University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun.

Course: B. Tech. Semester: Ist

Fourier Series
1. Define periodic function. What is the period of sin  , cos  , tan  ?
2. Develop the Fourier series of f(x)  x  x 2 in  π  x  π .Hence show that
π2 1 1 π2 1 1 1
i)  1  2  2  .... (ii)  1  2  2  2  ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2
π  cos 2x cos 3x   sin 2x sin 3x 
Ans: x  x 2   4 cos x  2
 2
 ....  2 sin x    ....
3  2 3   2 3 
3. Find Fourier Series for f(x)  x 2  π  x  π and deduce that
π2 1 1 π2 1 1 1
i)  1  2  2  .... (ii)  1  2  2  2  ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2 2
π 1 1 1 π  cos x cos 2x cos 3x cos 4x 
(iii)  1  2  2  2 .... .Ans: x 2   4 2  2
 2
 2
 ....
8 3 5 7 3  1 2 3 4 
3. Obtain Fourier Series for f( x)  x sin x in  π  x  π .Hence deduce that
π 1 1 1 1 cos x 2 cos 2 x 2 cos 3x 2 cos 4x
     .. . Ans: f( x)  1      ...
4 2 1.3 3.5 5.7 2 1.3 2.4 3.5
πx
4. Develop sin in half range cosine series in the range 0  x  L
L
 2 πx 4 πx 6 πx 
 cos cos cos 
πx 2 4 L L L
Ans: sin       ...
L π π  1.3 3.5 5.7 
 
 
0 , π  x  0 1 1 2  cos 2 nx
5. If f( x)   ,Prove that f( x)   sin x   .Hence show that
sin x ,0  x  π π 2 π n 1 4n 2  1
1 1 1 1 1 1 π 2
(i)   ....  (ii)    ... 
1.3 3.5 2 1.3 3.5 5.7 4
x ,  π  x  0 1 1 1 π2
7. Obtain Fourier Series for f( x)   .Hence show that 1  2  2  2 .... 
 x ,0  x  π 3 5 7 8
π 4  cos x cos 3x cos 5x 
Ans: f( x )  
  2  2
 2
 ... 
2 π 1 3 5 
 πx ,0  x  1
8. Obtain Fourier series for f( x)   .
 π ( 2  x),1  x  2
π 4  cos πx cos 3 πx cos 5 πx 
Ans: f( x ) 
  2
 2
 2
 ... 
2 π 1 3 5 
 π
x ,0  x  2 4  sin x sin 3x sin 5x 
9. Find half range sine series for f( x )   .Ans:  2  2
 2
 ... 
π  x, π  x  π π 1 3 5 
 2
x
10. Obtain Fourier series for f(x)  e in 0  x  2 π .
 1  e 2 π  1  1 1 1  1 2 3 
Ans:    cos x  cos 2x  cos 3x  ...   sin x  sin 2x  sin 3x  ...
π 2  2 5 10  2 5 10 
12. Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function of period 2 π defined by
 π π
x , 2  x  2 4  sin x sin 3x sin 5x 
f( x)   . Ans:  2  2
 2
 ... 
π  x, π  x  3 π π 1 3 5 
 2 2
1 1 1 π2
13. Express f( x )  x in  π  x  π as Fourier series. Also deduce that 1  2  2  2 ....  .
3 5 7 8
π 4  cos x cos 3x cos 5x 
Ans: x    2  2
 2
 .... 
2 π 1 3 5 
14. Find the Fourier series for f( x)  sin x in  π  x  π .
2 41 1 
Ans: sin x    cos 2 x  cos 4 x  ... 
π π 3 15 
0 ,2  x  1

15. Find the Fourier series of the function f( x )  k ,1  x  1 .
0 ,1  x  2

 πx 3 πx 5 πx 
 cos cos cos 
k 2k 2  2  2  ...
Ans: f( x)   
2 π  1 3 5 
 
 
1
16. Obtain Fourier series to represent f( x)   π  x 2 , 0  x  2 π .Hence deduce the following:
4
2 2
π 1 1 π 1 1 1
i)  1  2  2  .... (ii)  1  2  2  2  ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2 2
π 1 1 1 π cos x cos 2 x cos 3x
(iii)  1  2  2  2 .... Ans:  2    ....
8 3 5 7 12 1 22 32
17. Expand f( x)  x sin x , 0  x  2 π as a Fourier series.
1 2 2
Ans: x sin x  1  π sin x  cos x  2 cos 2 x  2 cos 3x  ...
2 2 1 3 1
1  ( 1) n n
18. Prove that in interval  π  x  π , x cos x   sin x  2  2 sin nx
2 n 2 n  1
19. Express f( x)  cos ωx ,  π  x  π where ω is a fraction, as a Fourier series. Hence prove
1 2θ 2θ
that cot θ   2 2
 2  ...
θ θ π θ  4π 2
2 ω sin πω  1 cos x cos 2 x cos 3x 
Ans: cos ωx   2  2 2
 2 2
 2 2
 ... 
π  2ω 1 ω 2 ω 3 ω 
20. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function:
 π  x,0  x  π  4  cos x cos 3x   sin x sin 3 x 
f( x)   .Ans: f ( x)    2   ...   4    ... 
 π  x, π  x  0 2  1 3 2
  1 3 
 π  x,0  x  π
21. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function: f( x)  
 π  x, π  x  0
 π 4  cos x cos 3x cos 5x   sin x sin 3x sin 5x 
Ans: f( x )    2  2
 2
 ...   4    ... 
2 π 1 3 5   1 3 5 
 π  x , π  x  0
22. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function: f( x)  
 π  x,0  x  π
π 4  cos x cos 3x cos 5x   sin x sin 3x sin 5x 
Ans: f( x )     2  2
 2
 ...   4    ... 
2 π 1 3 5   1 3 5 
I 0 sin x,0  x  π
23. An alternating current after passing through a rectifier has the form i   ,
0, π  x  2 π
where I 0 is the maximum current and the period is 2 π .
I0 I0 2 I  cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x 
Ans: i   sin x  0  2  2  2  ... 
π 2 π  2 1 4 1 6 1 
24. Expand πx  x 2 in half range sine series in (0 , π ) up to first three terms.
8  sin x sin 3x sin 5x 
Ans: πx  x 2   3  3
 3
 ... 
π 1 3 5 
25. Find a series of cosines of multiples of x which will represent x sin x in the interval (0 , π )
1 1 1 π 2
and show that    ...  .
1.3 3.5 5.7 4
1  cos 2 x cos 3x cos 4 x 
Ans: x sin x  1  cos x  2    ... 
2  1.3 2.4 3.5 
26. Obtain the half range sine series for the function f(x)  x 2 in 0  x  3 .

Ans: f( x)   b n sin
n 1
nπx
3
where b n 
18
nπ
36

 1n 1  3 3  1n  1
n π

2 t ,0  t  1
27. Find the Fourier half range cosine series of the function f( t )  
2( 2  t ),1  t  2
8  nπ  a  nπt
Ans: a 0  2 , a n  2 2 2 cos  ( 1) n  1 , f( t )  0   a n cos
n π  2  2 n 1 2
28. Expand in a Fourier series the function f( x)  x in the interval 0  x  2 π .Sketch its graph
 1 1 
from x  4 π to x  4 π . Ans: x  π  2 sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3x.... 
 2 3 
0 , π  x  0
29. Find the Fourier series expansion of the function f( x)   2 .
x ,0  x  π
π2
Ans: f( x ) 
6 n 1

  a n cos nx  b n sin nnx, a n 
2( 1) n
n 2
, b n 
 π ( 1) n
n

n
2

 2 ( 1) n  1

 2k L
 L x ,0  x  2
30. Find the two half range expansions of the function f( x )   .
 2 k (L  x ), L  x  L
 L 2
k  nπx 4k  nπ   8k nπ nπx
Ans: f( x)    a n cos , a n  2 2 2 cos  ( 1) n  1 ; f( x)   2 2 sin sin
2 n 1 L n π  2  n 1 n π 2 L