GITAM

(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

A project report on
“Report on Air Conditioning Feasibility Study of POST OFFICE”
This Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Heating Ventilation
& Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Course Work (EME471) For the Academic Year 2019-2020

Submitted By,

[Link] RAO (RN: 3210816124)

[Link] YADAV (RN: 3210816126)

Course In charge
Mr. M Sandeep,
Asst. Prof, Department of Mechanical Engineering

GITAM SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NH 207, Nagadenahalli, Doddaballapura Taluk, Bengaluru Rural District,
Karnataka– 562163
2018-2019
 Abstract
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is the technology for indoor and
automotive ambient comfort. HVAC facilitates in managing the pleasant climate inside
the cabin by controlling the degree of hotness/coolness. The modern commercial or
office building consists of the HVAC system which is Heating, Ventilation, Air-
conditioned. In this report, we’ll going to identify the purpose and goals of
HVAC system, describe HVAC types, describe HVAC parts and describe how this
part words together or it’s working cycle.

"besides to air-conditioning there are ventilation systems like ceiling fan, fresh
air supply and exhaust fan where ceiling fan is used is used to ventilate the air
with rotating blades and exhaust fan is used to displace the inside air to the
outside environment, fresh air supply is used to displace the inside air to the
outside environment by supplying fresh air from the outside air.

"This report involves cooling load estimations and sensible heat factors and
HVAC components of required size and load are estimated and This report also
contains sizing of ducting system based on the velocity method .
 Table of contents

1. Introduction

[Link] load estimations

 sensible heat factors

 sensible heat from internal heat
 sensible heat of equipment load
 sensible heat of CPU & light & phone
 sensible heat from windows

[Link] of HVAC
 centrifugal fan
 compressor
 filters

[Link] of ducting

[Link] of prize
 1. Introduction

This Design Basis Report (DBR) has been prepared to describe various Air-conditioning design
parameters and the design philosophy that will be followed for design and installations of Post office .

The two primary reasons to use an HVAC system are to keep people safe and comfortable.
Your heating and cooling system takes advantage of a filtration system that helps it run smoothly and
eliminates airborne contaminates. The level of filtration will depend on the quality of filter used and the
efficiency of the system installed. Most filters will at least limit the amount of dust circulating through
the air, while the more advanced filters will reduce and remove:
 Odors
 Bacteria
 Allergens
 Contaminates

A functional HVAC system will keep your living space between 73 and 79 degrees Fahrenheit during
hot summer months, and between 68 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit during cold winter months. Those in
the HVAC trade refer to these temperatures as optimal comfort zones.
Heating and cooling systems also limit humidity. Too little or too much humidity in any given area can
create discomfort. HVAC systems keep humidity between 25 and 45 percent to create an optimal living
environment.
One of the last ways HVAC systems create comfort is by circulating the air in a given space. When the
air stops moving, it can become stale and unpleasant. These systems maintain constant air movement,
which keeps air fresh.

VENTILATION
 Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature or
remove any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon
dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with the outside
as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for
maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may
be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types
[Link] LOAD ESTIMATIONS -:

Sensible heat factors -:

[Link] - internal sensible load

 According to ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
conditioning Engineers ) occupancy heat gain of people who are doing light
work and seated is 250 Btu/Hr.
total sensible heat = [Link] people X sensible heat gain by 4 persons
Q1 = 4 X 250

Q1 = 1000 Btu/Hr

[Link] heat from light source

 lighting also emits some heat through radiations . so, it is also one of the factor
to be considered to calculate heat load .
 Excluding lighting usage factors and allowences we assume CLF = 1

Q = 3.41 X [Link] lights X CLF Btu/Hr

Q2 = 3.41 X 40 X 5 X 1 = 682 Btu/hr

[Link] heat from equipments

 fans -:

The motors present in the fans are the main source of heat emission . we are
assuming the power of fan is exactly equal to the heat emitted.

Q = [Link] fans X power of fan

Q3 = 2 X 0.1 kw = 0.2 Kw

Q3 = 682.4284 Btu/Hr

 CPU -:

CPU is also an electronic devise which produces heat . we are also

considering the power of cpu .

Q = [Link] cpu' s X power of cpu

Q3 = 2 X 100 watts

Q3 = 682.484 Btu/Hr

 Lights

light is also an electronic device which produces heat . we are also

considering the power of lights.

Q = [Link] lights X power of lights

Q4 = 5 X 40 watts

Q4 = 136.485 Btu/Hr

 Phone

phone is also having some radiations in itself . it is also emits considerable

amount of heat.

Q = [Link] phones X power of phone

Q 5 = 6 (avg) X 1 watts
Q5 = 20.472849798 Btu/Hr
 4. Sensible heat

 Solar sensible heat is the heat conducted through the walls of the room from the
surroundings.

The dimensions of Post office are 13.2 X 4.74 X 3 m (L x W x H)

Temp Temp
2 2
Wall Area(m ) U(W/m K) in(0C) out(0C) Q(W) Q(Btu/Hr)
1 13.2 x 4.74 = 0.36 16 26 142.56 486.4349112
39.6
2 13.2 x 4.74 = 0.36 16 30 199.584 681.00887568
39.6
3 4.74 x 3 = 0.36 16 30 71.66 244.51406942
14.22
4 4.74 x 3 = 0.36 16 28 61.43 209.607
14.22

 FOR FLOOR

 P/A ratio = 2( l + b ) /( l X b ) = 0.57

U = 0.26 ( by using U value calculator )

ASSUMPTIONS -:

 floor type - : ground floor

 floor sub type -: solid concrete - insulation below slab
 insulation thickness -: 45mm

Q 7 = UA∆T
= 0.57 X 13.2 X 4.79 X (26-16)
=356.63Watts
=1216.87Bt/Hr
 FOR ROOF

 U = 0.27 (by using U value calculator)

ASSUMPTIONS -:
 Roof type -: warm flat roofing
 water proofing -: partially bonded built-up felt
 Deck Type -: concrete deck with no ceiling
 insulation thickness -: 85mm

Q8 = U A ∆T

= 0.27 x 62.568 x (30-16)

= 236.507Watts

=806.99 Btu/Hr

 FOR WINDOWS

 Assume U = 1.13 (single gazing)

 CLTD = 11.25
 A = 0.60962 (24 inches) = 0.371612m2

Q9 = U A ∆T
=1.13 x 0.3716x11.25
=4.7239Kw = 16118.617Btu/Hr

COOLING LOAD = ∑Q = Qi(i=o to 9) + Qwalls = 26379.9288 Btw/Hr

By involving safety factor of 1.3

TOTAL COOLING LOAD = safety factor X sensible heat
= 1.3 x 26379.9288
= 34293.896 Btw/Hr
 Hence Cooling Load = 2.85 tons
[Link] of HVAC system

Understanding the parts of your HVAC system can help you maintain it properly, and learning about your heater
and air conditioner makes finding and fixing problems easier. That way, you can prevent inconvenient,
expensive breakdowns, keep your system working at peak efficiency, and make sure your Bluffton, South
Carolina, home stays comfortable. Some of the most important parts of your HVAC system are your heat
exchanger, blower motor, combustion chamber, condenser, evaporator, and thermostat

3.1 Centrifugal fan -:

Centrifugal fans use the kinetic energy of the impellers to increase the volume of the air stream, which in
turn moves against the resistance caused by ducts, dampers and other components. Centrifugal
fans displace air radially, changing the direction (typically by 90°) of the airflow.

hence, the fan that can blow the air at velocity of 4m/sec is to be considered.

3.2 Compressor -:

An air conditioner compressor is the component in the system that raises the temperature and pressure of
the vapour refrigerant that leaves the evaporator coil. ... It's important that the compressor increase the
temperature so that it can finish removing the heat from inside the home to the condenser.

therefore, the compressor that can compress 2651.48 CFM of air is to be chosen.

3.3 Filters -:

for this experiment dry filters can be chosen , because the condition space is free from all dust & dirt.

Dry filters -:

They separate dust, pollen and bacteria by using fabrics of woven cotton, wool, felt, cellulose or fiber
glass. The filter is supported in wire or angle frame located in return air path. Fiber glass media is less
expensive and very widely used. Confined to smaller systems. Sizes - 450 x 450, 500 x 500, 600 x 600,
etc Airflow required is up to 5-metre cube per second. Permanent dry type • Efficiency 95%. Materials
— fabrics processed from plastics or brush type. • Serviced by washing or by compressed air or vacuum
cleaning.
[Link] of Duct systems

Ductwork, ducts, or ducting, are conduits, or tubes, that typically form part of a ventilation system, used
to convey air throughout a building. Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air,
and exhaust air. Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air.

Considerations-:

air change rate × room volume × occupancy

Ventilation rate(ft3/min) = 60

6 ×6628.704 ×4
= 60

=2651.48 CFM

Based on Velocity method

[Link] suitable velocities for main and branch ducts.

[Link] the diameters for circular and aspect ratio for non-circular ducts.

HW=1:1.5

Q = a× 𝑣 × 𝑤 × ℎ × 4 = 1120cfm (0.52858m3/sec)

By solving

h= √0.52858/1.5𝑋9 = 0.1978~ 197 mm

h= 197mm

W= 2Xh = 394 mm.

[Link] velocities and duct dimensions in previous, finding frictional drop for main and branch

∆h=0.109136 × (q1.9)/de5.02

where

Δh = friction or head loss (inches water gauge/100 ft of duct)

de = equivalent duct diameter (inches)

q = air volume flow - (cfm - cubic feet per minute)

by using online air duct friction loss calculator

friction loss in (h2o) = 0.0323

frictional loss(in h2o/100ft) = 0.123

air velocity (ft/min) = 1306

air velocity (ft/sec) = 21.8

5. Estimation of prize:-

[Link]. Components of HVAC Estimated Price(Rs.)

1 Compressor 7,000/-

2 Filters 3000/-

3 Fan or Blower(2HP) 7,000/-

4 Heat exchanger 21,000/-

5 Evaporator 5,000/-

6 G.I Sheet(22m2) 265x22=5830/-

7 Labor and Miscellaneous Cost 5,000/-

TOTAL Rs.53,830/-