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7.2 Trigonometric Integrals: Note 7.1: Sine/Cosine Integrals and U Sub

This section discusses using trigonometric identities to integrate combinations of trigonometric functions. It provides examples of integrating powers of sine and cosine using identities to rewrite the integrals in a form where u-substitution can be used. It also covers integrals involving tangent and secant and provides trigonometric integration identities.

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Aarav Pratap Singh
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11 views

7.2 Trigonometric Integrals: Note 7.1: Sine/Cosine Integrals and U Sub

This section discusses using trigonometric identities to integrate combinations of trigonometric functions. It provides examples of integrating powers of sine and cosine using identities to rewrite the integrals in a form where u-substitution can be used. It also covers integrals involving tangent and secant and provides trigonometric integration identities.

Uploaded by

Aarav Pratap Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.2.

Trigonometric Integrals

7.2 Trigonometric Integrals

In this section we use trigonometric identities to integrate certain combinations of


trigonometric functions.

When integrating a power of sine times a power of cosine, like in the integral
Z
sinm (x) cosn (x) dx ,

we need to use trig. identities to rewrite the integral in a form where we can use
u sub.

Note 7.1: Sine/Cosine Integrals and u sub

What identity we need to use is determined by the powers and whether those
powers are odd or even:

• If at least one power is odd, then we use the identity:

sin2 (x) + cos2 (x) = 1 .

• If both powers are even, then we use one of the half-angle identities:
1 1
sin2 (x) = (1 cos(2x)) or cos2 (x) = (1 + cos(2x)) .
2 2

Z
Example 7.12 Evaluate the integral sin3 (x) cos2 (x) dx .

55
7.2. Trigonometric Integrals

Z
Example 7.13 Calculate the integral sin2 (x) cos3 (x) dx .

Z ⇡/2
Example 7.14 Find the integral cos2 (x) dx .
⇡/2

56
7.2. Trigonometric Integrals

Z
Let’s now use a similar strategy to integrate tan6 (x) sec4 (x) dx .

Before we deal with this integral, let’s review how tan and sec are related:

Z
Example 7.15 Evaluate tan6 (x) sec4 (x) dx .

Z
Example 7.16 Find tan(x) dx .

57
7.2. Trigonometric Integrals

Z
Example 7.17 Evaluate tan3 (x) dx .

Z
Example 7.18 Calculuate sec(x) dx .

58
7.2. Trigonometric Integrals

Z
Example 7.19 Determine sin(4x) cos(5x) dx .

Theorem 7.1: Some Trig. Identities

• sin2 (x) + cos2 (x) = 1

1
• sin2 (x) = (1 cos(2x))
2
1
• cos2 (x) = (1 + cos(2x))
2
• sin(x) cos(x) = 12 sin(2x)

• sec2 (x) = 1 + tan2 (x)

• csc2 (x) = 1 + cot2 (x)

• sin(A) cos(B) = 12 [sin (A B) + sin (A + B)]

• sin(A) sin(B) = 12 [cos (A B) cos (A + B)]

• cos(A) cos(B) = 12 [cos (A B) + cos (A + B)]

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7.2. Trigonometric Integrals

7.2.1 Section Recap

What are some take-away concepts from this section?

60

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