MATHEMATICS
TOPIC -
MENSURATION
NAME :-PRASHANT
PRAJAPATI
[Link] SECOND
YEAR
LIST OF THE FIGURE
PLANE FIGURE 3D FIGURE
1. SQUARE 1. CUBE
2. RECTANGLE 2. CUBOID
3. TRAPEZIUM 3. CYLINDER
4. CIRCLE 4. SPHERE
5. PARALLELOGRAM 5. CONE
PLANE FIGURE (2D
FIGURES)
2D FIGURES :- 2D shapes are shapes with two
dimensions, such as width and
height. An example of a 2D
shape is a rectangle or a circle.
2D shapes are flat and cannot
1. SQUARE be physically held, because they
2. RECTANGLEhave no depth; a 2D shape is
3. TRAPEZIUMcompletely flat.
4. CIRCLE
5. PARALLELOGRAM
SQUARE
Square, in geometry, a plane figure
with four equal sides and four right
(90°) angles. a
Area of the square=
axa a a
Perimeter of
a= (side)
square= 4 x a
a
RECTANGLE
A rectangle is a 2D shape in geometry, having 4 sides and 4
corners. Its two sides meet at right angles. Thus, a
rectangle has 4 angles, each measuring 90 ̊. The opposite
sides of a rectangle have the same lengths and are
parallel. Two sides are said to be parallel, when the
distance between them remains the same at all points.
Area of a rectangle = Length
× Width
Perimeter of a rectangle = Length + Width
+ Length + Width
= 2 length
+ 2Width
Diagonal of a Rectangle :- = 2 (length
A rectangle has two diagonals, that bisects each other.
+ Width)
Both the diagonals are equal in length.
D=√L2+
W2
TRAPEZIUM
A trapezium is a quadrilateral having two parallel sides of
unequal length and the other two sides are non-parallel. The
parallel sides of a trapezium are called bases and the non-
parallel sides of a trapezium are called legs. It is also called a
trapezoid.
Area of Trapezium = 1\2 x (sum of parallel side) x (Distance
between
Perimeter parallel side)
of trapezium ABCD = AB +
BC + CD + AD.
CIRCLE
A circle is a round shaped figure that has no corners or
edges.
In geometry, a circle can be defined as a closed, two-
dimensional curved shape.
Diameter = 2×Radius
Area =
πr 2
Circumference = 2πr
PARALLELOGRAM
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
sides. The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in
length, and the opposite angles are equal in measure. Also, the
interior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary. Sum of all the interior angles equals 360
degrees.
Area = Base × Height
Perimeter = 2 (a+b) units
3D FIGURES
3D FIGURES are solids that consist of 3 dimensions - length,
breadth (width), and height. 3D in the word 3D shapes means
three-dimensional. Every 3D geometric shape occupies some space
based on its dimensions and we can see many 3D shapes all
around us in our day-to-day life. Some examples of 3D shapes
are cube, cuboid, cone, and cylinder.
1. CUBE
2. CUBOID,
3. CYLINDER
4. SPHERE
5. CONE
CUBE
a Cube is a solid three-dimensional
figure, which has 6 square faces, 8
vertices and 12 edges. It is also said to
be a regular hexahedron.
Surface Area of Cube = 6a2 in a square units a
Volume of cube = a3 cubic
units surface area (excluding a
Lateral
the top and bottom faces) = 4 ×
Area of one face
LSA = 4a2
Length of Diagonal of Cube
If a is the length of the side, then,
Length of Diagonal of Face of the Cube
= √2 a
Length of Diagonal of Cube = √3 a
CUBOID
a cuboid is a solid shape or a three-dimensional shape. A
convex polyhedron that is bounded by six rectangular faces
with eight vertices and twelve edges is called a cuboid. A
cuboid is also called a rectangular prism.
Measure Formula
Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2(lb + bh + hl) [Link]
Lateral Surface Area (LSA) 2h(l + b)
Total Surface
Volume (V) =Area
(l × (TSA) 2(lb units
b × h) cubic + bh + hl)
Volume lbh
Diagonal = √(l + b + h ) units
2 2 2
Diagonal √(l2 + b2 + h2)
Perimeter (P) = 4(l + b + h) units
Perimeter 4(l + b + h)
CYLINDER
A cylinder is a three-dimensional solid that holds two parallel bases
joined by a curved surface, at a fixed distance. These bases are normally
circular in shape (like a circle) and the center of the two bases are
joined by a line segment, which is called the axis. The perpendicular
distance between the bases is the height, “h” and the distance from the
axis to the outer surface is the radius “r” of the cylinder.
Volume of the Cylinder, V = πr2h
cubic units
Total surface area, A = 2πr(r+h)
square units
Curved Surface Area = 2πrh square
SPHERE
The sphere is a geometrical figure that is round in
shape. The sphere is defined in a three-dimensional
space. The sphere is three dimensional solid, that
has surface area and volume. Just like a circle,
each point of the sphere is at an equal distance
from the center.
MEASURE FORMULA
D = 2r, where r is the
Diameter of sphere
radius
Surface area of sphere SA = 4πr2 Square units
Volume of sphere V = 4/3 πr3 Cubic Units
CONE
A cone is a three-dimensional shape in geometry that narrows smoothly
from a flat base (usually circular base) to a point(which forms an axis
to the centre of base) called the apex or vertex. We can also define the
cone as a pyramid which has a circular cross-section, unlike pyramid
which has a triangular cross-section. These cones are also stated as a
circular cone.
Area = πr(l + r)
Volume(V) = ⅓ πr2h cubic units
Slant Height, l = √(r2+h2)
The total surface area of the
cone = πrl + πr2
Thank You !
