PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

STEM STRAND RESEARCH? RESEARCH

STEM: is an educational approach aimed at providing -to find again, to discover again, to look again for
students with the ability to communicate in an inter certain facts
disciplinary way, to do team work, to think creatively, to
RESEARCH
research, to produce and to solve problems, focusing on
- derived from the Middle French “recherche”, which
the integration of knowledge and skills of science,
means “to go about seeking”
technology, mathematics and engineering
- the term itself being derived from the Old French term
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH “recerchier” a compound word from “re-” + “cerchier”,
IN THE FIELD OF STEM STRAND? or “sercher”, meaning 'search'
- the purpose of quantitative research is to attain - The earliest recorded use of the term was in 1577.
greater knowledge and understanding of the social
RESEARCH ANALYSIS
world.
- is the process of combining the results of multiple
- researchers use quantitative methods to observe
primary research studies aimed at testing the same
situations or events that affect people.
conceptual hypothesis.
- practical Research 2 aims to provide students with
- it may be applied to either quantitative or qualitative
knowledge regarding the key concepts and different
research.
strategies and methods in performing quantitative
- its general goals are to make the findings from
research
multiple different studies more generalizable and
- it also explains the stages that students should go
applicable
through to successfully conduct quantitative studies.
- research activity as an educational practice provides >>> QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (NUMERICAL)
senior high students with an opportunity not only to - produces objective data that can be clearly
understand how the research process can contribute to - communicated through statistics and numbers
the advancement of knowledge but also to enhance (numbers & graphs)
their research skills and active learning. - is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions.
- this type of research can be used to
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
establish generalizable facts about a topic
IN THE FIELD OF STEM STRAND?
- the outcome of quantitative research methods is quite
# CONTENT STANDARD reliable, as respondents of the research face “closed
- the STEM students will be able to deepen their ended question”
knowledge and skills in constructing research paper in a - there are fewer chances of getting vague information
quantitative nature. or wrong information from the respondents.

# PERFORMANCE STANDARD STRUCTURED RESEARCH METHODS

- the STEM Students will be able to construct the whole - structural research methods like questionnaires, polls,
chapters and defend their works and most importantly and surveys are used to conduct quantitative research.
to relate their field of specialization in Practical - in-depth information about the preferences of the
Research 2. audience can be drawn using these structured research
methods.
The ability to develop a good research topic is an
important skill. >>> QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- is expressed in words.
SEARCH
- it is used to understand concepts, thoughts or
-to find or to seek information that can help you to
experiences.
answer different questions about an idea that is not
- this type of research enables you to gather in-depth
proven or answered yet
insights on topics that are not well understood.
IN A NUTSHELL, Quantitative and Qualitative Research your research paper.
use different research methods to collect and analyze - is without doubt the part of a paper that is read the
data, and they allow you to answer different kinds of most, and it is usually read first.
research questions.
WORKING TITLE
/// QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION /// - should be developed early in the research process
- it can help anchor the focus of the study in much the
@ SURVEYS
same way the research problem does.
- list of closed or multiple choice questions that is
distributed to a sample (online, in person, or over the // GUIDELINES IN CONSTRUCTING WORKING TITLE //
phone).
$ Make sure your title is between 5-15 substantives
@ EXPERIMENTS
words in length
- situation in which variables are controlled and
$ You must include the variables in the working or
manipulated to establish cause-and-effect
running title
relationships.
@ OBSERVATIONS @ Dependent Variable (Being affected)
- observing subjects in a natural environment where @ Independent Variables (The one who affects)
variables can’t be controlled. @ Extraneous Variables (The one who control)
/// QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION /// $ The working/running title must be comprehensive
enough through your readers
@ INTERVIEWS
$ Identify who will be your participants. The
- asking open-ended questions verbally to respondents.
working/running title must align to their level of
@ FOCUS GROUPS
understanding
- discussion among a group of people about a topic to
$ Be conscious of the word/s you write in your title
gather opinions that can be used for further research.
(comparative, descriptive, constructive)
@ ETHNOGRAPHY
- participating in a community or organization for an ^^^ VARIABLES IN RESEARCH ^^^
extended period of time to closely observe culture and
behavior. A variable in research simply refers to a person, place,
@ LITERATURE REVIEW thing or phenomenon that you are trying to measure
- survey of published works by other authors. in some way. The best way to understand the
difference between a dependent and independent
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE variable is that the meaning of each is implied but what
Focuses on testing Focuses on exploring the words tell us about the variable you are using
theories and hypotheses ideas and formulating a
theory or hypothesis # INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Analyzed though math Mainly expressed in - the variable researcher changes
and statistical analysis words # DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Mainly expressed in Analyzed by - variable affected by the change in independent
numbers, graphs, and summarizing, variable
tables categorizing and # EXTRANEOUS/CONTROLLED VARIABLE
interpreting - everything you want to remain constant and
Requires many Requires few unchanging
respondents respondents
Closed (multiples choice) Open-ended questions BRAINSTORMING
questions - is a group creativity technique by which efforts are
made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by
TITLE gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by
- summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. its members.
- a good title contains the fewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents and/or purpose of
 /// INQUIRY VS RESEARCH /// $ MAJOR QUESTIONS/ GENERAL (1 question)
- sub and follow up questions (2-3)
INQUIRY
- interrogative the working title
- helps develop higher order information literacy and
critical thinking skills. $ MINOR QUESTIONS/ NARROW DOWN
- finding answers to question (minimum 5, maximum of 8)
- sub and follow up questions
RESEARCH
- specific and detailed
- is an acquisition of new knowledge through a
purposive, organized and design program of activities. WHAT IS THE PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
(IF NEEDED)
a. age
CHAPTER 1 b. gender
c. grade level
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY d. average grade
- background chapter 1 is to give an overview
- it is the foundation of the research SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- first, spend time getting background knowledge about -significance of the study includes the people or group
the problem that triggered off your research topic to of people involve in the study.
discover its relation to what the world, particularly the - these are the people who will benefits your study.
experts, professionals, and learned people know about (Explain each person why is it significant to your study)
your topic. 3 sentences each
- also, reading for rich background ideas about the
# Students
problem is also another way to discover some theories
# Siena College Quezon City
or principles to support your study.
# Teachers
(Braun 2014; Woodwell 2014)
# Future Researchers
- background insights about the study
- his part will give your reader about the background of SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS (DEFENDS MECHANISM)
your topic. - this is the boundary of the content of your research
- this part also introduces the main concern of your - this part manages to control the appearance of the
topic, it can also discuss the main problem in the ambiguity
research. - this part is really important so that the researchers will
- include at least 5 Related literatures and studies (2 not be able to be confuse about the content of their
Local, 2 Foreign and 1 Theory) this literature can give study
the readers a background of the existence of your topic.
The panelist asks the scope that are not part of your
- take note the first sentence of your study has two
scope: Good afternoon, with all due respect. I think your
purposes:
question is not part of our scope, your questions are the
>> Get the interest of the Readers opposite of what we are studying here.
>> State the research topic
CONCEPTUAL OT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
FIRST SENTENCE
FRAMEWORK
- captures the reader’s attention right away.
- it is the basic structure of something, a set of ideas or
- it is dramatic, presents the topic instantly, and shows
facts that provide support for something
the author’s personal connection to the topic.
RESEARCH PARADIGM
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- is a model or pattern for something that may be
- backbone of the research
copied.
-research questions are the inquiries that the research
- it is also the explanation and interpretation of
project focuses on
conceptual and theoretical frameworks.
- includes the question that the study needs to answer
all throughout the study A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK can stand alone
DEFINITION OF TERMS - as a writer, you will use information from several
-define the terms using the variables sources to create new ideas based on your analysis of
-operational meaning (connotative) what you have read.

OPERATIONAL MEANING (CONOTATIVE) NOTE: You can use the three writing tools in reviewing
> the meaning of the word/s is came from how it is use the related literatures and studies. But do not
by the researchers in the study. plagiarize any of the author’s work.

CONOTATIVE – not a literal meaning >>> POINTERS IN SELECTING RELATED LITERATURE <<<
DENOTATIVE – dictionary meaning
@ Choose previous research findings that are closely
CHAPTER 2 related to your research
@ Give more weight to studies done by people
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF RELATED LITERATURE
possessing expertise or authority in the field of
AND STUDIES
knowledge to which the research studies belong
# To obtain background knowledge of your research (consider the expertise)
# To relate your study to the current condition or @ Consider sources of knowledge that refer more to
situation of the world primary data than to secondary data.
# To show the capacity of your research work to
PRIMARY MEANS: the first-hand data gathered by the
introduce new knowledge
researchers himself.
# To expand, prove, or disprove the findings of previous
research studies SECONDARY DATA: it involves a researcher using the
# To increase your understanding of the underlying information that someone else has gathered for his or
theories, principles, or concepts of your research. her own purposes.
# To explain technical terms involved in your research
@ Prefer getting information from peer-reviewed
study
materials than from general reading materials
# To highlight the significance of your work with the
kind of evidence it gathered to support you’re the PARTS AND EXAMPLES OF CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF
conclusion of your research RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
# To avoid repeating previous studies
# To recommend the necessity of further research on a # PROPER CITATION (7th EDITION)
certain topic - APA in-text citation styles uses the author’s last name
and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PARAPHRASING, For direct quotations, include the page number as well,
SUMMARIZING, AND SYNTHESIZING for example: (Field, 2005, p.14)
- For sources such as websites and e-books that have no
PARAPHRASING
page numbers, use a paragraph number.
- is one way to use a text in your own writing without
directly quoting source material. # In-text reference should immediately follow the title,
- anytime you are taking information from a source that word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant,
is not your own, you need to specify where you got that rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or
information. sentences. In-text references should always precede
punctuation marks. Below are examples of using in-text
SUMMARIZING
citation.
- to express the most important facts or ideas about
something or someone in a short and clear form AUTHOR'S NAME IN PARENTHESES
- summarize the main points of the argument in a few - One study found that the most important element in
words. comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with
the topic (Gass & Varonis, 1984).
SYNTHESIZING
- at the very basic level, synthesis refers to combining AUTHOR'S NAME PART OF NARRATIVE
multiple sources and ideas. - Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most
important element in comprehending non-native
speech is familiarity with the topic.

GROUP AS AUTHOR:
- First citation: (American Psychological Association
[APA], 2015)
- Subsequent citation: (APA, 2015)

MULTIPLE WORKS
(SEPARATE EACH WORK WITH SEMI-COLONS)
- Research shows that listening to a particular accent
improves comprehension of accented speech in general
(Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004).

DIRECT QUOTE
(INCLUDE PAGE NUMBER)
- One study found that “the listener's familiarity with
the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the
interpretation of the entire message” (Gass & Varonis,
1984, p. 85).
- Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listener’s
familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates
the interpretation of the entire message” (p. 85).

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
- Divide your RRL in two groups first will be the Local
literatures, second will be the foreign literatures
- It should be written in thematic analysis example:

Theme 1: The effective of New Normal on Research

Subjects Below are the related literatures and studies

Theme 2: Distance Learning as New Means of Learning

Practical Research during the Globally Rising
Coronavirus

- The numbers of RRL should at least 10-15 local

literatures and 10-15 foreign literatures and studies
- Synthesize properly your RRL it should implies the
relationship to your studies
- The last part of the chapter 2 will be the summary and
of all the RRL
- Make sure you write correctly all your RRL to avoid
confusions and to certain shed of light to your readers.

PORINGUEZ 12 UNITY/STEM mia.more3