UTH COURSE PACKET GE4

COURSE PACKET
GENERAL ENGLISH 4

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1. ASSESSMENT METHODS
Assessment Component Weight

Process Assessment (70%)

1. Attendance & Active Participation 10%

2. Mini Tests (MCQ: vocabulary, grammar, integrated skills) 20%

3. Midterm: Group Presentation/ Debate 20%

4. Creative Mini Projects (video interview, podcast, 30%

infographic, persuasive poster)

5. Reflective Learning Journal (short weekly entries, written or 20%

audio)

Subtotal Process 100% of Process

End-of-Course Assessment (30%)

1. Final Test (Integrated 4 Skills – Listening, Reading, 67%

Vocabulary/Grammar, Academic Essay Writing)

2. Authentic Culminating Task (Mini TED Talk / Panel Talk 33%

Show / Debate Battle)

Subtotal End-of-Course 100% of End-of-

Course

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2. COURSE SYLLABUS
Week Session Topic
1 Session 1 Unit 1a: Shopping Psychology – Grammar: Conditionals, Vocabulary:
(In-Class) Participial Adjectives
Session 2 Unit 1a: Shopping Psychology – Grammar Review,
(In-Class) Vocabulary Practice
Session 3 Unit 1a: Shopping Psychology – Listening: "A Look at Consumer
(In-Class) Behavior", Video: "The Secret of Shopping", Speaking: Tag Questions
Session 4 Seminar Topic: “Can We Outsmart Our Shopping Habits?”
(E-learning)
2 Session 5 Unit 1b: Social Relationships – Reading 1: "What Are They Thinking?",
(In-Class) Writing: Making Comparisons & Body Paragraphs
Session 6 Unit 1b: Social Relationships – Reading 2: "Gender in the Wild", Writing:
(In-Class) Write Body Paragraphs
Session 7 Unit 1b: Social Relationships – Vocabulary Extension: Compound Nouns,
(In-Class) Pre-
Session 8 Seminar Topic: “How Do Social Relationships Shape the Way We Think
(E-learning) and Behave?”

3 Session 9 Unit 2a: It’s in My DNA – Grammar: Use of "Say, Tell, Talk”, Vocabulary:
(In-Class) Word Parts
Session 10 Unit 2a: It’s in My DNA – Grammar Review, Vocabulary Practice
(In-Class)
Session 11 Unit 2a: It’s in My DNA – Listening: "Is Personality Determined at Birth?",
(In-Class) Video: "Science 101: Genetics", Speaking: Express Degrees of Certainty
Session 12 Seminar Topic: “Are We Born to Be Who We Are?”

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(E-learning)

4 Session 13 Unit 2b: Science and Investigation – Reading 1:

(In-Class) "Tech Detectives", Writing: Paraphrasing & Summary Writing
Session 14 Unit 2b: Science and Investigation – Reading 2: "Face to Face with the
(In-Class) Past", Writing: Summarizing Technology’s Impact
Session 15 Unit 2b: Science and Investigation – Vocabulary Extension: -ist, Adjectives
(In-Class) from Nouns (-al, -ial)
Session 16 Seminar Topic: “Can We Trust What Technology Shows Us?”
(E-learning)
5 Session 17 Unit 3a: On the Move – Grammar: Adjective
(In-Class) Clauses, Vocabulary: Context Clues
Session 18 Unit 3a: On the Move – Grammar Review, Vocabulary Practice
(In-Class)
Session 19 Unit 3a: On the Move – Listening: "Human Migration", Video: "What Ellis
(In-Class) Island Means Today", Speaking: Refer to Numbers,
Acknowledge Opinions
Session 20 Seminar Topic: “From Roots to Routes: How Mobility Shapes Who We
(E-learning) Are”

6 Session 21 Unit 3b: City Solutions – Reading 1: "Living on an Urban Planet", Writing:
(In-Class) Introductory & Concluding Paragraphs
Session 22 Unit 3b: City Solutions – Reading 2: "A City Up
(In-Class) Against the Wall", Writing: Problem-Solution Essay
Session 23 Unit 3b: City Solutions – Vocabulary Extension: Expressions with Income,
(In-Class) Compound Adjectives
Session 24 Seminar Topic: “Can Cities Really Solve the Problems They Create?”
(E-learning)
7 Session 25 Midterm Exam – Speaking Test
(In-Class)

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Session 26 Midterm Exam – Speaking Test

(In-Class)
8 Session 27 Unit 4a: People and the Planet – Grammar:
(In-Class) Passive Voice, Vocabulary: Online Resources
Session 28 Unit 4a: People and the Planet – Grammar Review, Vocabulary Practice
(In-Class)
Session 29 Unit 4a: People and the Planet – Listening: "A Unique Landscape", Video:
(In-Class) "I Am Red", Speaking:
Express Agreement, Stress Patterns
Session 30 Seminar Topic: “Can the Internet Save the Planet—or Is It Making Things
(E-learning) Worse?”

9 Session 31 Unit 4b: Danger Zones – Reading 1: "Sensing

(In-Class) Disaster", Writing: Parallel Structures and Process Essay
Session 32 Unit 4b: Danger Zones – Reading 2: "Yellowstone’s Smoking Bomb",
(In-Class) Writing: Prepare for a natural hazard
Session 33 Unit 4b: Danger Zones – Vocabulary Extension: Adjectives and Nouns
(In-Class) ending in -ive; Guessing the Meaning of a Word from Its Parts
Session 34 Seminar Topic: “Disasters Go Viral: How Social Media Shapes Survival”
(E-learning)
10 Session 35 Unit 5a: Rise to the Top – Grammar: Indirect
(In-Class) Questions, Vocabulary: Suffixes
Session 36 Unit 5a: Rise to the Top – Grammar Review,
(In-Class) Vocabulary Practice
Session 37 Unit 5a: Rise to the Top – Listening: "A Business Leader I Admire",
(In-Class) Video: "That Perfect First Job",
Speaking: Recognize Bias, Pay Attention to Body Language, and Use
Indirect Questions
Session 38 Seminar Topic: “Who Do We Really Call a Leader Today?”
(E-learning)

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11 Session 39 Unit 5b: The Travel Business – Reading 1: "The New Face of Tourism",
(In-Class) Writing: Writing a Cause-Effect Essay
Session 40 Unit 5b: The Travel Business – Reading 2:
(In-Class) "Geotourism in Action", Writing: Write paragraphs on tourism effects
Session 41 Unit 5b: The Travel Business – Vocabulary Extension: Adjectives/Nouns
(In-Class) ending in -ive
Session 42 Final Review – Review Grammar, Vocabulary, Listening & Reading
(E-learning)
12 Session 43 Final Review – Review Grammar, Vocabulary, Listening & Reading
(In-Class)
Session 44 Final Exam – Listening, Writing, Reading
(In-Class)

Session 45 Final Exam – Speaking

(In-Class)

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3. GRAMMAR BANK
Grammar Focus:
1. 1a-Conditionals
2. 2a-Use of "Say, Tell, Talk”
3. 3a-Adjective Clauses
4. 4a-Passive Voice
5. 5a- Indirect Questions
Uses:

1. 1a-Conditionals

What Are Conditionals?

Conditionals are used to talk about:
 Real or possible situations

 Imaginary or hypothetical situations

 Past situations and their possible outcomes

They usually have two parts:

 If-clause (condition)

 Main clause (result)

1. Zero Conditional – General truths and facts

Use: Things that are always true when the condition is met.

Structure:
If + present simple, present simple
Examples:

 If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

 If people don’t drink water, they get dehydrated.

2. First Conditional – Real future possibility

Use: Things that are likely to happen in the future.

Structure:
If + present simple, will + base verb

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Examples:

 If it rains, we will stay home.

 If you study, you will pass the test.

3. Second Conditional – Unreal or imaginary present/future

Use: Hypothetical situations that are unlikely or impossible.

Structure:
If + past simple, would + base verb

Examples:

 If I had wings, I would fly to Paris.

 If she won the lottery, she would buy a house.

4. Third Conditional – Imaginary past

Use: Talking about something that didn’t happen and imagining a different result.

Structure:
If + had + past participle, would have + past participle
Examples:

 If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.

 If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.

5. Mixed Conditionals – Combining time frames

Use: Past condition with present result (or vice versa).
Structure Example:
If + had + past participle, would + base verb

Example:

 If I had slept well last night, I would feel better now.

2. 2a-Use of "Say, Tell, Talk”

1. Say

Use:
 Focuses on the words spoken.

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 We usually don’t mention the listener directly.

 Often followed by what was said.

Structure:
 say + something

 say + (that) + clause

 say + to + someone (less common)

Examples:
 She said hello.

 He said that he was tired.

 What did you say to her?

Use “say” when the message is more important than the person you're speaking to.

2. Tell

Use:
 Focuses on giving information or instructions.

 We must mention the listener (who is being told).

 Often followed by what or that.

Structure:
 tell + someone + something

 tell + someone + (that) + clause

Examples:
 She told me a story.

 I told him to be quiet.

 Can you tell us your name?

Use “tell” when the listener is important and you're giving information to someone.

3. Talk

Use:

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 Focuses on the act of speaking or having a conversation.

 Often used for longer or informal communication.

 Usually followed by to or with someone.

Structure:
 talk + to/with + someone

 talk + about + something

Examples:
 I talked to my friend yesterday.

 Let’s talk about your plans.

 She talks with her parents every weekend.

Use “talk” when describing a conversation or discussion.

3. 3a-Adjective Clauses

What Is an Adjective Clause?

An adjective clause is a group of words that describes a noun. It gives extra information about
the noun and usually begins with a relative pronoun like:

 who (for people)

 which (for things)

 that (for people or things)

 whose (shows possession)

 where (for places)

 when (for time)

Structure
Noun + adjective clause

Examples:

 The teacher who helped me was very kind.

 I saw a movie that made me cry.

 She lives in a house which has a red door.

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Common Relative Pronouns and Their Uses

Relative Pronoun Refers To Examples

who people The boy who won is my cousin.

which things The book which I read was exciting.

that people/things The dog that barked is mine.

whose possession The girl whose phone rang is my friend.

where places The café where we met is closed.

when time The day when we arrived was rainy.

4. 4a-Passive Voice

What Is Passive Voice?

In passive voice, the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, not the person or thing
doing it.

Active vs Passive

Active Voice Passive Voice

The chef cooked the meal. The meal was cooked by the chef.

Structure of Passive Voice

Passive Voice Formula:

Subject + form of “be” + past participle (+ by + agent)
Examples:

 The homework was completed by the student.

 The window was broken last night.

 English is spoken in many countries.

When Do We Use Passive Voice?

 When the doer is unknown:

→ The wallet was stolen.

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 When the doer is not important:

→ The road is cleaned every morning.

 When we want to emphasize the action or result:

→ A new school was built in the village.

Passive Voice in Different Tenses

Tense Active Passive

Present Simple They clean the room. The room is cleaned.

Past Simple He wrote a letter. A letter was written.

Future Simple She will bake a cake. A cake will be baked.

Present Perfect They have finished the project. The project has been finished.

Modal Verbs You should close the door. The door should be closed.

5. 5a- Indirect Questions

 What Are Indirect Questions?
An indirect question is a more polite or formal way of asking something. Instead of asking
directly, we embed the question inside a statement or another question.

 Structure of Indirect Questions

Indirect Question Formula:
Introductory phrase + question word + subject + verb
No question word order (don’t invert subject and verb)
No question mark unless the whole sentence is a question

Direct vs Indirect Comparison

Direct Question Indirect Question

Where is she? Can you tell me where she is?

What time does it start? Do you know what time it starts?

Did he call you? I wonder if he called you.

Common Introductory Phrases

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 Can you tell me…

 Do you know…

 I wonder…

 I’d like to know…

 Could you explain…

Examples

With question words:

 Direct: What does she want?

Indirect: Can you tell me what she wants?

 Direct: Why did they leave?

Indirect: I’d like to know why they left.

With yes/no questions (use if or whether):

 Direct: Is he coming?

Indirect: Do you know if he is coming?

 Direct: Did she finish the work?

Indirect: I wonder whether she finished the work.

Video Lesson Links:

1. 1a-Conditionals:
[Link]
2. 2a-Use of "Say, Tell, Talk”:
[Link]
3. 3a-Adjective Clauses:
[Link]
4. 4a-Passive Voice:
[Link]
5. 5a- Indirect Questions
[Link]

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VOCABULARY BANK
1. 1a- Vocabulary: Participial Adjectives
2. 1b- Vocabulary Extension: Compound Nouns, Pre-
3. 2a- Vocabulary: Word Parts
4. 2b- Vocabulary Extension: -ist, Adjectives from Nouns (-al, -ial)
5. 3a- Vocabulary: Context Clues
6. 3b- Vocabulary Extension: Expressions with Income, Compound Adjectives
7. 4a- Vocabulary: Online Resources
8. 4b- Vocabulary Extension: Adjectives and Nouns ending in -ive; Guessing the
Meaning of a Word from Its Parts
9. 5a- Vocabulary: Suffixes
10. 5b-Vocabulary Extension: Adjectives/Nouns ending in -ive

Wordlist
1. Shopping trends /ˈʃɒ.pɪŋ trɛndz/ – Popular ways people shop over time

2. Have an effect on /hæv ən əˈfɛkt ɒn/ – To change or influence something

3. Assume /əˈsjuːm/ – To believe something without proof

4. Purchase /ˈpɜː.tʃəs/ – To buy something

5. Bargain /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/ – A good deal or low price

6. React to /riˈækt tuː/ – To respond to something

7. Commercial space /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl speɪs/ – Area used for business

8. On the ground level /ɒn ðə ɡraʊnd ˈlɛv.əl/ – On the first floor

9. Aware /əˈweə/ – Knowing about something

10. Debt /dɛt/ – Money owed to someone

11. Estimate /ˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ – A guess about amount or value

12. Concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ – Worried or interested

13. Productive /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/ – Getting a lot done

14. Substitute /ˈsʌ[Link]ɪ.tjuːt/ – A replacement

15. Shortage /ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒ/ – Not enough of something

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16. Treat /triːt/ – To behave toward or care for someone

17. Approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ – A way of doing something

18. Consequence /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/ – A result of an action

19. Calculate /ˈkæ[Link]ʊ.leɪt/ – To do math to find an answer

20. Separate /ˈsɛp.ər.eɪt/ – To divide or keep apart

21. Fingerprint /ˈfɪŋ.ɡə.prɪnt/ – The unique pattern on your finger

22. Adapt to /əˈdæpt tuː/ – To change to fit a new situation

23. Personality traits /ˌpɜː.səˈnæl.ə.ti treɪts/ – Qualities that show who someone is

24. Be cautious with /bi ˈkɔː.ʃəs wɪð/ – To be careful with something

25. Identical /aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.kəl/ – Exactly the same

26. Circumstance /ˈsɜː.kə[Link]æns/ – A situation or condition

27. Be exposed to /bi ɪkˈspəʊzd tuː/ – To come into contact with something

28. Determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ – To find out or decide

29. Examine /ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/ – To look at closely

30. Decade /ˈdɛk.eɪd/ – Ten years

31. Manual worker /ˈmæ[Link].əl ˈwɜː.kər/ – Someone who does physical work

32. Carpenter /ˈkɑː.pən.tər/ – A person who builds with wood

33. Interpersonal skills /ˌɪn.təˈpɜː.sən.əl skɪlz/ – Ability to work well with others

34. Mispronounce /ˌmɪ[Link]əˈnaʊns/ – To say a word incorrectly

35. Automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ – Works by itself

36. Touch /tʌtʃ/ – To feel something with your hand

37. Psychiatrist /saɪˈkaɪə.trɪst/ – A doctor for mental health

38. Genetics /dʒəˈnɛ.tɪks/ – Study of inherited traits

39. Biography /baɪˈɒɡ.rə.fi/ – A story of someone’s life

40. Citizen /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən/ – A person who belongs to a country

41. Category /ˈkæt.ə.ɡə.ri/ – A group of similar things

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42. Conflict /ˈkɒ[Link]ɪkt/ – A fight or disagreement

43. Illustrate /ˈɪl.ə.streɪt/ – To show or explain with examples

44. Migration /maɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ – Moving from one place to another

45. Natural disaster /ˈnætʃ.rəl dɪˈzɑː.stər/ – A terrible event caused by nature

46. Poverty /ˈpɒ.və.ti/ – Being very poor

47. Settle /ˈsɛt.əl/ – To live in a place

48. Economy /ɪˈkɒ.nə.mi/ – The system of money and jobs

49. Ancestor /ˈæ[Link].tər/ – A family member from long ago

50. Descendant /dɪˈsɛn.dənt/ – A person from a later generation

51. Agriculture /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/ – Farming and growing food

52. Come up with /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ – To think of an idea

53. Ignore /ɪɡˈnɔːr/ – To not pay attention to something

54. Potential /pəˈtɛn.ʃəl/ – Possibility to become something

55. Refer to /rɪˈfɜː tuː/ – To talk about or mention

56. Appropriate /əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/ – Suitable or right

57. Canyon /ˈkæn.jən/ – A deep valley with steep sides

58. Collapse /kəˈlæps/ – To fall down suddenly

59. Dramatic scenery /drəˈmæt.ɪk ˈsiː.nər.i/ – Very beautiful or exciting nature views

60. Erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/ – Wearing away of land

61. Eventually /ɪˈvɛn.tʃu.ə.li/ – After a while; in the end

62. Injury /ˈɪn.dʒər.i/ – Harm to the body

63. Geologist /dʒiˈɒ.lə.dʒɪst/ – A scientist who studies Earth

64. Layer /ˈleɪ.ər/ – A level or sheet of something

65. Be under pressure /bi ˈʌn.dər ˈprɛʃ.ər/ – Feeling stress or demands

66. Surface /ˈsɜː.fɪs/ – The top part of something

67. Analysis /əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/ – A detailed study

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68. Apparently /əˈpær.ə[Link]/ – It seems like something is true

69. Balance /ˈbæl.əns/ – A state of being equal or stable

70. Compromise /ˈkɒ[Link]ə.maɪz/ – A middle solution

71. Consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/ – An expert who gives advice

72. Alternative /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/ – A different option

73. Equal /ˈiː.kwəl/ – The same in amount or value

74. Preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ – To keep something safe

75. Thoughtful /ˈθɔːt.fəl/ – Showing care or deep thinking

76. Promote /prəˈməʊt/ – To support or encourage

78. Strengthen /ˈstrɛŋ.θən/ – To make something stronger

79. Criticize /ˈkrɪ.tɪ.saɪz/ – To say what’s wrong with something

80. Casual manner /ˈkæʒ.ju.əl ˈmæn.ər/ – Relaxed or informal way of behaving

81. Energize /ˈɛn.ə.dʒaɪz/ – To give energy or excitement

82. Beautify /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/ – To make something look nicer

83. Classify /ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/ – To group things by type

84. Jealous /ˈdʒɛl.əs/ – Feeling upset because someone has something you want

85. Enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ – Very big

86. Modernize /ˈmɒ.dən.aɪz/ – To make something more modern

87. Qualify /ˈkwɒ.lɪ.faɪ/ – To meet the requirements for something

88. Reputation /ˌrɛp.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ – What people think about someone or something

89. Specialize /ˈspɛʃ.ə.laɪz/ – To focus on one area of work or study

90. Entire /ɪnˈtaɪər/ – Whole; complete

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READING SECTION_WORDLIST
1. Nonhuman species — /ˌnɑnˈhjuːmən ˈspiːʃiz/
Animals or living things that are not human
2. Bond — /bɑnd/
A strong connection or relationship
3. Interact with — /ˌɪntəˈrækt wɪð/
To talk or do things with someone or something
4. Lever — /ˈlɛvər/
A bar used to lift or move something
5. Physical — /ˈfɪzɪkəl/
Related to the body or touch
6. Cognitive — /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/
Related to thinking and understanding
7. Recognition — /ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/
Knowing or remembering something or someone
8. Creature — /ˈkriːtʃər/
Any living being, especially animals
9. Grief — /ɡriːf/
Deep sadness, especially after losing someone
10. Intense — /ɪnˈtɛns/
Very strong or extreme
11. Controversial — /ˌkɑntrəˈvɜrʃəl/
Causing disagreement or debate
12. Tree trunk — /tri trʌŋk/
The thick main part of a tree
13. Reveal — /rɪˈvil/
To show or make something known
14. Cuttlefish — /ˈkʌtəlˌfɪʃ/
A sea animal like a squid
15. Primate — /ˈpraɪˌmeɪt/
A group of animals including monkeys and humans
16. Orca whale — /ˈɔrkə weɪl/
A large black-and-white sea animal, also called a killer whale
17. Consciousness — /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
Awareness of thoughts and surroundings
18. Anecdotally — /ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəli/
Based on personal stories, not facts
19. Inner — /ˈɪnər/
Inside or deep within

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20. Domesticate — /dəˈmɛstɪˌkeɪt/

To train animals to live with people
21. Pod — /pɑd/
A group of sea animals like whales or dolphins
22. Intuition — /ˌɪntuˈɪʃən/
Knowing something without needing proof or facts
23. Neuroscientist — /ˈnʊroʊˌsaɪəntɪst/
A scientist who studies the brain and nerves
24. Trap — /træp/
A device or trick to catch something
25. Empathy — /ˈɛmpəθi/
Understanding and sharing someone’s feelings
26. Beluga — /bəˈluɡə/
A white whale found in cold seas
27. Baboon — /bəˈbun/
A large monkey with a long face
28. Wildebeest — /ˈwɪldəˌbist/
A large African animal like a cow
29. Egret — /ˈiɡrət/
A white bird with long legs and neck
30. Mossy frog — /ˈmɔsi frɔɡ/
A frog that looks like moss to hide
31. Tadpole — /ˈtædˌpoʊl/
A baby frog that lives in water
32. Evolve — /ɪˈvɑlv/
To slowly change over time
33. Herd — /hɜrd/
A group of animals like cows or elephants
34. Resemble — /rɪˈzɛmbəl/
To look or act like something else
35. Sheer joy — /ʃɪr ʤɔɪ/
Pure and strong happiness
36. Extended family — /ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈfæməli/
Relatives beyond parents and children, like cousins
37. Coyotes — /kaɪˈoʊtiz/
Wild animals like small wolves, found in North America
38. Discipline — /ˈdɪsəplən/
Training to follow rules or control behavior
39. Fur — /fɜr/
Thick hair covering animals

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40. Geladas — /ʤəˈlɑːdəz/

A type of monkey found in Ethiopia
41. Matriarchal family — /ˌmeɪtriˈɑrkəl ˈfæməli/
A family led by the oldest or most powerful female
42. Long-lasting — /ˈlɔŋ ˌlæstɪŋ/
Staying strong or continuing for a long time
43. Social hierarchy — /ˈsoʊʃəl ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki/
A ranking system in a group based on status or power
44. Mediator — /ˈmiːdiˌeɪtər/
A person who helps solve a conflict between others
45. Scarce — /skɛrs/
Hard to find; not enough of something
46. Offspring — /ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ/
Children or babies of animals or people
47. Graze — /ɡreɪz/
To eat grass in a field
48. Bachelor males — /ˈbætʃələr meɪlz/
Adult males without a mate or family group
49. Primatologist — /ˌpraɪməˈtɑlədʒɪst/
A scientist who studies monkeys and apes
50. Gender-driven toy preferences — /ˈʤɛndər ˈdrɪvən/
Choices in toys based on being male or female
51. Vervet — /ˈvɜrvɪt/
A small monkey found in Africa
52. Rhesus — /ˈriːsəs/
A type of monkey often used in scientific research
53. Truck — /trʌk/
A large vehicle used to carry goods
54. Mimic — /ˈmɪmɪk/
To copy someone’s actions or speech
55. Caretaking behavior — /ˈkɛrˌteɪkɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər/
Actions that show care for others, especially young or sick ones
56. Fingerprint — /ˈfɪŋɡərˌprɪnt/
A mark made by the ridges on a finger, used to identify people
57. Crime scene — /kraɪm siːn/
The place where a crime happened
58. Identity — /aɪˈdɛntəti/
Who someone is
59. Suspect — /ˈsʌspɛkt/
A person who may have done something wrong

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60. Commit — /kəˈmɪt/

To do something wrong or illegal
61. Accurate — /ˈækjərət/
Correct and exact
62. Hijacker — /ˈhaɪˌʤækər/
A person who takes control of a vehicle by force
63. Parachutes — /ˈpærəˌʃuːts/
Cloth devices used to slow a fall from the sky
64. Ink-black night — /ɪŋk blæk naɪt/
A very dark night
65. Be capable of — /bi ˈkeɪpəbəl ʌv/
Able to do something
66. Pure titanium — /pjʊr taɪˈteɪniəm/
A strong, silver-colored metal with no mix of other materials
67. Pager — /ˈpeɪʤər/
A small device that receives messages
68. Forensic — /fəˈrɛnzɪk/
Related to solving crimes using science
69. Palo verde tree — /ˈpæloʊ ˈvɜrdi triː/
A tree with green bark found in desert areas
70. Seed pods — /siːd pɑdz/
Cases that hold seeds in plants
71. Geneticist — /ʤəˈnɛtəsɪst/
A scientist who studies genes and heredity
72. Collide — /kəˈlaɪd/
To crash into something
73. Contradict — /ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt/
To say the opposite of something
74. Convict — /ˈkɑnvɪkt/
A person found guilty of a crime
75. Leech — /liːʧ/
A small animal that sucks blood
76. Make an advance — /meɪk æn ədˈvæns/
To try to get closer or make progress, often romantically
77. Delicate — /ˈdɛləkət/
Easily broken or needing careful handling
78. Specialize — /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
To focus on one area of work or study
79. Trace — /treɪs/
A small sign or mark left behind

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80. Archaeologist — /ˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒɪst/

A person who studies old objects and ruins from the past
81. Skull — /skʌl/
The bone structure of the head
82. Sculptor — /ˈskʌlptər/
An artist who makes shapes or figures from stone or clay
83. Flesh — /flɛʃ/
The soft part of the body under the skin
84. Silicone — /ˈsɪlɪˌkoʊn/
A soft, rubbery material used in molds and medical items
85. Plaster — /ˈplæstər/
A soft material that hardens and is used for casts or walls
86. Erase — /ɪˈreɪs/
To remove or wipe out something
87. Portrait — /ˈpɔrtrɪt/
A picture or painting of a person’s face
88. Suburb — /ˈsʌbɜrb/
A town or area just outside a city
89. Urban — /ˈɜrbən/
Related to cities or city life
90. Productive — /prəˈdʌktɪv/
Getting a lot done; useful or efficient
91. Peak hour — /piːk ˈaʊər/
The busiest time of day, especially for traffic
92. Spread out — /sprɛd aʊt/
Not close together; covering a wide area
93. Dense — /dɛns/
Crowded or packed closely together
94. Inescapable — /ˌɪnəˈskeɪpəbəl/
Impossible to avoid or get away from
95. Widespread — /ˈwaɪdˌsprɛd/
Found or happening in many places
96. Slum — /slʌm/
A poor, crowded area in a city
97. Sewer — /ˈsuːər/
Underground pipes that carry dirty water and waste
98. Gas emission — /ɡæs ɪˈmɪʃən/
Release of gas, often from cars or factories
99. Inevitable — /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbəl/
Sure to happen; unavoidable

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100. Infrastructure — /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃər/

Basic systems like roads, water, and power in a city
101. Urban sprawl — /ˈɜrbən sprɔl/
The spread of city buildings into the countryside
102. Reserve — /rɪˈzɜrv/
A protected area for nature or animals
103. Barrier — /ˈbæriər/
Something that blocks or stops movement
104. Canal — /kəˈnæl/
A man-made waterway for boats or water flow
105. Fierce — /fɪrs/
Very strong or aggressive
106. Separate — /ˈsɛpəˌreɪt/
To divide or keep apart
107. Partially — /ˈpɑrʃəli/
Not completely; only in part
108. Temporarily — /ˌtɛmpəˈrɛrəli/
For a short time only
109. Occasional — /əˈkeɪʒənəl/
Happening sometimes but not often
110. Disastrous — /dɪˈzæstrəs/
Causing great harm or damage
111. High tide — /haɪ taɪd/
When the sea level is at its highest point
112. Lagoon — /ləˈɡun/
A small body of water separated from the sea
113. Colossal — /kəˈlɑsəl/
Extremely large
114. Acqua alta — /ˈɑkwə ˈɑltə/
A flood caused by high tide in Venice, Italy
115. Vanish — /ˈvænɪʃ/
To disappear suddenly
116. Co-own — /koʊ oʊn/
To share ownership with someone else
117. Desperate — /ˈdɛsprət/
Feeling hopeless or needing something badly
118. Mechanical dam — /məˈkænɪkəl dæm/
A machine-built barrier to control water flow
119. Hollow — /ˈhɑloʊ/
Empty inside

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120. Pump out — /pʌmp aʊt/

To remove liquid using a pump
121. Tunnel — /ˈtʌnəl/
A passage under the ground or water
122. Massive destruction — /ˈmæsɪv dɪˈstrʌkʃən/
Huge damage or ruin
123. Hazard — /ˈhæzərd/
Something dangerous or risky
124. Strike — /straɪk/
A sudden hit or attack
125. Alert — /əˈlɜrt/
A warning or quick notice of danger
126. Affordable — /əˈfɔrdəbəl/
Not too expensive; reasonably priced
127. Severe — /səˈvɪr/
Very serious or extreme
128. Horde — /hɔrd/
A large crowd or group, often wild or uncontrolled
129. Motion-triggered — /ˈmoʊʃən ˈtrɪɡərd/
Activated by movement
130. Magnitude — /ˈmæɡnəˌtud/
Size or strength, especially of an earthquake
131. Subside — /səbˈsaɪd/
To become less strong or intense
132. Sighting — /ˈsaɪtɪŋ/
A brief view or appearance of something
133. Restlessness — /ˈrɛstləsnəs/
The feeling of being unable to stay still or calm
134. Rodent — /ˈroʊdənt/
A small animal like a mouse or rat
135. Subtle — /ˈsʌtəl/
Not obvious; hard to notice
136. Geolocator — /ˈʤiːoʊˌloʊkeɪtər/
A device that tracks location using GPS
137. Warbler — /ˈwɔrbələr/
A small songbird
138. Infrasound — /ˈɪnfrəˌsaʊnd/
Sound waves too low for humans to hear
139. Ecologist — /ɪˈkɑlədʒɪst/
A scientist who studies nature and ecosystems

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140. Eruption — /ɪˈrʌpʃən/

A sudden explosion or release, especially from a volcano
141. Accumulate — /əˈkjuːmjəˌleɪt/
To gather or collect over time
142. Explode — /ɪkˈsploʊd/
To burst with force and noise
143. Pressure — /ˈprɛʃər/
Force applied to something; stress
144. Crack — /kræk/
A break or split in something
145. Vast — /væst/
Very large in size or amount
146. Entire — /ɛnˈtaɪər/
Whole; complete
147. Volcano — /vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ/
A mountain that can erupt with lava and gas
148. Exceptionally — /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli/
Very unusually or extremely
149. Extinction — /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
The dying out of a species or group
150. Magma — /ˈmæɡnə/
Hot liquid rock under Earth’s surface
151. Caldera — /kælˈdɛrə/
A large crater formed after a volcano erupts and collapses
152. Preserve — /prɪˈzɜrv/
To protect something and keep it in good condition
153. Sustainable — /səˈsteɪnəbəl/
Able to continue without harming the environment or future
154. Distinctive — /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
Clearly different and easy to recognize
155. Pandemic — /pænˈdɛmɪk/
A disease that spreads across many countries
156. Halt — /hɔlt/
To stop or pause something
157. Post-pandemic — /poʊst pænˈdɛmɪk/
After a pandemic has ended
158. Core strategy — /kɔr ˈstrætəʤi/
The main plan used to reach a goal
159. Craftspeople — /ˈkræftsˌpiːpəl/
Skilled workers who make things by hand

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160. Niche — /niʃ/

A small, special area or market
161. Heritage — /ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ/
Traditions or culture passed down from the past
162. Aesthetic — /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/
Related to beauty or how something looks
163. Objective — /əbˈʤɛktɪv/
A goal or purpose
164. Ecological — /ˌɛkəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
Related to nature and the environment
165. Vital — /ˈvaɪtəl/
Very important or necessary
166. Spiritual — /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/
Related to the soul, beliefs, or inner life
167. Enrich — /ɛnˈrɪʧ/
To improve or add value to something
168. Well-being — /ˈwɛlˌbiɪŋ/
A state of being healthy, happy, and comfortable
169. Mass tourism — /mæs ˈtʊrɪzəm/
Large numbers of people visiting the same place

WRITING BANK
Writing Topics: Midterm Test
Unit 1:

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Language for writing: Making Comparisons

Writing Skill: Writing Body Paragraphs
Goal: Write two body paragraphs comparing animal and human behavior
Writing Task: (Sample Test)
Topic: Think about someone you know. What are the similarities and differences in their
social behaviors compared to yours?
Practice:
 Topic 1: Compare morning and evening in your daily life.
What do you usually do at each time? How do you feel during those parts of the day?
 Topic 2: Compare two places you’ve visited.
What did you see, hear, or do in each place? Which one did you enjoy more, and why?
Unit 2:
Language for writing: Paraphrasing
Writing Skill: Writing a summary
Goal: Write two summaries on how technology can solve crimes
Writing Task: (Sample Test)
Unit 3:
Language for writing: Using the Simple Past and the Present Perfect
Writing Skill: Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
Goal: Write a problem-solution essay about how a city or town solved a problem it faced.
Writing Tasks: (Sample Test)
 Topic 1: Describe a problem with young people using social media. Explain one thing
that can be done to solve it.
 Topic 2: Describe the problem with more and more people moving to cities. Explain
something that can be done to help the issue.
Practice:
 Topic 1: Describe a problem with students not getting enough sleep.
Explain one thing that can be done to help them sleep better.
 Topic 2: Describe a problem with littering in your community.
Explain one thing that can be done to reduce it.
 Topic 3: Describe a problem with people spending too much time on their phones.
Explain one thing that can be done to encourage healthier habits.
Writing Topics: Final Test
Unit 4:
Language for writing: Using Parallel structures
Writing Skill: Writing a Process Essay
Goal: Write a process essay about how people can prepare for a natural hazard
Writing Tasks: (Sample Test)
Discuss your own experiences with one of these two topics.
 Topic 1: Choose one type of extreme weather event. Describe the things that happen
during this weather event.
 Topic 2: An extreme weather event you’ve heard about on TV or the news. Describe
what happened.
Unit 5:
Language for writing: Using If…, (then)…
Writing Skill: Writing a Cause-Effect Essay

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Goal: Write a cause-effect essay about how the positive or negative effects of tourism on a
place
Writing Tasks: (Sample Test)
 Topic 1: What are the positive or negative effects of tourists visiting where you live?
 Topic 2: What are the positive and negative effects of using a plane to travel?
Practice
 Topic 1: What are the positive and negative effects of eating fast food?
Think about convenience and taste, but also health and long-term habits.
 Topic 2: What are the positive and negative effects of watching television?
Explore how TV can entertain and educate, but also how it might impact physical activity or
screen time.

SPEAKING BANK

TOPICS FOR GROUP PRESENTATION

Unit 1:
- Smart Shopping Tips for Students
- Online vs. Offline Shopping: Pros and Cons
Unit 2:
- Personality Traits for a Successful leader
Unit 3:
- Causes and Consequences of Brain Drain
TOPICS FOR FINAL SPEAKING TEST
1. Describe a spending habit that you would like to change
You should say
 What this spending habit is
 How often you do it
 Why you want to change
 And explain how you plan to change.
2. Describe your personality that fits your future job
You should say
 What your future job is
 Which personality trait of yours is suitable
 How you have developed this personality
 And explain why it will help you succeed in that career
3. Describe a city where you want to migrate
You should say
 Which city it is
 Where it is located
 Why you want to migrate there
 What challenges you might face living there

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4. Describe a landscape you want to visit

You should say
 Where it is
 What it looks like
 Why you want to visit it
 How you would feel if you visited
5. Describe a leader you admire
You should say
 Who the leader is
 What qualities he/she has
 What this person has achieved
 Why you admire him/her
CRITICAL THINKING VIDEO
Record a 2 – minute video of yourself answering the question below. In your
video, introduce the topic, state your opinion, give 2–3 supporting reasons with
examples, and conclude briefly. Speak naturally and clearly.
[Link] we really control our shopping habits — or are we always being
influenced?
2. To what extent is our identity shaped by our DNA versus our environment?
3. How does mobility redefine who we are in the 21st century?
4. Is the internet an ally or an enemy in the fight against climate change?
5. What makes someone a real leader for our generation?

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