Grid Computing
Grid Computing
Grid computing is a distributed computing model where multiple
computers, often geographically dispersed, collaborate to solve complex
problems by pooling their resources and processing power, effectively
creating a virtual supercomputer
Introduction
• Grid computing is a processor architecture
that combines the computer resources from
multiple locations (various domains) to reach a
main Objective.
• The Objective is to share a computing power
and data storage capacity over the internet.
How Grid Computing works
What is Grid Computing?
“Allows sharing and coordinated use of diverse
resources in dynamic, distributed “virtual
organizations”
Grid is Distributed and Dynamic
What is Grid?
• Distributed: Grid computing is distributed
form of networking that focus on
communications among devices.
What is Grid?
• Dynamic: Efficiently utilize wasted cycles,
forming working cycles.
The World Grid areas
• Business Areas
• Government Organization
• Financial Organization
• Teachers and educators (E learning)
• Social scientists
Why Grid computing
Why Grid Computing?
• Resource sharing: Global sharing is the essence of grid
computing.
• Secure access:
To ensure secure access, grid developers and users need to
manage three important things:
Access policy - What is shared? Who is allowed to share?
When can sharing occur?
Authentication - How do you identify a user or resource?
Authorization - How do you determine whether a certain
operation is consistent with the rules?
Why Grid Computing(cont..)
• Resource use: Efficient, balanced use of computing
resources
• The death of distance: Distance should make no
difference
• Open standards: Standardization also encourages industry
to invest in developing commercial grid services and
infrastructure.
Grid Architecture
Grid Architecture
Fundamental components of a grid's Architecture:
• The Hardware:
A grid depends on underlying hardware like computers and
networks.
• The Middleware:
Middleware is the "glue" that makes grid computing possible.
Middleware is conceptually "in the middle" of operating
systems software (like Windows or Linux) and applications
software (like a weather forecasting programme).
Working of Layers
• Network Layer: The lowest layer is the network, which connects grid
resources.
• Resource Layer: Above the network layer lies the resource layer:
actual grid resources, such as computers, storage systems, electronic
data catalogues, sensors and telescopes that are connected to the
network.
• The middleware layer connect front end with back end.
• Application: The highest layer of the structure is the application layer,
which includes applications in science, engineering, business, finance
and more, as well as portals and development toolkits to support the
applications. This is the layer that grid users "see" and interact with.
Layers..
Fabric Layer:
This is the foundational layer, comprising the resources available in the grid,
such as computational resources, storage systems, and network resources.
Connectivity Layer:
This layer provides the core communication and authentication protocols
required for grid-specific network transactions, ensuring secure
communication and authentication.
Resource Layer:
This layer builds upon the connectivity layer to implement protocols that enable
the use and sharing of individual resources, such as the Grid Resource Access
and Management protocol (GRAMP) for resource allocation and monitoring.
Collective Layer:
This layer provides protocols for interacting across collections of resources, such
as the Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP).
Application Layer:
This is the highest layer, where user applications and services reside,
interacting with the grid resources through the lower layers.
Types of Grid Computing?
● Computational grid: A computational grid is a collection of high-
performance processors. It enables researchers to utilize the combined
computing capacity of the machines. Researchers employ
computational grid computing to complete resource-intensive activities
like mathematical calculations.
● Scavenging grid: Similar to computational grids, CPU scavenging
grids have a large number of conventional computers. Scavenging
refers to the process of searching for available computing resources in a
network of normal computers.
● Data grid: A data grid is a grid computing network that connects
multiple computers together to enable huge amounts of data storage.
Types of Grid Computing?
● Computational grid
● Scavenging grid
● Data grid
Pros and cons of grid
computing
Advantages
• Can solve larger, more complex problems in a
shorter time
• Easier to collaborate with other organizations
• Resource Balancing.
• Flexible, Secure, Coordinated resource sharing.
• Give worldwide access to a network of
distributed resources.
Disadvantages
• Need for interoperability when different
groups want to share resources.
• But how do I develop robust, secure, long
lived, well performing applications for
dynamic, heterogeneous Grids?
