PHYSICS REVISION WORKSHEETS

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXERCISE
7. When no current flows through a conductor :-
ELECTRIC CURRENT & DRIFT VELOCITY
(1) the free electrons do not move
1. If 106 electrons/s are flowing through an area of (2) the average speed of a free electron over a
cross section of 10 –4 m 2 then the current large period of time is zero
will be :– (3) the average velocity of a free electron over a
(1) 1.6 × 10–7 A (2) 1.6 × 10–13 A large period of time is zero
(3) 1 × 10–6 A (4) 1 × 102 A (4) the average of square of velocities of all the free
electrons at an instant is zero
CE0001
CE0007
2. The current in a conductor varies with time t as
I = 2t + 3t2 A where I is amperes and t in seconds. 8. The number of free electrons per 10 mm of an
ordinary copper wire is about 2 ×1021. The average
Electric charge flowing through a section of the
drift speed of the electrons is 0.25 mm/s The
conductor during t = 2 s to t = 3 s is :–
current flowing is :-
(1) 10 C (2) 24 C (1) 0.8 A (2) 8 A
(3) 33 C (4) 44 C (3) 80 A (4) 5 A

CE0002 CE0009

3. 10,000 electrons are passing per minute through 9. In a Neon discharge tube 2.9 × 1018 Ne+ ions move
a tube of radius 1cm. The resulting current is : to the right each second, while 1.2 ×1018 electrons
move to the left per second; electron charge is
(1) 10000 A (2) 0.25 × 10–16 A
1.6 × 10–19 C. The current in the discharge tube is :-
(3) 10–9 A (4) 0.5 × 10–19 A (1) 1 A towards right
CE0003 (2) 0.66 A towards right
(3) 0.66 A towards left
4. There are 8.4 × 1022 free electrons per cm3 in
(4) zero
copper. The current in the wire is 0.21 A
(e = 1.6 × 10–19 C). Then the drifts velocity of CE0010
electrons in a copper wire of 1 mm2 cross section,
10. Two wires each of radius of cross section r but of
will be :–
different materials are connected together end to
(1) 2.12 × 10–5 m/s end (in series). If the densities of charge carriers in
(2) 0.78 × 10–5 m/s the two wires are in the ratio 1:4, the drift velocity
(3) 1.56 × 10–5 m/s of electrons in the two wires will be in the ratio :
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 1
(4) none of these
(3) 4 : 1 (4) 1 : 4
CE0004
CE0011
5. There is a current of 40 amperes in a wire of
10–6 m2 area of cross-section. If the number of free 11. A current I flows through a uniform wire of diameter
electrons per m3 is 1029, then the drift velocity will be d when the electron drift velocity is v. The same
current will flow through a wire of diameter d/2
(1) 1.25 × 103 m/s (2) 2.50 × 10–3 m/s
made of the same material if the drift velocity of
(3) 25.0 × 10–3 m/s (4) 250 × 10–3 m/s
the electrons is
CE0005 (1) v/4 (2) v/2
(3) 2v (4) 4v
6. S.I. unit of current is :-
(1) C (2) A (3) A/s (4) N/s CE0012

CE0006
12. A wire has a non–uniform cross–section as shown 16. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is
in figure. A steady current flows through it. The R. If its length and radius both are doubled,
drift speed of electrons at points P and Q is v P then :–
and vQ, then :- (1) the resistance will be halved and the specific
resistance will remain unchanged
(2) the resistance will be halved and the specific
P Q resistance will be doubled
(3) the resistance and the specific resistance, will
both remain unchanged
(1) vP = vQ (2) vP < vQ
(4) the resistance will be doubled and the specific
(3) vP > vQ (4) data is insufficient
resistance will be halved.
CE0013
13. The plot represents the flow of current through a CE0017
wire for different time intervals. The ratio of 17. When a piece of aluminium wire of finite length is
charges flowing through the wire corresponding drawn to reduce its diameter to half its original
to these time intervals is (see figure) :- value, its resistance will become :-

I (1) two times

2 (2) four times

1 (3) eight times
(4) sixteen times
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1 Time (in seconds) CE0018
–2
18. As the temperature of a metallic resistor is
increase d, th e prod uct o f resisti vity and
(1) 2 : 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 3 : 3 conductivity :-
(3) 1 : 1 : 1 (4) 2 : 3 : 4
(1) increases
CE0014
(2) decreases
OHM'S LAW & ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
(3) may increase or decrease
14. Three copper wires are there with lengths and
(4) remains constant.
æ Aö
cros s-sect ional a reas as (l, A); ç 2l, ÷ and CE0019
è 2ø

æl ö 19. If a wire is stretched, so that its length is 20% more

ç 2 ,2A ÷ . Resistance :- than its initial length, the percentage increase in
è ø
A the resistance of the wire is :-
(1) minimum for the wire of cross-sectional are
2 (1) 40% (2) 10%
(2) minimum for the wire of cross-sectional are A
(3) 44% (4) 25%
(3) minimum for the wire of cross-sectional area 2A
(4) same for all the three cases. CE0020
CE0015
20. The length of a given cylindrical wire is increased
15. A wire of uniform cross-section A, length l and
by 100%. Due to the consequent decrease in
resistance R is bent into a complete circle; the
diameter the change in the resistance of the wire
resistance between any two of diametrically
will be :–
opposite points will be :–
R R R (1) 300% (2) 200%
(1) (2) (3) (4) 4R
2 4 8
(3) 100% (4) 50%
CE0016
CE0021
 113
21. On increasing the temperature, the specific 6
resistance of a conductor and a semiconductor- 26. The effective resistance is W, when two wires
5
(1) both increase are joined in parallel. When one of the wire breaks,
the effective resistance is 2 ohms. The resistance
(2) both decrease
of the broken wire was :–
(3) increases and decreases respectively
(4) decreases and increases respectively 3 6
(1) W (2) 2 W (3) W (4) 3 W
5 5
CE0022
22. A conductor with rectangular cross section has CE0027
dimensions (a × 2a × 4a) as shown in figure.
Resistance across AB is x, across CD is y and across 27. At what temperature will the resistance of a copper
EF is z. Then wire become three times its value at 0° C ?
[Temperature coefficient of resistance for copper
= 4 × 10–3 per °C] :–
(1) 400° C (2) 450° C
(3) 500° C (4) 600° C

CE0028

28. Copper and silicon are cooled from 300 K to 60 K;

(1) x = y = z (2) x > y > z the specific resistance :–
(3) y > x > z (4) x > z > y (1) decreases in copper but increases in silicon
CE0023 (2) increases in copper but decreases in silicon
23. Specific resistance of a conductor increases with :– (3) increases in both
(1) increase in temperature. (4) decreases in both
(2) increase in cross–sectional area CE0029
(3) increase in cross–sectional area and decrease 29. Two resistances R1 and R2 are made of different
in length. materials. The temperature coefficient of the material
(4) decrease in cross–sectional area. of R1 is a and that of the material of R2 is –b. The
CE0024 resistance of the series combination of R1 and R2 does
24. The temperature coefficient of resistance of a wire not change with temperature, then the ratio of
is 0.00125 per degree celcius. At 300 K its resistances of the two wires at 0°C will be :
resistance is 1 ohm. The resistance of the wire will
a a +b
be 2 ohms at a temperature :– (1) (2)
b a-b
(1) 1154 K (2) 1127 K
(3) 600 K (4) 1400 K
a2 + b2 b
CE0025 (3) (4)
ab a
25. The current voltage graph for a given metallic
conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2 CE0030
are as shown in the figure. Then :– COMBINATION OF RESISTANCES &
(1) T1 > T2 KIRCHHOFF'S LAW
I
T1
30. A metal wire of resistance R is cut into three equal
(2) T1 = T2 T2 pieces which are then connected side by side to
(3) nothing can be said form a new wire, the length of which is equal to
V
about T1 and T2 one third of the original length. The resistance of
this new wire is :-
(4) T1 < T2
R R
(1) R (2) 3R (3) (4)
CE0026 9 3
CE0031
114
31. Three resistances of values 2 W, 3 W and 6 W are 35. The resistance of the circuit between A and B is :
to be connected to yield an effective resistance of
4 W. This can be done by connecting : r r
r
(1) 3 W resistance in series with a parallel r r
combination of 2 W and 6 W r
A r B
(2) 6 W resistance in series with a parallel r
combination of 2 W and 3 W r r

(3) 2 W resistance in series with a parallel

combination of 3 W and 6 W (1) r (2) 0.5r (3) 2r (4) 3r

(4) 2 W resistance in parallel with a parallel CE0036

combination of 3 W and 6 W
36. Thirteen resistances each of resistance R W are
CE0032 connected in the circuit as shown in the figure. The
effective resistance between A and B is :-
32. What will be the equivalent resistance between the
points A and D ? R R
4R
(1) W
(1) 10 W A 10 W 10 W 10 W B 3 R R R R
(2) 20 W 10 W 10 W (2) 2RW A
R
B
C D
(3) 30 W (3) R W R
10 W 10 W 10 W R R R
(4) 40 W 2R
(4) W R R
CE0033 3

CE0037
33. In the circuit shown here, what is the value of the
unknown resistance R so that the total resistance 37. The total resistance between x and y in ohms is :-
of the circuit between points 'P' and 'Q' is also equal
(1) 1 W
to R :–
(2) 4 W
(1) 3 W 10 W 4W
P 3W Q 4 8W 4W
(2) 39 W 3W R (3) W
3
2W 6W

4W
(3) 69 W 2 x y
(4) W
3
(4) 10 W

CE0034 CE0038

34. The resistance across P and Q in the given figure is 38. The resultant resistance of n wires each of resistance
r ohms is R, when they are connected in parallel.
R A
(1) When these n resistances are connected in series,
3 the resultant resistance will be :-
R R R
(2) R R
2 R
R (1) (2)
n n2
(3) 2R
R
(3) nR (4) n2R
(4) 6R P B R C Q
CE0039
CE0035
 15
39. For the network of resistance shown in the fig. the 43. Resistors R1 and R2 have an equivalent resistance
equivalent resistance of the network between the of 6 ohms when connected in the circuit shown
points A and B is 18 W. The value of unknown below. The resistance of R1 could be (in W) :-
resistance R is :-
R E
R1 R2
10W 10W
10W
(1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 8 (4) 4
B 10W 10W 10W A
CE0044

(1) 8 W (2) 10 W (3) 16 W (4) 24 W 44. Value of current i in the following circuit is :-
CE0040 1A

40. In the arrangment of resistances shown below, the 10A i

effective resistance between points A and B is
6A
2A
5W 10W 15W
(1) 13 A (2) 12 A
A 10W 10W B (3) 9 A (4) none of the above
10W 20W 30W CE0045
45. The potential difference between X and Y in
volts is :-
(1) 20 W (2) 30 W (3) 90 W (4) 110 W
X
CE0041
2W 3W
41. In the circuit shown the equivalent resistance
between A and B is 2A 2A
3W 2W
R R R R R R Y
A B
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) –2
CE0046
(1) R (2) 2R/5 (3) R/3 (4) 2R 46. If each resistance in the fig. is of 9 W then reading
of the ammeter is :–
CE0042

42. In the figure the numerical values denote

resistances in SI units. The total resistance of the
A
circuit between a & b will be:
3
(1) 5 A (2) 8 A (3) 2 A
(4) 9 A
CE0047
2 20 16 47. If i = 0.25 A in figure, then value of R is :–
15 60 W
a b
i R 20
W
20
4 30
12 V
50 10 W

(1) 12 ohms (2) 24 ohms.

(1) 48 W (2) 12 W (3) 120 W (4) 42 W
(3) 15 ohms (4) 6 ohms
CE0048
CE0043
48. If the ammeter in the given circuit reads 2 A, the
resistance R is :– 6W B 6W
A C
3W R

15 V 3W 45 V
6W
6V
A
D
(1) 1 ohms (2) 2 ohms
(3) 3 ohms (4) 4 ohms
(1) 1 A (2) 5 A (3) 3 A (4) 7 A
CE0049
CE0052
49. The equilvalent resistance and potential difference
between A and B for the circuit are respectively :– 52. In the circuit shown below, the reading of the
voltmeter V is :-
6W

2A 2.5 W 4W 16 W
6W
A 3W B 2A +
V
–
(1) 4 W, 8 V (2) 8 W, 4 V
(3) 2 W, 2 V (4) 16 W, 8 V 16 W 4W

CE0050
(1) 12 V (2) 8 V (3) 20 V (4) 16 V
50. For the current loops shown in the figure, CE0053
Kirchhoff's loop rule for the loops AHDCBA and 53. Find the potential of J with respect of G :-
AHDEFGA yields these equations respectively :-
(1) 40 V 60 V
30 W H 64 W
(2) 60 V
J
I1 (3) 20 V 32 W
B C
A D (4) 30 V G
I3 40 W 1W
I2 45 V
20 W CE0054
54. Find the potential difference across the 24 W :-
G E
80 V F 1W I2

48 W
(1) –30 I1 –41 I3 + 45 = 0 and –30 I1 + 21 I2
– 80 = 0 48 W
(2) 30 I1 –41 I3 + 45 = 0 and 30 I1 – 21 I2
– 80 = 0 24 W
(3) 30 I1 + 41 I3 – 45 = 0 and –30 I1 + 21 I2 3W 5W
+ 80 = 0 2A 6W
(4) –30 I1 – 41 I3 – 45 = 0 and –30 I1 + 21 I2
– 80 = 0 4W

CE0051
2W
51. In the circuit shown in figure, find the current
through the branch BD.
(1) 48 volts (2) 2 volts
(3) 4 volts (4) 1 volts
CE0055
 117
55. In a network as shown in the figure the potential 58. Six resistors each of 10 W are connected as shown.
difference across the resistance 2R is (the cell has The equivalent resistance between points X and
an emf E with no internal resistance) : Y is :
X
(1) 2E

4E
(2) 4R
7
R
E 2R
(3) E
7
Y
(4) E
(1) 20 W (2) 5 W (3) 25/3 W (4) 10 W
CE0056
CE0059
56. The reading of ammeter is I1 when only S1 is 59. Five equal resistances each of resistance R are
closed and I2 when only S2 is closed. The reading connected as shown in the Figure. A battery of
is I3 when both S1 & S2 are closed simultaneously voltage V is connected between A and [Link]
then :- current flowing in AFCEB will be
6R S1
R V
(1) C
R
12R
A S2 V R R R
(2)
2R
+ – R A B
F
E
2V D E
(1) I1 > I2 > I3 (3) R
R
(2) I2 > I3 > I1
(3) I3 > I2 > I1 3V
(4)
(4) I3 > I1 > I2 R
CE0057 CE0060
60. In a typical Wheatstone bridge the resistance in
57. How will the reading of ammeter change if the key
cyclic order are A = 10 W, B = 5 W, C = 4W and
k is closed ?
D = 4 W. For the bridge to be balanced :
R 2R

K A=10 W B=5 W
2R R

A
D=4 W C=4 W
+ –
V
(1) Increase (a) 10 W should be connected in parallel with A
(2) Decrease
(3) Remains same (b) 10 W should be connected in series with A

(4) Information insufficient (c) 5 W should be connected in series with B

CE0058
(d) 5 W should be connected in parallel with B

(1) a, b (2) b, c (3) a, c (4) all

CE0061
118
61. Seven resistances are connected as shown in 65. For the network shown in the figure the value
the [Link] equivalent resistance between of the current i is :–
A and B is :–
18 V 2W
(1)
10 W 5
4W 4W
A 3W B 5V
(2) 3W
9 6W
10 W
5W 8W 6W 9V i V
(3)
35
5V
(1) 3 W (2) 4 W (3) 4.5 W (4) 5 W (4)
18
CE0062
CE0066
62. In the following circuit diagram the value of
resistance X for the potential difference between CELLS & COMBINATION OF CELLS,
B and D to be zero is :- ELECTRIC POWER & ENERGY
66. Two cells X and Y are connected to a resistance
+ –
B of 10 W as shown in the figure. The terminal voltage
X

of cell Y is :-
W
6

6 V,2 W 4 V,8 W
W

(1) zero
15

W
A 4 C
6 (2) 2 V X Y
W 10 W
15

W
W

4
W (3) 4 V
6 4
W
D
(4) 10 V
(1) 4 ohms (2) 6 ohms
(3) 8 ohms (4) 9 ohms CE0067
CE0063 67. A battery has e.m.f. 4 V and internal resistance 'r'.
63. In the arrangement of resistances shown in the circuit, When this battery is connected to an external
the potential difference between points B and D will resistance of 2 ohms, a current of 1 A flows in the
be zero, when the unknown resistance X is :- circuit. What current will flow if the terminals of the
B battery are connected directly ?
4W (1) 1 A (2) 2 A
X
12 W
(3) 4 A (4) infinite
A C CE0068

1W 68. Internal resistance of primary cell depends on :-

1W
(1) the nature of electrolyte
1W
3W (2) the area of plates immeresed in the electrolyte
+ – D (3) the concentration of electrolyte and distance
between the plates
(1) 4 W (2) 3 W (4) all the above
(3) 2 W (4) 1 W CE0069
CE0064 69. The potential difference between the terminals of
64. The resistance of each arm of a Wheat stone bridge a cell is found to be 3 volts when it is connected
is 10 W. A resistance of 10 W is connected in series to a resistance of value equal to its internal
with the galvanometer then the equivalent resistance resistance. The e.m.f. of the cell is :-
across the battery will be :–
(1) 3 V (2) 6 V
(1) 10 W (2) 15 W
(3) 20 W (4) 40 W (3) 1.5 V (4) 4.5 V
CE0065 CE0070
 119
70. A current of 2 A is flowing through a cell of e.m.f. 76. A cell supplies a current of 0.9 A through a 2 W
5 V and internal resistance 0.5 W from negative resistor and a current of 0.3 A through a 7 W
to positive electrode. If the potential of negative resistor. The internal resistance of the cell is :-
electrode is 10 V, the potential of positive electrode
will be :- (1) 1.0 W (2) 0.5 W
(1) 5 V (2) 14 V
(3) 2.0 W (4) 1.2 W
(3) 15 V (4) 16 V
CE0071 CE0077
71. In the following circuit if VA–VB = 4 V, then the
value of resistance X in ohms will be :- 77. A 10 V battery with internal resistance 0.5 W is
connected across a variable resistance R. The value
(1) 5
of R for which the power delivered to it is maximum,
10 W
(2) 10 5V is equal to :-
A 2V X B
(3) 15
(1) 0.5 W (2) 1 W (3) 1.5 W (4) 2 W
(4) 20
CE0078
CE0072
72. Electromotive force of a cell is basically a 78. An electric bulb is designed to draw a power P0 at
(1) force (2) power voltage V0. If the voltage is V, it draws a power P,
then –
(3) work (4) current capacity

CE0073 æ V ö æV ö
(1) P = ç ÷ P0 (2) P = ç 0 ÷ P0
E è V0 ø è V ø
73. The terminal voltage is when a current of 2 A
2
is flowing through 2 W resistance; the internal
resistance of the cell is :– 2 2
æV ö æ V ö
(3) P = ç 0 ÷ P0 (4) P = ç ÷ P0
(1) 1 W (2) 2 W (3) 3 W (4) 4 W è V ø è V0 ø
CE0074
74. When a resistance of 2 ohms is connected across CE0079
the terminals of a cell, the current is 0.5 A. When
79. Consider the four circuits shown in the figure below.
the resistance is increased to 5 ohms, the current
In which circuit power dissipated maximum
becomes 0.25 A. The e.m.f. of the cell is :-
(Neglect the internal resistance of the power supply)
(1) 1.0 V (2) 1.5 V (3) 2.0 V (4) 2.5 V

CE0075 R
75. A cell of e.m.f. 2 V and negligible internal resistance R R E
(1) E (2)
is connected to resistors R1 and R2 as shown in the R
figure. The resistance of the voltmeter, R1 and R2
are 80 W, 40 W and 80 W respectively. The reading
of the voltmeter is :-
R R R
R2 R
2V E E
R1 (3) (4)
+ – V R R
E
(1) 1.78 V (2) 1.60 V
CE0080
(3) 0.80 V (4) 1.33 V
CE0076
80. Three resistances of equal value are arranged in 84. Four circuits are shown below. All the batteries have
different combinations as shown below. Arrange the same voltage V and all resistors have the same
them in the increasing order of power dissipation : resistance R. In which circuit does the battery
delivers the most power?

i R R
I
R R
II
(1) R (2) R
V R V

i i
R
III IV R R
(1) III < II < IV < I (2) II < III < IV < I
(3) (4) R
(3) I < IV < III < II (4) I < III < II < IV V R
V
CE0081
CE0085
81. 25 W, 200 V and 100 W, 200 V bulbs are
85. Two cells, each of e.m.f. E and internal resistance
connected in series to a source of 400 volts.
Which bulb will fuse ? r, are connected in parallel across a resistor R. The
power dissipated in the resistor is maximum if :
(1) 25 W
(1) R = r (2) R = 2r
(2) 100 W 3r r
(3) Both will fuse at the same time (3) R = (4) R =
2 2
(4) None of the bulbs will fuse CE0087
CE0082 86. In the circuit shown in figure, the power which
is dissipated as heat in the 6 W resistor is 6 W.
82. You are provided with 48 cells, each of emf 2 volts What is the value of resistance R in the circuit ?
and internal resistance 4 ohms. What maximum
R
current can flow in the circuit having an external
6W
resistance of 12 W ?

(1) 1 A (2) 1.2 A 8W

(3) 0.96 A (4) 1.08 A

CE0083 12 V
(1) 6 W (2) 10 W (3) 13 W (4) 24 W
83. two electric bulbs of the same power, but with
different marked voltages are connected in series CE0088
across a power line . Their brightness will be :- 87. For different values of resistance, R power
consumptions in R are given. Then which of the
(1) directly proportional to their marked voltages
following values are not possible ?
(2) inversely proportional to their marked voltages
+ –
(3) directly proportional to the squares of their 4V 1W
marked voltages

(4) inversely proportional to the squares of their R

marked voltages
(a) 2 W (b) 5 W (c) 8 W (d) 4 W
CE0084
(1) Only c (2) b & c (3) a,b,c (4) All

CE0090
 121
93. In the shown arrangement of the experiment of a
MEASURING DEVICES
meter bridge if AC, corresponding to null deflection
88. An ammeter and a voltmeter are joined in series of galvanometer, is x then what would be its value
to a cell. Their readings are A and V respectively. if the radius of the wire AB is doubled :-
If a resistance is now joined in parallel with the
voltmeter + –
R1 R2
(1) both A and V will decrease
G
(2) both A and V will increase
A B
x C
(3) A will increase, V will decrease
x
(4) A will decrease, V will increase (1) x (2) (3) 4x (4) 2x
4
CE0091 CE0096

89. A galvanometer of 100 W resistance yields 94. In the following circuit, the resistance of the
voltmeter is 10,000 W and that of the ammeter
complete deflection when 10 mA current flows.
is 20 W . If the reading of the ammeter is 0.1 A
What should be the value of shunt so that it can
and that of the voltmeter is 12 V, then the value
measure currents upto 100 mA ?
of R is :-
(1) 11.11 W (2) 9.9 W
(1) 122 W
A
(3) 1.1 W (4) 4.4 W R + –
(2) 100 W
CE0092 (3) 118 W + –
V
90. In order to change the range of a galvanometer (4) 116 W
of G W resistance from V volts to nV volts what
will be the value of resistance in W connected in CE0097
series with it :– 95. The resistance of a galvanometer is G ohms and the
range is 1 volt. The value of resistance (in W) used
G to convert it into a voltmeter of range 10 volts is :-
(1) (n–1)G (2)
n
1
G (1) 9 G (2) G (3) G (4) 10 G
(3) nG (4) 9
n -1
CE0098
CE0093
96. A galvanometer has 36 W resistance. If a 4 W shunt
91. Resistance in the two gaps of a meter bridge are is added to this, the fraction of current that passes
10 ohms and 30 ohms respectively. If the through the galvanometer is :-
resistances are interchanged, the balance point
1 1 1 1
shifts by :– (1) (2) (3) (4)
4 9 10 40
(1) 33.3 cm (2) 66.67 cm
CE0099
(3) 25 cm (4) 50 cm 97. A galvanometer of resistance 100 W gives full
CE0094 defection for a current of 10–5 A. The value of shunt
required to convert it into an ammeter of range
92. A galvanometer acting as a voltmeter will have :
1 ampere, is :-
(1) a high resistance in series with its coil
(1) 1 W (2) 10–3 W
(2) a low resistance in parallel with its coil
(3) 10–5 W (4) 100 W
(3) a low resistance in series with its coil
(4) a high resistance in parallel with its coil CE0100

CE0095
122
98. There are three voltmeters of the same range but
POTENTIOMETER
of resistances 10000 W, 8000 W and 4000 W
103. It is observed in a potentiometer experiment that
respectively. The best voltmeter among these is the
no current passes through the galvanometer,
one whose resistance is :–
when the terminals of a cell are connected across
(1) 10000 W (2) 8000 W a certain length of the potentiometer wire. On
shunting the cell by a 2 W resistance, the balancing
(3) 4000 W (4) all are equally good length is reduced to half. The internal resistance
of the cell is :-
CE0101
(1) 4 W (2) 2 W (3) 9 W (4) 18 W
99. 20% of the main current passes through the
galvanometer. If the resistance of the galvanometer CE0108
is G, then the resistance of the shunt will be :- 104. In the potentiometer circuit shown in the figure, the
balancing length AJ = 60 cm when switch S is open.
G G When switch S is closed and the value of
(1) (2)
50 4 R = 5 W, the balancing length AJ' = 50 cm . The
internal resistance of the cell C' is :-
(3) 50G (4) 9G

CE0102 J' J
A B
100. An unknown resistance R1 is connected in series with C'
C
a resistance of 10 W. This combination is connected
to one gap of a metre bridge while a resistance R2
is connected in the other gap. The balance point R S
(1) 1.2 W (2) 1.0 W (3) 0.8 W (4) 0.6 W
is at 50 cm. Now, when the 10 W resistance is
removed the balance point shifts to CE0109
40 cm. The value of R1 is (in ohms) :– 105. In a potentiometer experiment when terminals of
the cell are connected at distance of 52 cm on the
(1) 20 (2) 10 (3) 60 (4) 40
wire, then no current flows through it. When 5 W
CE0104 shunt resistance is connected across the cell the
balancing length is 40 cm. The internal resistance
101. A 1 W voltmeter has a range of 1V. Find the
of the cell (in W) is :–
additional resistance which has to be joined with the
200 52
series in voltmeter to increase the range of (1) 5 (2) (3) (4) 1·5
voltmeter to 100 V :– 52 8
CE0110
1 106. A potentiometer wire has a resistance 40 W and
(1) 10 W (2) W
99 its length is 10 m. It is connected to a resistance
(3) 99 W (4) 100 W of 760 W in series. If emf of battery is 2 V then
potential gradient is :–
CE0105 (1) 0·5 × 10–6 V/m (2) 1 × 10–6 V/m
102. A galvanometer having a resistance G and current (3) 1 × 10–2 V/m (4) 2 × 10–6 V/m
ia flowing in it, produces full scale deflection. If
CE0111
S1 is the value of shunt which converts it into an
107. A 6 volts battery is connected to the terminals of
ammeter of range 0 – i and S 2 is the value of the
a three metres long wire of uniform thickness and
S1
shunt for the range 0 – 2i. Then the ratio 100 ohm resistance. The potential difference
S2
between two points on the wire separated by a
will be :-
distance of 50 cm will be :–
(1) 1 (2) 2 (1) 3 volts (2) 1 volt
1 æ i - ia ö æ 2i - i a ö (3) 1.5 volts (4) 2 volts
(3) 2 ç 2i - i ÷ (4) ç i - i ÷ CE0112
è a ø è a ø

CE0106
 123
108. Potentiometer is used for measuring : 113. In the following circuit, the reading of the voltmeter
(1) potential difference (2) current will be :- (in volts)
(3) internal resistance (4) All of these
CE0113 + –
109. Length of a potentiometer wire is kept long and V
Rh
uniform to achive :– V
(1) uniform and more potential gradient 40 cm 60 cm
(2) non-uniform and more potential gradient
(3) uniform and less potential gradient 4.8 V G
(4) non-uniform and less potential gradient + –
CE0114
110. In figure battery E is balanced over a 55 cm length of (1) 7.2 (2) 4.8
potentiometer wire but when a resistance of 10 W is (3) 6 (4) 4
connected in parallel with the battery then it CE0118
balances over a 50 cm length of the potentiometer 114. In the following diagram, the deflection in the
wire then internal resistance r of the battery is :– galvanometer in a potentiometer circuit is zero,
then :-
2V
+ –
1m
E Rh
A
B
A B
E r
E1

G
(1) 1 W (2) 3 W (3) 10 W
(4) 5 W E2 G
CE0115
111. The following diagram shows the circuit for the
comparison of e.m.f. of two cells. The circuit can be (1) E1 > E2 (2) E2 > E1
corrected by :- (3) E1 = E2 (4) E1 + E2 = E
CE0119
115. A resistance of 4 W and a wire of length 5 m
E Rh
and resistance 5 W are joined in series and
connected to a cell of e.m.f. 10 V and internal
E1 resistance 1 W. A Parallel combination of two
identical cells is balanced across 300 cm length
E2
G of the wire. The e.m.f. E of each cell is :

(1) reversing the terminals of E 4W 10 V,1 W

(2) reversing the terminals of E1
(3) reversing the terminals of E2 3m
(4) reversing the current in Rh. E 5 W,5 m
CE0116
112. AB is a potentiometer wire of length 100 cm and E
resistance 10 ohms. It is connected in series with G
a resistance R = 40 ohms and a battery of e.m.f.
2 V and negligible internal resistance. If a source (1) 1.5 V (2) 3.0 V
of unknown e.m.f. E is balanced by 40 cm length (3) 0.67 V (4) 1.33 V
of the potentiometer wire, the value of E is :-
CE0120
R 2V
116. The emf of a standard cell is balanced over a
40 cm 150 cm length of a potentiometer wire. When this
A B cell is shunted by a 2 W resistance, the null point
E is obtained at 100 cm. The value of internal
resistance of the cell is :-
(1) 0.1 ohms (2) 1 ohms
(1) 0.8 V (2) 1.6 V (3) 0.08 V (4) 0.16 V
CE0117 (3) 2 ohms (4) 0.5 ohms
CE0121
124
117. The sensitivity of a potentiometer is increased by 120. The correct circuit for the determination of internal
(1) increasing the emf of the cell. resistance of a battery by using potentiometer is :
(2) increasing the length of the potentiometer wire + .
( )
(3) decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire
(4) none of the above.
CE0122 + – E
(1) G
118. A potential gradient is established in the wire by a
standard cell for the comparison of emf's of two cells R .
( )

in a potentiometer experiment. Which possibility

+ –
( )
of the following will lead to the failure of the
experiment ?
(1) the emf of the standard cell is higher than that
– +
of the other cells. (2) G
E
(2) the diameter of the wire is equal along its length ( )
R
(3) the number of wires is ten.
+ –
(4) the emf of the standard cell is less than that of
( ).
either cells
CE0123
119. Potentiometer wire length is 10 m, having a total (3) R

resistance of 10 W. If a battery of emf 2 volts

(of negligible internal resistance) and a rheostat
+ – E .
( ) G

are connected to it then the potential gradient + –

is 20 mV/m; find the resistance imparted ( ).
through the rheostat :-
(1) 90 W (2) 990 W + –E
(4)
(3) 40 W (4) 190 W
CE0124 R .
( ) G

CE0125

EXERCISE KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 2
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 1 4 4 3 1 3 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 4 3
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 3 3 3 1 2 4 3 4 3 1 1 4 3 1 1
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 4 1 2 2 3
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Ans. 2 3 3 1 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 3 2 2 3
Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans. 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 3 1 1
Que. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Ans. 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 2 4
Que. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Ans. 3 2 4 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 1 4
20

EXERCISE HINTS
I
dq . ´ 10-19
106 ´ 16 5. Vd = , solve it
1. I = = = 1.6 × 10–13 A neA
dt 1
dQ 6. Ampere
2. Q I= r dQ = Idt
dt 7. If no. current passes through a conductor then
3 average velocity of all electrons in conductor is zero
ò (2t + 3t
2
)dt
Q= ò Idt =
2
for time.
8. I = neAvd
on solving Q = 24 C N N
= eAv d = eAv d
V Al
q 104 ´ 1.6 ´ 10 -19
3. i= = = 0.25 × 10–16 A N
t 60 I= ev d solve it.
l
4. i = neA vd
9. i = 4.1 × 1018 × 1.6 × 10–19
i
vd = = 1.56 × 10–5 m/s = 0.66 A towards right
neA
10. I = neAvd 18. T­ r­ s¯
r × s = constant
1
Þ vd µ 19. vold = Al
n
rL
v d1 n 4n1 V = AL R=
Þ = 2 = =4:1 A
v d2 n1 n1 New
I L 6
11. j= = nev d
A L' = L + = L
5 5
4I V = A'L' = AL
= nev ...(i)
pd 2
5A
16I A' =
= nev ' ...(ii) L
pd 2
rL ' 36
4I v R' = = R
From equation (i) & (ii) = Þ v' = 4v A' 25
16I v ¢
R '- R
i % change = ´ 100 = 44%
12. vd = As A ­ so vd¯ Þ vP > vQ R
Ane
20. Volume remains same Þ AL = A'(2L)
13. q = ò i dt = area under i – t curve A rL
A' = ; Ri =
2 A
q1 = 2 q2 = 2 q3 = 2
r(2L)
[Link] 1 Rf =
( A / 2) = 4Ri
rl
14. R= 4R i - R i
A %change = ´ 100 = 300%
Ri
rl æ 4l ö l
R1 = R 2 = rç ÷ R3 = r 21. Increase and decrease respectivly.
A èAø 4A
22. C
R3 < R1 < R2
2a

A a B
15.
4a
D
FG R / 2IJ
R
Þ RAB = H 2 K 4
=
lö
x>z>y
16. Material same Þ r unchanged æ
ç R = r A ÷ , A = Area of crossection.
rl rl l è ø
R = = 2 Þ Rµ 2 23. The value r does not depends on geometry but
A pa a
2l increases with increase in temperature
Therefore R´ µ
(2a )2
24. R = R0 (1 + aDT)
R
Þ R´= 1 = R0[1 + a(27)]
2
1 1 + a ´ 27
2 = R0[1 + a(T)] Þ = solve it.
17. 2 1+a ´ T
I 1 1
25. For I – V slope = µ µ curve
Initial volume = final volume V R T
pd 2l pd 2 L Ai Slope ¯ R ­ T ­
= L = 4l Af =
4 16 4 Q R 2 > R 1 \ T2 > T1
rl æ 4l ö 2R 6
Ri = Rf = r ç ÷ = 16 Ri 26. =
Ai è Ai ø 2+R 5
10R = 12 + 6R ; R = 3 W
27. R = R0 (1 + µDt) 35. After folding symmetry
r r
3R0 = R0(1 + 4 × 10–3 T) 2 2

1000 A B r
2 = 4 × 10–3 T Þ T= = 500°C Req =
2 r r
2
2 2
28. For conductor, T¯ r¯ 36. It is balance Wheat Stone Bridge
2R 2R
For semiconductor, T¯ r­ 3 3
29. R1 = R01 (1+aDT)
A B
R2 = R02(1 –[Link])
2R 2R
Rseries = R1 + R2 = R01 + (R01a – R02b)DT + R02 3
3
Not depend on temprature 2R
RAB = W
R 01 b 3
R01a – R02b = 0 Þ = 37. Redrawing the circuit
R 02 a
4W

R/3 8 ×2 4 ×6
30. = 1.6 W = 2.4 W
R R/3 8+2 4+6
R/3

Parallel combination 4W
R
X Y
Req = 9

31. 3W
2W 4W

6W
4W

32. Redraw circuit Y

X 4W
20W 4
10W 10W Req =
A D 3
X Y 38. When they are connected in parallel
20W
r
RAD = 30 W Then R = Þ r = nR
n
When they are connected in series
(R + 3).10
33. + 3 = R (given) Then Req. = nr = n × nR = n2R
(R + 3) + 10 39. R
solve it (10R + 30) = (R – 3) (R + 13)
15
10R + 30 = R2 – 39 + 10R or R = 69 W
10 10
34. A A B 10 A
R R
A 2 2
R
z
P B C Q P R Q
B R C 2
B A
10 16
R 16R
R eq = + 10 = 18
3 16 + R
40. RAB = 20W Multiple W.S.B. 51. i =0 6W 6W
B
41.
V R R R VVR R R
B
A 3W 45 V
µ V µ µ V
15V
V V V 5A
Req = R D 5A

42. Req = 6W V - 15 V V - 45
+ +
6 3 6
43.

V – 15 + 2V + V – 45 = 0

4V = 60

R1R 2 V = 15 V
= 6W Þ R1 could be = 8W
R1 + R2
V 15
44. Iin = Iout \ iBD = = A = 5A
3 3
10 + 1 + 2 = I Þ I = 13A
52.
1A 4W 16 W
45. Vx + 2 × 1 – 3 × 1 = Vy

1 +
Vx – Vy = +1 volt 2
V
2A – 2A

V 9
46. I= = =5 A 1 A 16 W
R eq 9 4W
5
12 By KVL in loop (1)
47. i = 0.25 = Þ R + 6 = 48 Þ R = 42 W
R+6
–4 × 1 –V + 16 × 1 = 0
6
48. i=2A= Þ R = 1W V = 12 Volts
2+R

49. 32
6W 53. VJG = ´ 60 = 20 V
32 + 34
2A 2.5W
6W 2A 1A
A 3W B 54.
3W 5W
2V
2A 3E
B 55. i=
A 7R
1.5W 2.5W 4R
Req = 4W Veq = 8V i/3
i R
50. In loop AHDCBA
2i/3
–30 I1 – 45 – I3 – 40 I3 = 0 2R

–30 I1 – 41 I3 – 45 = 0
E
In loop AHDCBA
2 æ 3E ö 4
–30 I1 + 20 I2 + 1 I2 – 80 = 0 V = (2R) ç ÷ = E
3 è 7R ø 7
–30 I1 + 21 I2 – 80 = 0
56. 61. Wheatstone bridge is in balance condition
62. 8x
21W 8+x +3

A C P R
Þ =
Q S
18W 6W
E E E
I1 = I2 = I3 =
7R 13R 5R 63. For balance wheat stone bridge
I3 > I1 > I2
16 x
57. = ; x = 2W.
4 1/ 2

10 W G 10 W

64. 10 W Req = 10 W

10 W 10 W
when key open when key closed
3R 4R 65.
Req = Req =
2 3
2V 3V
i0 = iC =
3R 4R
58.

4 2
Here = Þ Balanced Wheat Stone Bridge
6 3
Therefore given ckt. can be reduced to
Balanced Wheat Stone Bridge
X
r r
V 0
A B RAB= r =5W
2
r r
Y
r 5V
59. Given circuit can be reduced to Þ i =
18
Balanced Wheat Stone Bridge 10 10 1
66. V= E – Ir = 4 - ´ 8 = 0V (Q I= = A)
20 20 2
67. When battery is connected to external resistance
º º
4
= 1 Þ r = 2W
2+r
V
Required current = When terminals of battery are connected directly
2R
i = 4/2 = 2A
60. Option (3) is correct.
68. All
69. E 75.
A r B

r
VAB = 3 Þ i = 3/r
2
E –ir = 3 Þ E = 3 + ir = 3 + 3 = 6V i= = 0.01 A
200
70.
E = 5V V = 0.8 V
r = 0.5W
2A V
B A 76. 0.9 =
2+r

V
0.3 =
7+r
VA + 5 – 2 × 0.5 = VB
1.8 + 0.9r = 2.1 + 0.3r
10 + 5 – 1 = VB Þ VB = 14V

71. 0.6r = 0.3

1
r= W
2

77. for maximum power Rinternal = Rext.

2
5-4 v 20 V2 V2 æ Vö
i= = 0.1A 78. R= ; p= = 2 P0 = ç ÷ P0
10 p0 R V0 è V0 ø

x × 0.1 = 2 Þ x = 20W V2
79. P= Þ R eq. ¯ P ­
72. emf is basically work R eq.

E E 80. P=i2R Current is same, so PµR.

73. Q I = , terminal potential = E - Ir
2+ r 2
In the first case it is 3r, in second case it is (2/3)r, in
E E
Þ = E– r r 3r
2 2+ r III case it is & in IV case the net resistance is
3 2
Þ 2 + r = 2r
RIII < RII<RIV<R1 \ PIII < PII<PIV < P1
Þ r= 2W
81.
74.
25W, 200 V 100W, 200 V

V=0.5(2+r) ...(i) V=0.25(5+r)...(ii) 400 V

for (i) & (ii) 2

Vrated (200)2 (200)2
0.5(2+r) = 0.25(5+r) R= ; R = ; R =
Prated 1
25 2
100
4 + 2r = 5 + r R1 > R2 ; V1 > V2
r=1 thats why 25 W bulb fuse first
V = 0.5 × 3 = 1.5V
26
82. 88. Net resistance of system will decrease.
24 12
\ Reading of A will increase & reading of V will
decrease.
12 G = 100W
ig = 10 mA
89. 100 mA
i= = 1A
12W
90mA
nr
For Imax = =R ...(1)
m S
n = number of coloum 100
m = number of row 100 × 10 = 90 S Þ S = W
9
nm = 48 ...(2) G
from eq (1) and (2) 90.
n = 12 S
V = G ig
m=4
æ G + Sö
nV = (G + S)ig Þ n = çè ÷ Þ S = (n – 1) G
V
2
V
2 G ø
R1= 1
R2= 2
91. Initially
P P
R1 x 10
= =
83. R 2 (1 - x) 30 Þ x = 25 cm
Finally after interchange
y 30
e = Þ y = 75 cm
i= ; Brightnss a power = (i2R) 1 - y 10
æ V12 V22 ö shifting = 50 cm
ç + ÷
è P P ø
92. Voltmeter Ù
e2 V 2
Pi = 2 1 2 93. If radius of wire is doubled then resistance becomes
(V1 + V2 )
1/4 times but ratio of AC : CB remains same.
2
V
84. P= ; Req ¯ P ­ 94. V = I(R + RA) Þ 12 = 0.1(R + 20)
Re q
12
85. For maximum power internal resistance should be ÞR= - 20 R = 100 W
0.1
equal to external resistance
95. R = (n–1)G
(Rent = RInt)
10
r Here n = = 10 Þ R = (10 – 1)G = 9G
R= 1
2
96.
R
6W VG = VR
86. 6W i Þ 4(I – IG) = 36IG
8W IG 1
Þ 10IG = I Þ =
I 10
i
12V
6 –5A
G 1A ig G
i26 = 6 Þ i= = 1A 97. ig = 10
6
æ 8R ö
çè 6 + ÷ =6
8 + Rø S
8R V = 10–3 V Gig = S (1 – ig)
= 6 ; 4R = 24 + 3R Þ R = 24 W
8+R
87. max ® R = 1 Þ P = i R = 4W
2 10–3 = S(1 – 10–5)

S » 10–3 W
98. High resistance Þ Good voltmeter
i i/5 G
99.
107.
4i
5
S 6
i 4i G Voltage on 50 cm. = × 50 = 1 volt.
G= S; S= 300
5 5 4
R + 10 50 108. All of these
100. 1 = =1 Þ R1 + 10 = R2 ....(i)
R2 50
R1 40 109. Uniform and less potential gradient
= Þ 3R1 = 2R2 ....(ii)
R 2 60
æ l - lC ö æ 55 - 50 ö
3 110. r = ç 0 ÷ R = ç 50 ÷ 10 = 1 W
R1 + 10 = R1 Þ R1 = 20 W
2 è lC ø è ø
101.
[Here l0 = 55 cm ; lC = 50 cm ; R = 10 W]

99 = 1 × R Þ R = 99W 111. Reversing the terminals of E2

ia G ia G 112. Potential gradient (PG)

i 2i

102. (i – ia) (2i – ia) E R 2 10

x ´ w= ´ = 0.4 V/m
R + R w L w 40 + 10 1
S1 S2
Gia = S1 (i – ia) ...(i) \E1 = (PG) xl = 0.4 × 40 × 10–2 = 0.16 V
Gia = (2i – ia)S2 ...(ii)
113. voltage on 40 cm = 4.8 V
Equation (i) = (ii) 4.8
Potential gradiant =
S1 æ 2i - ia ö 40cm
S1(i – ia) = S2 (2i – ia) Þ =
S2 çè i - i a ÷ø 4.8
voltage on 60 cm so = × 60 = 7.2 volt.
103. For internal resistance 40
114. E2 > E1
l æVö æ IR ö
æ l1 - l 2 ö l- 115. Q E = ç ÷ ´ l Þ E = ç w
R 2 ´ 2 = 2W èLø ÷´l
r= ç l
è ÷ø ; r =
l è Lw ø
2
E0 Rw
2 Þ E = R +r +R ´ L ´l
l1 - l 2 60 - 50 w
104. r = ´R = ´ 5 = 1W
l2 50 10 5
E= ´ ´ 3 = 3volt
FG l - l IJ ´ R = FG 52 - 40 IJ 4 +1 + 5 5
105. r =
H l K
1

2
2
H 40 K ×5
æ l - l2 ö
116. r = ç 1 R=
150 - 100
´2= 1 W
è l ÷
ø 100
12 2
= × 5 = 1.5W 2
40 119. i =
106. Current through potentiometer wire 10 + R
voltage drop in 10m length = 2 – iR
E 2 1
I = = = 2R
R AB + R 40 + 760 400 V0 = 2 –
(10 + R)
potn difference across potentiometer wire
20
1 FG 1 IJ volt V0 =
10 + R
VAB = I × 40 =
400
× 40 = H 10 K V
Potential Gradient = 0 = 20 mV/m
VAB 1 l
\ potential gradient = = 2
l 10 ´ 10 = 20 ´ 10-3 Þ R = 90 W
Þ
= 1 × 10–2 volt/meter 10 + R