeats the precious stone
shapes in the sides of the Versal M. For shading, a dim regal blue on the
Versal M, some lighter blue on the flowers, and gold on the edges gives this
monogram a magnificent look.
 Chapter 7:
How to Introduce Kids to
Calligraphy

Stage 1: Clear the table

Stage 2: Set up your provisions. Calligraphy pen, ink, paper
Stage 3: Show your youngster instances of calligraphy. Ask, "How is this
writing not the same as the writing that we use to make records or write our
names?"
Stage 4: Practice drawing and composing. The object here is to fun around
with the pen/s and not stress a lot over how the writing turns out.
We drew right our sketchbooks, which is good a nice place to keep a running
record of our drawings. The biggest test of utilizing a calligraphy pen comes
down to how you hold the pen. I tenderly held the pen in my hand to tell my
children the best way to best contort the pen with the goal that the nib was
situated appropriately on the paper. I didn't stress a lot over genuine
calligraphy structure.
The thought here isn't to show my children how to write in flawless
calligraphic structure yet to introduce them with a cool material. In the
picture over, my 3-year old utilized a drawing nib and shared to with me that
this was the most agreeable grip for her. She made some incredible memories
playing with the pen and drawing an image (of me, on a swing,
coincidentally!).
 Chapter 8:
Hand Lettering for Beginners:
5 Lettering Tutorials to Get You
Going
From road signs to blackboard menus to national promotion campaigns, you
can find hand lettering all over the place. But at the same time, it's scaring for
those of us who are simply beginning. It takes practice, so, fortunately, we
have two lettering specialists, Annica Lydenberg and Roxy Prima, to give
us a few hints to begin .
1. Choose Your Pens & Pencils
Having the correct supplies will assist make with giving lettering easier, yet
you don't need to go out and spend a fortune on pens and pencils or brush tips
immediately. There is a broad scope of tools, contingent upon what sort of
style you are going for in your lettering.
• Pencils: Mechanical or Lead-In
Prima notes, "I like to utilize mechanical pencils since they generally
remain sharp. My most loved is the Kohl-Noor Mephisto Pencil."
Lead in pencils can be hard or delicate, going from 6H (hard) – 6B
(delicate), with HB being widely appealing. Lydenberg says, "I
normally sketch from the start with lighter pencils— which means more
diligently lead—and afterward proceed onward to softer lead, darker
pencils when my plan has taken more shape." Take a look at this pencil
hardness direct for reference. In case you're simply beginning, you can
snatch pretty much any drawing pencil set from your neighborhood
workmanship gracefully store.
• Pens
Pens arrive in significantly more varieties. "I love working with truly
fine point ink pens, however, I have many friends that incline toward
thicker brush pens," Prima says. It's everything about finding what
works for you. She says a decent starter set of fine tip pens, is Micron.
"They come in a range from extremely modest (for those little subtleties
that give your work a touch of a bonus) to a decent thick size to fill in
your letters with dark ink. These are great are truly need to concentrate
on spotless, detailed letters," she says. For an all, the more free,
freestyle style, Prima says brush pens for brush lettering are the best,
and she suggests Tombows.

"The most significant thing is to practice and find what devices work
for you and your style," says Prima.
2. Choose Your Paper
This is an immense classification and everybody works unexpectedly.
Sketchbooks or lettering books are constantly incredible to have available,
and one of Prima's top picks is the Canson Multi-Media Paper Pad. "I like it
provided that I am utilizing ink pens, the paper is thick enough that it won't
seep through," she notes. The following paper is likewise great to have when
you are first beginning. "It gives you a decently smooth surface to rehearse
on, while not depleting all the ink in your pens."
Lydenburg recommends utilizing diagram paper. "It will assist you with
keeping the loads reliable just as your baseline, x-height, and cap-height."
When you're past the underlying outlining stage, you might need to graduate
to a more pleasant sheet for your last work-up. Prima utilizes Bristol paper
for her last pieces for its smooth surface and thick weight.

3. Do Some Warm-Up Exercises

We've built up the instruments, so we should begin drawing diverse lettering
styles.
Prima starts each task with this basic warm-up. Utilizing a ruler, make
straight lines on your paper. Start by making some calculated straight lines,
moving to progressively complex curves and shapes. Attempt to keep your
shapes the equivalent and evenly spaced. "This will assist you with balance
and kerning in your future hand lettering pieces. What's more, take as much
time as necessary—it is smarter to be slow and exact than brisk and messy,"
she notes. "Shapes and lines are the structure blocks for letters so they are
great for rehearsing. I draw lines and curves to rehearse my spacing and
control of the pen. This is additionally a good method to become more
acquainted with new pens and pencils and perceive how they work."

4. Start Lettering!
Since you feel great with the basic states of letterforms, and your hand is nice
and warmed up, it's an ideal opportunity to play! "Hand lettering allows you
to do anything you need with your letters, so experimentation truly causes me
to think of new thoughts," says Prima.
Take a little word, or a letter of your decision, and attract it the same number
of ways as you can consider. Fill the whole page, or many pages, and don't
consider it too hard. Try not to stress over it being acceptable or beautiful.
The most significant thing is to practice and attempt to do it consistently.
This is just about taking a step at something new and perceiving how far you
can push your letters! "I do this training normally, and ordinarily it turns out
appalling. In any case, in those terrible representations, in some cases I
discover something that moves me to make something extraordinary," Prima
says.
Similarly, as with any art genre, it's a smart thought to realize what's as of
now out there and see what works and what doesn't, and what styles appeal to
you. Lydenburg says, "Start by analyzing lots of font styles. Especially, take
a look at where the weight falls and the void area that is made by each letter.
The blank area is similarly as significant as what you are drawing." When she
begins a task, she builds her letters from the back to front, noticing, "now and
then it assists with beginning with a more skeletal structure and afterward
develop the body of the letter around that."
5. Produce a Finished Piece
Take a short-expression and give it some life. Investigate your page(s) from
the last exercise, and pick a couple of styles of letters that truly stand apart to
you. Focus on the words that are the most significant and should stand out the
most. Sketch each word in a somewhat unique style—don't be reluctant to
combine different looks.
"I generally begin with a fundamental design so I realize I have enough space
for each word," Prima says. "At that point, I delicately sketch in the words
and ensure they fit and look right together. Try not to be reluctant to have
your letters interacting with each other. Next, I diagram my letters in a thin
ink pen and delete the pencil. At long last, I do all the details and concealing
that make the piece look concluded!"
Lydenberg prompts, "Get a random bit of lettering, photo a sign, remove a
commercial, or get a cool bundle. At that point select a short word and make
up what you figure the remainder of the alphabet would resemble. You may
just have five letters to go on. Have a go at making up the other 21 and
perhaps numbers and punctuation if you feel eager!"
Hand lettering takes lots and loads of training, so don't surrender. Keep
drawing letters with these activities and you'll inevitably observe large
enhancements.