ENDAYA JR., JUDY A.

JULY 31, 2020

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1. PACING. In walking along a 75-m course, the pacer of a field party counted
43.50, 44.00, 43.50, 43.75, 44.50, and 43.25 strides. Then 105.50, 106.00,
105.75, and 106.25 strides were counted in walking from one marker to another
established along a straight and level course. Determine the distance between
the two markers.
Given:
43.50, 44.00, 43.50, 43.75, 44.50, 43.25 strides for 75-m course
105.50, 106.00, 105.75, 106.25 strides for x
Requirements:
Distance between the two markers, x
Illustration:

75 m

Solution:

75 m
Pace factor =
(43.50+ 44.00+ 43.50+43.75+ 44.50+43.25)strides
( 6 )
75 m
Pace factor =
262.50 strides
( 6 )
75 m
Pace factor =
43.75 strides ( 2stride
paces
)
75 m
Pace factor =
87.50 paces
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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m
Pace factor =0.857
pace

x=( pace factor )(meannumber of pace )

m strides
(
x= 0.857
pace () (105.50+106.00+105.75+106.25)
4 )
m 2 paces
[
x= 0.857
pace ][
(105.875 strides) (
stride )]
m
[
x= 0.857
pace ][
211.75 paces ]

75 m
Pace factor =
(43.50+ 44.00+ 43.50+43.75+ 44.50+43.25)strides
( 6 )
75 m
Pace factor =
262.50 strides
( 6 )
75 m
Pace factor =
43.75 strides ( 2stride
paces
)
75 m
Pace factor =
87.50 paces

m
Pace factor =0.857
pace

x=( pace factor )(meannumber of pace )

m (105.50+106.00+105.75+106.25) strides
(
x= 0.857
pace )( 4 )
m 2 paces
[
x= 0.857
pace ][
(105.875 strides) (
stride )]
m
[
x= 0.857
pace ][
211.75 paces ]

x = 181.50 m
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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2. PACING. A student paces a 50-m length five times with the following results:
57.00, 56.75, 56.50, 58.00, and 56.25 paces. Determine how many paces he
must step off in order to establish a distance of 450 meters on level ground.
Given:
57.00, 56.75, 56.50, 58.00, and 56.25 paces for 50-m length
Required:
No. of paces to establish 450 m
Illustration:

50 m

450 m

Solution:

Mean No. of Paces=

∑ (Paces M ade)
No. of Trials
57.00+56.75+56.50+ 58.00+ 56.25
¿
5
¿ 56.90 paces
50 m
Pace Fator =
56.90 paces
m
¿ 0.8787
pace

450 m
No. of Paces=
m
0.8787
pace

No. of Paces=512.10 Paces

3. PACING. Determine the length of a line negotiated in 208 paces by a person

whose pace is 0.76 meter long.
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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Given:

m
No. of paces=208 Pace Factor =0.76
pace

Required:

Length of a line, D

Illustration:

0.76 m

Solution:

Distance=No . of Paces × Pace Factor

Distance=208 paces × 0.76 m/ pace

Distance=158.08 m

4. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. With the use of a 1-sec theodolite

positioned at the center of a six-sided lot, the following readings were taken on a
2-m subtense bar setup at each corner: 0°26’16”, 0°12’35”, 0°15’05”, 0°22’29”,
0°30’45”, and 0°09’50”. Determine the distance of each corner from the
instrument position.

Given:

2-m subtense bar

Θ1= 0°26’16” Θ3=0°15’05” Θ5=0°30’45”

Θ2= 0°12’35” Θ4=0°22’29” Θ6=0°09’50”

Required:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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Distance of each corner from the instrument position, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6,

Illustration:

D2
D1
D3
D6
D
D 4
5

Solution:

0° 26 ’ 1 6 ” 0° 12’ 35 ”
D1 ¿ cot D2 ¿ cot D3
2 2
0° 15 ’ 05”
¿ cot
2

D1 ¿ 261.76 m D2 ¿ 546.40 m D3 ¿ 455.83 m

0° 22’ 2 9” 0° 30 ’ 4 5”
D4 ¿ cot D5 ¿ cot D6
2 2
0° 09 ’ 5 0 ”
¿ cot
2

D4 ¿ 305.80 m D5 ¿ 223.59 m D6 ¿ 699.20 m

5. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2-m long subtended bar was first set up
at A and subsequently at B, and the subtended angles to the bar, as read from a
theodolite positioned somewhere along the middle of line AB, were recorded as
0° 24’ 15”, and 0° 20’ 30”, respectively. Determine the length of AB.

Given:

2-m subtense bar

ΘA= 0° 24’ 15” ΘB=0°20’ 30”

Required:

Length of AB, DAB

Illustration:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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0° 24’ 15”
0°20’ 30”

A B

Solution:

DAB = DA + DB

0 ˚ 20' 30 }} right 0 ˚ 24 ' 55}} right

1m 1m
DAB = ¿ + ¿
tan ¿ tan ¿
¿ ¿

DAB = 275.9383m + 375.3889m

DAB = 611.327m

6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A traverse line was measured in three sections:

295.85 m at slope 8° 45’, 149.58 m at slope 4° 29’, and 373.48 m at slope 4°
25’.Determine the horizontal length of the line.

Given:

295.85 m at slope 8° 45’ 149.58 m at slope 4° 29’

373.48 m at slope 4° 25’

Required:

The horizontal length of the line, LT

Illustration:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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m
.48
373
m 4° 25’
8
149.5
. 85 m 4° 29’
295
8° 45’

Solution:

L1 ¿ 295.85 cos(8 ° 45 ’) L2 = 149.58 cos(4 ° 29’ )

L1 ¿ 292.407 m L2 = 149.122m

L3 ¿ 373.48 cos ( 4 ° 25 ’ ) LT = 292.407 m+ 149.122m+372.371 m

L3 ¿ 372.371m LT = 813.898 m

7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A slope measurement of 545.38 m is made

between points A and B. The elevation of A is 424.25 m and that of B is 459.06
m. Determine the horizontal distance between the two points.

Given:

Elevation of A = 424.25 m Elevation of B = 459.06 m

Slope Measurement = 545.38 m

Required:

The horizontal distance between the two points, L

Illustration:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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545.38m

424.25m 459.06m

Solution:

DE=elev . B – elev . A . L=√ s 2−D E2

DE=459.06 m−424.25 m L=√ 545.382−34.512

DE=34.81 m L=544.27 m

8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. The sides of a rectangular parcel of property

were measured and recorded as 249.50 m and 496.85 m. It was determined,
however, that the 30-m tape used in measuring was actually 30.05 m long.
Determine the correct area of the rectangle in hectares.

Given:

MLL = 496.85 m NL = 30 m

MLw = 249.50 m c = +0.05 m

Required:

The correct area of the rectangle in hectares, AHectares

Illustration:

496.85 m

249.50 m
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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Solution:

W '=W +C L'=L+C

C=c x ( NLW ) C=c x ( NLL )

C=0.05 m x ( 249.50 m
30 m )
C=0.05 m x ( 496.85
30 m )

C=0.4158 m C=0.8280 m

W '=249.50 m+0.4158 m L'=496.85 m+0.8280 m

W '=249.92m L'=497.68 m

A=L' x W '

A=249.92m x 497.68 m

A=124380.18 sq . m

A=12.44 ha

9. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. A 30-m steel tape when compared with a

standard is actually 29.95 m long. Determine the correct length of a line
measured with this tape and found to be 466.55 m.

Given:

NL = 30 m c = -0.05 m

ML = 466.55 m

Required:

The correct length of a line, CL

Illustration:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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Solution:

ML
CL=ML−C C=c x
NL
CL=466.55 m−0.78 m

466.55 m
C=0.05 x CL=465.77 m
30 m
C=0.78 m

10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A track and field coach wishes to lay out for his
team a 200-m straightway course. If he uses a 50-m tape known to be 50.20 m
long, determine the measurements to be made so that the course will have the
correct length.

Given:

L = 200m c = 0.20 m

NL = 50 m

Required:

The measurements to be made, L’

Illustration:

Solution:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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L
L'=L−C C=c x L'=200 m−0.80 m
NL

C=0.20 m x ( 200 m
50 m )
L'=199.20 m

C=0.80 m

11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. It is required to lay out a building 80 m by 100 m

with 30-m long metallic tape which was found to be 0.15 m too short. Determine
the correct dimensions to be used in order that the building shall have the
desired measurements.

Given:

L = 100m c = +0.15 m

W= 80m NL = 30 m

Required:

The correct dimensions to be used, L’ and W’

Illustration:

100 m

80 m

Solution:
' '
L =L+C W =W +C

L W
C=c x C=c x
NL NL

C=0.15 m x ( 100 m
30 m )
C=0.15 m x ( 8030 mm )
C=0.50 m C=0.40 m
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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'
L =100 m+ 0.50 m W '=80 m+ 0.40m

L'=100.50 m W '=80.40 m

12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A steel tape whose nominal length is supposed
to be 30 m long was found to be 30.02 m long when compared with an invar tape
during standardization. If the tape is to be used in laying out a 520 m by 850 m
rectangular parking lot, determine the actual dimensions to be laid out.

Given:

L = 850m c = -0.02 m

W= 520m NL = 30 m

Required:

The actual dimensions to be laid out, L’ and W’

Illustration:

850 m

520 m

Solution:

L' =L−C W ' =W −C

L W
C=c x C=c x
NL NL

C=0.02 m x ( 850 m
30 m )
C=0.02 m x ( 520 m
30 m )

C=0.567 m C=0.346 m
' '
L =850 m−0.567 m W =520 m−0.346 m
'
L =849.43 m W '=519.65m
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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13. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A 30-m steel tape is of standard

length at 20°C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1°C,
determine the distance to be laid out using this tape to establish two points
exactly1235.65 m apart when the temperature is 33°C.

Given:

NL= 30m α= 0.0000116/1°C To= 20°C

L=1235.65m T=33°C

Required:

The distance to be laid out, L’

Illustration:

Solution:

CT = L × α × (t – t0). L’ = L - CT

CT = 1235.65 m × 0.0000116/1°C × (33°C - 20°C) L’ = 1235.65m –

0.186m

CT = 0.186 m L’= 1235.46 m

14. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A steel tape having a correct

length at 22°C was used to measure a baseline and the recorded readings gave
the total of 856.815 m. If the average temperature during the measurement was
18°C, determine the correct length of the line.

Given:
ENDAYA JR., JUDY A. JULY 31, 2020
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ML = 856.815 m α = 0.0000116/1°C

T = 18°C To = 22°C

Required:

Correct length of the line, CL

Illustration:

Solution:

CT = L × α × (t – t0). CL = ML ± CT

CT = 856.815 m × 0.0000116/1°C × (18°C - 22°C) CL = 856.815 m

-0.040 m

CT = -0.040 m CL = 856.775 m

15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A heavy 30-m tape having a cross-sectional area of 0.05 cm 2 has
been standardized at a tension of 5 kg. If E = 2.10 x 10 6 kg/cm2, calculate the elongation of the tape for
an increase in tension from 5.5 kg to 20 kg.

Given:
`

P = 20 kg m. Determine the correct length

of the line if E = 2.1 x 106 kg/cm2.
P0 = 5.5 kg

L = 30 m
Given:

A = 0.05 cm2 P = 12 kg E
= 2.10 x
E = 2.10 x 106 kg/c A 106 kg/cm
=0.035cm
Required:
2

Elongation due to pull, CP

P0 = 6.0 kg ML = 308.32
Illustration: m

Required:

Correct length of the line,

CL

Illustration:

Solution:

( P−P 0 ) L .
C P=
AE

( 20 kg−5.5 kg ) (30 m)
C P=
2 6 kg
( 0.05 cm )(2.10 ×10 )
cm2 Solution:

C P=4.143 ×1 0−3 m ( P−P 0 ) L .

C P=
AE
16. CORRECTION DUE TO CL =
TENSION. A steel tape is 30.0-m ML ± CP
long under a pull of 6.0 kg when
supported throughout. It has a ( 12kg−6.0 kg ) (308.32 m)
C P=
cross-sectional area of 0.035 cm2 kg
( 0.035 cm2 )(2.10 ×106 2 )
and is applied fully supported with cm
a 12-kg pull to measure a line CL = 308.32
whose recorded length is 308.32 m + 0.025 m
`

C P=0.025m correct length of the line, A, C

CL = and CL
308.345 m

17. CORRECTION DUE TO

Illustration:
TENSION. A 30-m steel tape
weighing 1.75kg is of standard
length under a pull of 4.55 kg,
supported for full length. This
tape was used in measuring a
line (found to be1371.50 m) on
smooth level ground under a
steady pull of 8 kg. Assuming E =
2.05 x 106 kg/cm2 and that the Solution:
unit weight of steel is 7.9 x 10-3
V = A × L, and ρ × V = W,
kg/cm3, determine the following:
cross-sectional area of the tape,
correction for increase in tension W
A= ,
for the whole length measured, ρ×L
and the correct length of the 1.75 kg
A=
measured line. kg
7.90 ×10−3 3 ×3000 cm
cm
Given:
A=0.074 cm 2
P = 8.0 kg ML =
1371.50 ( P−P 0 ) L
P0 = 4.55 C P= , and
m AE
kg
E = 2.05 ( 8.0 kg−4.55 kg ) (1371.50 m)
x 106 C P=
kg
(0.074 cm2 )(2.05 ×1 06 )
kg/cm2 c m2

W = 1.75 kg C P=0.026 m
NL = 30 m
CL = ML ± CP
-3 3
ρ = 7.9 x 10 kg/cm
CL = 1371.50 m + 0.026 m
Required:
CL = 1371.526 m
Cross-sectional area of the
tape, correction to be applied and
`

2
18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30- 1.5 kg ¿
m steel tape weighs 1.5kg and is ¿
8.0 kg ¿2
supported at its end points and at the 5 ¿
and15-meter marks. If a pull of 8 kg is 24 ¿
¿
applied, determine the correction due to C S=−¿
sag between supports for one tape
length. C S=−0.044 m

Given: 19. CORRECTION DUE TO

SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighing
L1 = 5.0 m L2 =
0.04 kg/m is constantly supported
10.0 m L3 =
only at its endpoints, and used to
15.0 m
measure a line with a steady pull
P = 8.0 kg W= of 8.5kg. If the measured length
1.5 kg of the line is 2465.18 m,
determine the correct length of
Required: the line.
Correction due to Sag, Cs Given:
Illustration: ML = 2465.18 m
NL = 30.00 m

w = 0.04 kg/m
P = 8.5 kg

Required:

Correct length of the line,

CL
Solution:
Illustration:
2
W L
(¿ )
24 P2 .
C S=−∑ ¿

Solution:
`

2 3
n (w L ) throughout its length under a
C S=−∑
24 P2 standard pull of 6.0 kg, and its
modulus of elasticity is 2.10x106
2460 m
n= =82 full tapelengths , kg/cm2.
30 m
Given:
30 m ¿3
¿ NL = 30m
8.5 kg ¿2
¿ PS = 6.0 kg
3
5.18 m ¿ kg
¿ E = 2.0 x 106 2
cm
kg
8.5 ¿ W= 0.90 kg
¿
24 × ¿ A = 0.045 cm2
kg
0.04 ¿2 × ¿ Required:
m
1 ׿
24 × ¿ Normal tension, PN
kg
0.04 ¿2 × ¿
m
82 ׿ Illustration:
C S=−¿

C S=−0.025m

CL = ML ± CS

CL = 2465.18 m – 0.025 m

CL = 2465.155 m Solution:

0.204 W 2 √ AE
Pn=
√ Pn−Ps
20. NORMALTENSION.
Determine the normal tension 0.204(0.90)2 √ (0.045)(2.0 ×1 06 )
Pn=
required to make a tape exactly √ Pn−6
30.0 m between its ends when
used in an unsupported mode, if PN =15.819 kg
the tape has a cross- sectional
area of 0.045 cm2and weighs
0.90 kg. Assume that the tape is 21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30-m
exactly 30.0 m when supported steel tape supported at its ends
weighs 0.03 kg/m and is of
`

standard length under a pull of W x NL

6.5 kg. If the elastic modulus of
A= ( density x length )
steel is 2.0 x 106 kg/cm2 and its
weight density is 7.9 x 10-3 kgm3,
k
determine the tension at which
the effect of sag will be eliminated Pn= √
0.204 ( 0.09 kg )2 0.03797468 c m2 x 2.0 x 106

√ Pn−6.5 kg
cm
by the elongation of the tape due
to increased tension.
kg

Given:
NL = 30m,
PS = 6.5 kg
A=
[ ( 0.03 ) ( 30 m )
m

(7.9 x 10 cmkg )( 30 m x 100mcm )

3
3

Pn=16.225 kg
]
kg
wῥ = 7.90 x 10 -3
,
cm3 0.09 kg

E = 2.0 x 106
kg
cm2
,
A=
[( kg
cm )
7.9 x 10−3 3 ( 3000 cm ) ]
kg
W = 0.03 , A=0.037974684 c m2
m

Required:
Normal Pull, PN 22. COMBINED
CORRECTIONS. A 30-m tape
Illustration:
weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross
section of 0.022 cm2. It measures
correctly when supported
throughout under a tension of 8.0
kg and at a temperature of 20ºC.
When used in the field, the tape
is only supported at its ends,
under a pull of 9.0 kg and at an
average temperature of 28ºC.
Solution:
Determine the distance between
the zero ad 30-m marks.
A= ( densitymassx length ) Given:
2
0.204 W √ AE
Pn= P = 9.0 kg
√ Pn−Ps
P0 = 8.0 kg
`

A = 0.022 cm2 CL = 30.0034658 m

kg
E = 2.0 x 106 CL = 30.003 m
cm2
23. COMBINED
CORRECTIONS. A line was
t = 28ºC
found to be 2865.35 m long when
t0 = 20ºC
measured with a 30-m tape under
α = 11.6 x 10-6/ ºC a steady pull of 6.5 kg at a mean
NL = 30.0 m temperature of 30ºC. Determine
the correct length of the line if the
Required: tape used is of standard length at
Corrected Length, CL 20ºC under a pull of 5.5 kg.
Assume the cross-sectional area
Illustration: of tape to be 0.025 cm2, elastic
modulus as 2.10 x 106 kg/cm2,
and coefficient of thermal
expansion to be 0.0000116/1ºC

Given:
Solution:
ML = 2865.35 m
CT = Lα(t - t0) t = 30ºC
CP =
α = 0.0000116/1ºC
( P−P0 ) L
t0 = 20ºC
AE

CT = 30 m(11.6 x 10-6 / ºC)(28ºC P = 6.5 kg

-20ºC) CP = P0 = 5.5 kg

(9.0 kg−8.0 kg)(30 m) A = 0.025 cm2

kg E = 2.10 x 106 kg/cm2
(0.022 cm2)(2.0 ×10 6 2 )
cm
Required:
CT = 2.784 x 10-3 m
CP = 6.818 x Correct Length of the Line,
-4
10 m CL

CL = L ± Cp ± CT Illustration:
CL = 30.0 m + 6.818 x 10-4 m +
2.784 x 10-3 m
`

Required:

Angles A, B and C

Illustration:

Solution:

CT = ML × α × (t - t0)

CT = 2865.35 m × 0.0000116/1ºC
× (30ºC - 20ºC)

CT = 0.332 m
Solution:
( P−P0 ) ML
C P= b2 +c 2−a 2
AE 2bc
−1
A=co s ¿
(6.5 kg−5.5 kg)(2865.35 m)
C P=
kg
( 0.025 cm2 )(2.10 ×1 06 2 ) 2 2 2
cm 1840.33 + 1325.05 −1063.55
A=co s−1 ( )
2 ×1840.33 ×1325.05
CP = 0.055 m

CL = ML ± CP ± CT '
A=34 ° 3 9 42.18
2 2 2
−1a + c −b
B=co s ( )
2 ac
24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH
TAPE. The sides of a triangle −1840.33 2+1325.052 +1063.552
B=co s−1 ( )
measure 1063.55, 1840.33, and 2× 1063.55× 1325.05
1325.05 m. Determine the three
angles in the triangle.
B=100 ° 1 2' 59.68
Given:
C=180 °−( 34 ° 3 9' 42.18 +100 ° 1 {2 } ^ {' } 59.6
a = 1063.55 m, '
C=45 ° 7 18.14
b = 1840.33 m,
c = 1325.05 m
`

CL= 2865.35 m + 0.055 m + Solution:

0.332 m
∆ ACE ∆ ABD
CL = 2865.737 m
AC AB
=
25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. CE BD
In the accompanying sketch it is AB−BC AB
=
required to determine the CE BD
distance between points A and B
which spans a wide and deep AB−210.38 AB
=
529.05 385.75
river. Lines BD and CE, which
measure 385.75 m and 529.05 m, AB=¿ 566.32
respectively, are established
perpendicular to line ABC. If
points D and E are lined up with A
and the length of BC = 210.38 m,
determine the required distance.

Given:

BD = 385.75 m

CE = 529.05 m

BC = 210.38 m

Required:

Length of AB

Illustration: