DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi - 590018

Accredited by NBA, National Assessment & Accreditation Council
(NAAC) with ‘A’ grade

TOPIC: STUDY OF RECEIVING STATION

Presented By
ARJUN H J
1DS18EE010

Under the Guidance of

SHRUTI R G
Assistant Professor
Dept of E&E Engg.
DSCE, Bengaluru
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bengaluru-560078 (2021-22)
BUSBARS
1. SINGLE BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENT:
• This is the simplest arrangement consisting of a single set of bus-bars for the
full length of the switchboard and to this set of bus-bars are connected all the
generators, transformers and feeders, as illustrated by single line diagram.
• Each generator and feeder is controlled by a circuit breaker. The isolators
permit isolation of generators, feeders and circuit breakers from the bus-bars
for maintenance. The chief advantages of such a bus-bar arrangement are low
initial cost, less maintenance and simple operation.
• Such bus-bar arrangement is employed for switchboards, small and medium
sized substations, small power stations and dc stations.
2. SINGLE BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENT WITH
BUS SECTIONALIZATION:
• The bus-bar may be sectionalized by a circuit breaker and isolating switches so
that a fault on one part does not cause a complete shutdown. In large
generating stations, where several units are installed, it is a common practice to
sectionalize the bus as illustrated in Fig.
• Normally the number of sections of a bus-bar are 2 to 3 in a substation, but
actually it is limited by the short-circuit current to be handled. In a sectionalized
bus-bar arrangement only one additional circuit breaker is required which does
not cost much in comparison to the total cost of the bus-bar system .

• Such an arrangement provides main advantages over simple

single bus-bar arrangement:
• Firstly, in the event of occurrence of fault on any section of the bus-bar,
the faulty section can be isolated without affecting the supply of other
section or sections.
 3. MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS
ARRANGEMENT:
• This arrangement has been quite frequently adopted where the loads and
continuity of supply justify additional costs. This arrangement provides
additional flexibility, continuity of supply and allows periodic maintenance
without total shutdown. Such an arrangement is suitable for highly
interconnected power network in which flexibility is very important.
• Each generator and feeder may be con­nected to either bus-bar with the help of
bus coupler which con­sists of a circuit breaker and isolating switches. In this
arrange­ment a bus coupler is usually used so that change-over from one bus-
bar to the other can be carried out under load condi­tions. While transferring
the load to the reserve bus, the follow­ing steps may be taken.
• The advantages and disadvantages of the arrangement are gives
below:
• Advantages:
• i. It ensures continuity of supply in case of bus fault. In the event of occurrence
of fault on one of the bus, the entire load can be transferred to the other bus.
• ii. Repair and maintenance can be carried out on the main bus without
interrupting the supply as the entire load can be transferred to the auxiliary
bus.
• iii. Each load can be supplied from either bus.
• vi. The maintenance cost of substation is lowered.
• vii. The bus potential can be used for relays.
• Disadvantages:
• i. Additional costs.
• ii. The bus is maintained or expanded by transferring all of the circuits to the
auxiliary bus depending upon the remote backup relays and breakers for
4. DOUBLE BUS DOUBLE BREAKER
ARRANGEMENT:
• In very important power stations two circuit breakers are employed for each circuit, as
illustrated in Fig. Such a bus-bar arrangement does not require any bus-coupler and
permits switch-over from one bus to the other whenever desired, without interruption.
This bus arrangement is very costly and its maintenance cost is also high.
• This arrangement provides maximum flexibility and reliability as the faults and
maintenance interrupt the supply to the minimum. A circuit breaker can be opened for
repairs and usual checks and the load can be shifted on the other circuit breaker easily.
But because of its higher cost, this arrangement is seldom used at the substations.
• For 400 kV switchyards two main buses plus one transfer bus scheme is preferred.
The transfer bus is used for transferring power from main bus 1 to main bus 2 and
vice versa.
5. SECTIONALIZED DOUBLE BUS
ARRANGEMENT:
• In this arrangement duplicate bus-bars are used with the main bus-bar in sections connected
through a bus-coupler, as illustrated in Fig. In this arrangement, any section of bus-bar can
be isolated for maintenance, while any section may be synchronized with any other through
the auxiliary bus-bar. Sectionalization of auxiliary bus-bar is not required and would
increase the cost if done.
6. ONE-AND-A-HALF BREAKER ARRANGEMENT:
• This is an improvement over double bus double breaker arrangement and it
affects saving in the number of circuit breakers. This arrangement needs
three circuit breakers for two circuits. The number of circuit breakers per
circuit comes out to be 1½ hence the name. This arrangement is preferred in
important large stations where power handled per circuit is large.
• This arrangement is shown in Fig. This arrangement provides high security
against loss of supply as a fault in a bus or in a breaker will not interrupt the
supply. Possibility of addition of circuits to the system is another advantage.
The bus potential can be used as supply to relays, however, at the time of bus
fault such potential to the relay should be thrown off.
• The maintenance cost is higher.
• The above arrangement has been used in important 400 kV and 750 kV
substations.
7. RING MAIN ARRANGEMENT:
• This is an extension of the sectionalized bus-bar arrangement where the ends
of the bus­bars are returned upon themselves to form a ring, as illustrated in
Fig. This arrangement provides greater flexibility as each feeder is supplied
by two paths, so that the failure of a section does not cause any interruption
of the supply. The effect of fault in one section is localized to that section
alone.
• The drawbacks of the system are:
• (i) Difficulties in addition of any new circuit in the ring,
• (ii) Possibility of overloading of the circuits on opening of any section of the
breaker, and
• (iii) Necessity of supplying potential to relays separately to each of the
circuit.
8. MESH ARRANGEMENT:
• This is another arrangement making economical use of circuit breakers in a
substation. In this bus-bar arrangement, the circuit breakers are installed in
the mesh formed by the buses, as illustrated in Fig. The circuits are tapped
from the node points of the mesh. In Fig eight circuits are controlled by four
circuit breakers.
• When fault occurs on any section, two circuit breakers have to open,
resulting in opening of the mesh. This arrangement provides security against
bus-bar faults but lacks switching facility. It needs fewer circuit breakers than
that required by one-and-a-half breaker arrangement. It is preferred for
substations having large number of circuits.
THANK YOU