Ventajas, desventajas y normas de aplicación de recubrimientos orgánicos…

Images of organic coatings, structure and types....

Tipos de Recubrimientos, Ventajas y Desventajas

Transcription of Types of Coatings, Advantages and Disadvantages

Coatings that form durable films with good resistance to water and to
general chemicals. They require a previously prepared surface with blasting
abrasivo, Este tipo de recubrimientos tiende a no ser considerado en la industria debido
a su altocontenido de VOC.

Thermoplastic Resins.
Tipos de recubrimientos, Ventajas y Limitaciones.
Quick drying and repainting.
Buena resistencia química general.
Good in immersion with water.
Good retention of shine.
Easy to repaint and repair.
Advantages.
Alto Contenido de VOC.
Poor resistance to solvents.
Low film formation capacity.
Occasionally poor adhesion.
High requirement in surface preparation.

Limitaciones.
JET Associated Products.
They are thermoplastic coatings that contain additives in their composition.
inert materials to reinforce the film, this type of coating can be
applied in cold and hot. They have outstanding water resistance but
they cannot be exposed to UV rays.

Bituminous Thermoplastic Coatings.

Low cost.
Easy to apply, paint, and repair.
Buena resistencia al agua.
 Good film training.
Low surface preparation requirements.

Ventajas.
High VOC content
Poor resistance to solvents.
Poor weather resistance.
Toxic
Limitaciones.
Not applicable.

JET Associated Products.

Based on latex resins derived from acrylic acid and can be modified in
many ways to produce various desirable products for steel substrates, steel
galvanized, aluminum, concrete, masonry, and wood. It has a wide range of brightness.
with outstanding color retention. At a minimum, they require a preparation of
SSPC-SP6 surface and the formulations have very low VOC content.
Recubrimientos acrílicos base agua.
Ambientalmente aceptable.
Easy to apply, repaint, and repair.
Secado veloz para repintado.
Reduced solvent smell.
Excellent flexibility.
Low Cost.
High safety (reduced flammability).

Organic Coatings.
Los recubrimientos orgánicos son polímeros y resinas producidas en forma natural o
synthetic, generally formulated to be applied as liquids that dry or
they harden like thin surface films on substrate materials, an example
these coatings are the paints

Paintings, from a technical-economic point of view, constitute the most

suitable for the protection of the materials used in construction and in the
industry. A liquid paint, considered from a physicochemical point of view, is a
dispersed system. It is generally composed of finely particulate solids and
dispersados en un medio fluido denominado vehículo. Este último está basado en una
binding substance, also called film-former, provided in a solvent
to which additives and eventually plasticizers are added. It is appropriate
mencionar que algunas pinturas líquidas están exentas de solventes ya que el propio
film-forming material is liquid (low molecular weight). The pigments are
disperse in that highly viscous fluid medium. The liquid paints free of
solvents are applied with special spatulas on surfaces that remain in
contacto con productos alimenticios dado que no eliminan solventes contaminantes. La
the formation of the film exclusively involves curing reactions between the two
system components.

Propiedades generales de una película de pintura.

The protective paints must show tolerance to preparation defects.

surface, ease of application by various methods, suitability for drying
adequate and fast in different environments, complement the demands in service and
easy repair of the damaged areas. Taking into account the economic aspects and
ecological ones that are fundamental.

The main characteristics of protective paints are:

Good water resistance and low absorption. This property is related to

the amount of water that is absorbed by the film, under conditions of
equilibrium, in the intermolecular spaces of the polymer but very
particularly in all the interfaces present in the system, pores,
discontinuities.
Resistance to the transfer of water vapor. This phenomenon is particularly
important in cases where the substrate is metallic in nature. It refers to the
pasaje de agua en forma molecular a través de la película seca que se comporta
like a permeable membrane. This characteristic fundamentally depends
from the nature of the film-forming material, it is important to relate
the smaller transfer to water vapor with a greater anti-corrosive capacity.
Resistance to the passage of ions. The membrane must act as a barrier for
control the diffusional processes leading to the penetration of chloride ions,
sulfate, carbonate, etc. that initiate or accelerate the kinetics of the processes
corrosivos.
Resistencia a la intemperie. Esta propiedad se manifiesta, luego de prolongada
exposición al medio ambiente, por una buena retención de propiedades
decorativas y protectoras.
Abrasion resistance. Paint films in general, but very
particularly the industrial ones, are applied to areas exposed to processes
abrasives generated by equipment displacement, tools, transport,
etc. These processes can even occur in humid conditions, which
conspira fuertemente para generar una reducción de la resistencia a la abrasión.

Classification of paintings:
Paintings can be classified considering different inherent aspects of the
composition, relevant properties, ways of use.

Convencionales. Generalmente estas pinturas tienen un perfil reológico que indica

a low viscosity at reduced shear rates, which implies among other things
things to risks of pigment sedimentation in the container, good kinetics of
 penetration in absorbent substrates, ease of leveling and reduced
espesores críticos de película para el fenómeno de escurrimiento. Paralelamente,
these paints generally also exhibit low viscosity at intermediate speeds
de corte; esto último significa que presentan facilidad para el bombeo, pero también
una evidente tendencia a salpicar durante la aplicación.

Regarding viscosity at high shear rates, it is appropriate

mention that it is generally suitable, which makes the applicability
satisfactory by any of the usual methods in paintings, providing
espesores de película seca que varían desde 20/25 μmcon pincel y rodillo hasta
12/15 μm with torches, in this latter case prior dilution.

Thixotropic. These paints are characterized by their high viscosity at reduced

velocidades de corte, lo que lo evita la sedimentación del pigmento en el envase y el
flow in wet film thicknesses lower than the high critical value.
Simultáneamente presentan lentitud para la absorción en sustratos porosos y una
leveling ease that depends on the viscosity recovery kinetics
after the disturbance (application) has ended. On the other hand, in general these
paints also exhibit adequate viscosity at intermediate shear rates,
that is to say they exhibit ease of pumping and satisfactory splash resistance
during the application. Regarding the viscosity at high shear rates,
It is worth mentioning that it is generally adequate through
sopletes sin aire comprimido (tipo “airless”); esta característica la imparten aditivos
rheological, those that allow achieving 120/150 μm per layer of dry film with
acceptable leveling capacity.

Movie Shine

El brillo es una impresión sensorial causada por la reflexión de la luz sobre una superficie.
The most common method to compare the brightness of painted surfaces is visual.
generalmente contrastando con paneles estandarizados de brillo decreciente; sin
embargo, observaciones realizadas por otra persona pueden conducir a conclusiones
muy diferentes. En consecuencia, se emplean dispositivos llamados usualmente
“glossmeters”, que miden fotoeléctricamente la intensidad de un rayo de luz reflejado
por la superficie en examen, en condiciones tales que el ángulo de medida es siempre
similar to that of incidence. Brightness is a particularly important property in paints.
for exterior finishes (glossy films are generally required for
facilitate cleaning and increase the intensity of the reflected light) as well as for
interiors (products are usually specified with low sheen or matte finishes to avoid
the discomfort caused by the reflection of concatenated rays of light in the eyes.

Applications of coating systems:

Selection of the base metal: a corrosion-resistant material is chosen in the

condiciones en la que va ser utilizado. Por esto se usan aceros inoxidables o materiales
ceramics.
Surface preparation.

Cleaning: Metal parts usually have marks from handling and

machining, marks or residues derived from its transformation, is also likely
that present dust or a layer of oil as a measure of protection against corrosion,
(drill) and even a natural oxide film; especially if they have been stored for
long time. All these impurities must be removed from the piece before applying
any coating. If a tiny residue of grease, rust, or
impurities under the coating, the protective properties of paints and
coatings would definitely be seriously affected.

In general, all pretreatments, for any type of coating (paints and

galvanizados), incluyen una etapa inicial de limpieza (desengrase y desoxidación) con el
finish preparing the material for the application of the final film. Specifically, for
painting processes, depending on the piece and its use, treatment with is also customary
phosphating products, which chemically react with the metal and form a
surface cover that helps to secure the layers of the coating and to protect from
corrosion at the base if there is a rupture of the paint coating.

Currently, the industry and competition demand compliance with standards.

internacionales, establecidas por la Asociación Americana de Ingenieros de la Corrosión
NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, American standard), BS 4232
(British Standards Institution, British standard), SIS 055900 (Swedish Standards)
Institution, Swedish standard) and SSPC (Steel Structures Painting Council, standard
estadounidense).

Both international institutions and national regulations distinguish

clearly two basic groups of surface pre-treatments: The treatments
mechanics and chemists

Mechanical treatments: These are the different types of cleanings that are performed with
abrasive media that aim to remove the top layer of the metal along with any
suciedad. Los diferentes procesos consisten en el cepillado, pulido o lijado mecánico del
sustrato, mediante pulidoras, discos, gratas y lijas o, bien, mediante la proyección a gran
velocidad de material abrasivo (arena de sílice, granallas, perlas de vidrio, cascarilla),
on the surface of the piece.

Roughness Profile.
El buen manejo y la elección adecuada del pretratamiento mecánico, no sólo beneficia
la resistencia a la corrosión de la pintura sino que también crea una rugosidad superficial
suitable for the adhesion of the film as it improves the anchoring strength, increasing
the contact surface. This is the case of the grit, which in addition to removing the
surface impurities, penetrates the metal superficially and generates micropores that
facilitan la adherencia mecánica de recubrimiento.
This roughness is known as the surface profile. The depth of the
The micropores of that profile vary according to the use that will be given to the piece and the factors.
ambientales a soportar, por ello también se utiliza uno u otro tratamiento mecánico. Es
very important to achieve the depth of the profile and the correct thickness of the layer of
producto para garantizar el excelente comportamiento de los recubrimientos.

Coating manufacturers include relevant information in their products

about the minimum anchor profile in microns (μm), recommended for the substrate to
protect. In the graph, the bad profile does not have the correct depth for the film
it adheres mechanically to the piece. The correct profile does present a roughness
sufficient, while the latter shows a layer of insufficient paint that does not
it reaches to cover the highest peaks of the surface, so there is a risk that in these
áreas se presente corrosión.

Rules:
Algunas de las normas que deben tener en cuenta la empresa y el pintor en el momento
of applying the coating are:

Having enough knowledge about the risks, application methods and

necessary precautions of the product to be used. Each product is
accompanied by a technical sheet that must be reviewed.
Ensure proper training regarding knowledge of risks and the
ways to avoid them related to the manipulation and application of
coating.
Provide personal protective equipment and supervise hygiene and the
correct procedures in the area of application.
Working in well-ventilated areas, it is important to consider the installation.
de sistemas de extracción localizadas, fijos o portátiles.
Avoid all sources of ignition.
Restrict access to the area and place signs related to safety regulations.
as well as those of no smoking.
It is essential to wash your hands very well after finishing work.
Avoid cleaning skin stained with paint. Always wear a suit and gloves.
to avoid contact with the coating.

Muchos de los riesgos dependen de la naturaleza de la pintura.

Las pinturas base agua son poco tóxicas, sin embargo pueden contener sustancias que
they cause sensitization on the skin. Solvent-based paints must consider others
types of devices and procedures to safeguard the health of the applicators and
users.

Protection Respiratory: Masks y filters para powders.

Disposable mask with exhalation valve: NTC 3853 (protection level)
N 95% - NIOSH. Z-88
Gas and vapor respirator: NTC 1584, NTC 1728, NTC 1733. Z-81
 Eye Protection: Polycarbonate goggles that protect against
splashes. Direct/indirect ventilation monogoggles: NTC 1825, NTC 1826
ANSI Z87.1 visor for adapting to helmet: NTC 3610, ANSI Z.87.1
Gloves: To avoid irritations and dermatitis, in case of using base paints.
oil it is important to use gloves resistant to chemical attack from the
solvents.
Rubber gloves: NTC 1726 Z.81. Nitrile coated gloves. 388:2003 Z.81
Rubber Boots: NTC 2396, NTC 2257, ANSI.Z41 and Z.195
Outfit: It is recommended to wear a polypropylene raincoat type overall, also in
materials like drill to protect all exposed skin parts, in case
It is recommended to use an anti-static suit made of polypropylene when using oil-based paint.
Overall type with hood. Overall in Tivek. ANSI/SEA 101–1985, Z.86.

Bibliografía:

Billmeyer F, Polymeric Coatings. Autonomous University of Coahuila

2004.
Denny, A, [Link] and prevention of corrosión. USA 1996.
Jose Luddey Marulanda,Fundamentos de la corrosión. Colombia 2006.
Besendnjak, Composite Materials. Spain 2009.
Callister W. D, Introducción a la ciencia e ingeniería de los materiales. España
2002.
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