IT WORKSHOP

LAB MANUAL
 PC HARDWARE
TASK 1

Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the
block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your
instructor.
AIM :To identify the peripherals of a computer, assemble and disassemble the system.

Software Requirement: No Software Required.

Hardware Requirement: Desired Configuration for the above WEEK is

 System unit
 CPU
 Mother Board
 FDD
 CD ROM Drive
 HDD
 Ethernet Card
 Monitor ,Keyboard, Mouse &Speakers

Safety Precautions:

1. Beware of electrostatic discharge(ESO)

 2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.

3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.

4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.

5. Keep the components away from moisture.

6. Avoid using pressure while installing.

BLOCK DIAGRAMOF COMPUTER

1. Cabinet:
a. It is used
to install all hardware devices like(mother board, SMPS, HDD,CD
ROM, FDD)
b. It has Start, Restart Button, Led’s, Audio and USB Connecters are
available at front side.
2. Monitor :
a. Monitor of a computer is like a television screen.
b. It displays text characters and graphics in colors or in
shades of grey.
c. The monitor is also called as screen or display or CRT
(cathode ray tube). In the monitor the screen will be
displayed in pixels format.
i. 800 by 600 pixels ii. 1024 by 768 pixels
3. Key Board:
a. Key board is like a type writer, which contains keys to feed
the data or information into the computer

b. Keyboards are available in two

modules. These are

i. standard key board with 83-88 keys

ii. enhanced key board with 104 keys or above

4. Mouse:

a. Every mouse has one primary button (left button) and one
secondary button (right button).
[Link] primary button is used to carry out most tasks, where as
secondary
button is used in special cases you
can select commands and options ii. Inkjetprinter

5. Printer:
a. A device that prints images (numbers,
alphabets, graphs, etc…) on paper is known as Printer.

b. We have different types of printers to take printouts. These

are as follows:

i. Dot matrix printer

6. Speakers:
a. Speakers make your system much more delightful to use
entertain you while
you are working on computer

7. Scanner :
a. Scanner used to scan images and text

8. System board/Motherboard
a. This is the major part of the PC hardware

b. It manages all transactions of data between CPU

Mother
peripherals.

c. which holds the Processor, Random Access Memory and

other parts, and has slots for expansion cards Board
d. It is rectangle shape

9. Socket 478:
e.
a. It use 478 – PIN MICROPGA package it is used installing
CPU

b. It is square type design.

10. CPU (Processor)
a. The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the processor. The processor is
fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various components, which support
the functioning of a PC.
b. It is brain of the computer
c. It is square shape
.

11. Ram Slots and Rams:

a. Ram slots are used to install the rams
b. It is large rectangle shape and each ending has small clips.
c. There two type ram slots
d. SD Ram;----------Two Gaps
e. DDR Ram--------One Gap
f.

g.

12. North Bridge:

a. It is also called as controller
b. It converts electronic signals to binary values and
binary values to electronic signals
c. It is near by socket 478
d. It placed middle of the mother board

13. South Bridge:

a. It is controls major components mother board and it back bone of the input out devices
b. It is communicates PCI slots, IDE-1, IDE-2, floppy
connecter, BIOS chip.
c. It near by CMOS battery

14. CMOS Battery:

a. Computer is using a coin shape battery
b. It generates the clock signal and it manage system
continues time
15. Primary & Secondary(IDE-1 & IDE-2) :
a. It is also called as IDE-1, IDE-2.
b. It used to connecting Hard Disk Dive, CD ROM, DVD ROM.

16. Input & Out put ports :

a. IO ports are used to connecting IO device such as key boards, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner, speakers etc...

17. AGP Slot & AGP Card :

a. AGP Slot is used install the AGP card.
b. AGP back view same as VGA port(15-female pins) and used to connecting the monitors
c. This slot is above PCI slots and its color is Black or Brown

18. CI Slots &PCI(Expansion) Cards :

a. PCI slots are used to install the PCI cards such as
i. LAN (Ethernet) Card---Back view Ethernet port
ii. Sound Card-Back view Audio pin connectors)

iii. (Internal) Card -Dish Pin connecter

b. PCI Slots are white or yellow color

c. PCI Card has Single gap only

19. BIOS Chip :

a. BIOS controls how the operating system and
hardware wok together
b. BIOS identification is BIOS name is available on chip or
mother board

c.
20. ATX Power connecter:
a. ATX power connecter is used to connect
ATX power plug( This is from SMPS)
b. ATX Power connecter has 20/24 pins
available.
c. It is white color and it has ATX name is
available on Mother Board
21. Floppy connecter:
a. Floppy connecter is used to connect Floppy Disk Drive.
b. This is beside of ATX power connecter and Name FDD is available on the mother board.

15. Bus Cables or Data cables :

a. A Bus is a collection of wires through which data is transmitted
from one device to another device cables are two types
b. IDE cable : it used to connect HDD,
CD ROM, DVD ROM
c. FDD cable: it used to connect FDD
(braking or manufacture defecting)

16. Hard Disk Drive:

a. The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage
device in a computer
b. The operating system, software titles and most other files are
stored in the hard disk drive
c. Identifications is the panel name is
Hard Disk dive

17. CD ROM Drive & CD-Writer:

a. CD-Rom (Compact Disk Read
only Memory) Drive is a device that reads the information from Compact
Disks (CD).
b. CD-Writer is used to write the data into Compact Disks.
c. Identification is the panel name is CD Writer

18. Floppy Disk Drive:

a. The floppy disk drive is used to read the information stored in floppy disks.
b. Floppy disks also called as a diskette.
c. Identification is smaller than CD writer.
19. SMPS:
a. SMPS is used to supply the power to
Mother Board HDD,CD ROM, FDD
b. In SMPS holds a transformer, voltage control and fan
c. Identification is the rectangular box shape and panel name is switching mode power supply.
 [Link]

TASK 2:
Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working
condition. Lab instructors should verify the work and follow it up
with a Viva. Also students need to go through the video which shows the
process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course
content.
Aim: Assembling and disassembling the system hardware components of the personal computer
Requirements:

1. CPU(Processor) 7. Speakers 13. Power Cables

2. Mother Board 8. Key Board 14. SMPS
3. Floppy Disk Drive 9. Mouse 15. Screw Driver
4. Hard Disk Drive 10. Monitor 16. Screws
5. CD or DVD ROM 11. RAM( SD or DDR) 17. Printer etc…
6. Cabinet 12. Bus Cables

Procedure:
1. Mother Board Installation:

a. Open the cabinet on either side.

b. The back side of the cabinet has readymade

provision for the installation of the I/O
shields. An I/O shield is used for connecting the
input and output devices through it.

C. Check whether the mother board is placed in such a way that

the I/O ports of the motherboard correctly fit in the I/O shields. Ensure all the specified screws for
the motherboard are fixed and intact.
 CPU Installations:
1. CPU is one of the most dedicated components of the computer. The CPU pins have to be clearly
studied before fixing into the relevant processor space on the motherboard. After the
CPU is rightly placed in its position the lever is to be locked.

2 As a part of the CPU installation, before the CPU is

fixed in the right position a lever is provided, which
needs to be unlocked. This lever is perpendicular to the
motherboard.

3 The CPU, which is a square shaped electronic

component, comes with pins below it. One should find
for an indication on one of the corners of the CPU on
both sides. This arrow mark is also found on the
motherboard which guides for the fixation of the CPU.
Once match of the pins verses motherboard slot gently
push the CPU.

4 After the CPU is rightly placed in its position, the lever

is to be locked.

CPU heat sink fan installation:

5 The CPU heat sink fan is to be carefully plugged on to

the CPU by pushing down the metal plastic clips.
 6 The metal/plastic clips provided with heat sink fan should fix on to the CPU socket and have to
be locked.
7 Once the CPU het sink fan is fixed and locked, it should be connected to the Power supply available
on the mother board through the power connector.

RAM Installation:
8 Next is installing the RAM. Insert the RAM into an available expansion socket. Note how the RAM is
keyed to the socket. This ensures the RAM can be plugged into the socket one way only. Finally press
the RAM firmly into position, making certain the Ram is completely seated in the socket.

SMPS Installations:
9 Next is installing the SMPS. This is an electronic power supply unit that provides and regulates the
power supply to all components of a computer system. As shown in the diagram the SMPS needs to
install into cabinet at the place provided for it.
10 After placing the SMPS into the relevant provider space fix the outer screws to it intact.

11 Next installing the ATX power connector. It is a 20/24-pin power connector. This is the primary power
supply to the mother board.

Hard Disk Drive Installation:

12 Installing the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is clearly understood in the following steps. First see the rare of
the HDD. It consists of the 3 types of pins. One left side the HDD has multiple pins termed as the IDE
connector. In the middle is the jumper setting pins for the HDD. On the extreme right side is the power
connector pins. Every device except FDD (floppy Disk Drive) uses this type of power connector. And
HDD and CDD (Compact Disk Drive) connected by this type of IDE cable.

13 Mount the HDD into mounting slot meant for the HDD with the rear end facing and secure the inner
screws intact.

14 Connect the IDE cable to the HDD as well as the mother board as shown in the figure.

15 Remember for all the power connectors to be plugged in, one

needs to align the Red line on the cable to Pin-1 of the IDE port.
Hence connect the power cable to the HDD rare end by
gently pushing the connector.
[Link]

Floppy Disk Drive Installation:

16 Installation of a Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) is very similar to the HDD installation. We need to identify
the relevant pins for the motherboard and power supply connectivity. First Step in the FDD installation
is mounting of the FDD into the FDD mounting slot by removing the cover of front side of the cabinet
as shown in the figure below.
17 Push the FDD case into opened of the cabinet curtaining of the FDD
18 Secure FDD with inner screws.

19 Connect the one end of cable to mother board and other to end to FDD.

20 Connect the power connector to the FDD.

CD ROM Installation:

21 Next installing the CD-ROM. Remove the cover of front side of the cabinet curtaining of the CD-
ROM.

22 Push CD-ROM case into opened space.

23 Secure CD-ROM with inner screws.

24 Connect the one end of cable to motherboard and another end to CD-ROM.

25 Connect the power connector to the CD- ROM.

Switches and LEDs Connections:

26 Installing the Switches and LEDs of front side of the cabinet. Please refer to your mother board manual to locate where the
connectors are. Different mother boards place the connectors in different locations. The connectors for the switches and
LEDs are normally grouped together. They should look similar to the figure given below.

IO Devices Installations:
27 Finally connect all peripheral devices like mouse, key-board, monitor, etc, to the I/O ports shown in the figure below.

a) Keyboard:
Keyboard has round shape connectors. The male connector appears at the edge of the keyboard‟s cable and the female
connector appears at the back side of the system unit. We are using the 6 pins round keyboard connector.
b) Mouse:
The mouse connector is same as the keyboard connector. The male connector appears at the edge of mouse cable and
female connector appears at the backside of the system. It is also having 6 pins to connect the mouse.

c) Monitor:
The monitor of computer has „D‟ shape connectors. The male Monitor connector has 15 pins and it appears at the edge of
monitor‟s cable. The female monitor connector appears at the back of the system unit.

d) Printer:
Printer connector is the oldest connector of a computer. The male printer connector has 25 pins and it appears at the edge of
the printer cable and the backside of the system unit.
 e) Audio / Speaker:
For audio effect we are using speakers. The audio male connector have single thick pin and each male connector of
individual speaker is distinguish with separate color. The male connectors appear at the edge of the speaker cables. The female audio
connectors appear in same color at the back side of the system unit. The female audio connectors have some special symbols i.e.

1. The first symbol displays “line-out”.

2. The second symbol displays “line-in”.
3. The third symbol displays “Mic-in”.

Line-out -------it sends the out put to speakers.

Line-in---------it takes the input from speakers. Mic-in -----it takes the
input from microphone.

f) Ethernet / Networking:
The Ethernet connectors are used when two or more than two computers need to be linked with other over a computer
network like LAN (local area network). The shape of male Ethernet connector is quite similar to male modem connector except it is
more flat. The female Ethernet connector appears at the back of the system unit.
g) USB:
USB (universal serial bus) is the latest and most popular connector. Using USB connectors, we can connect so many different
devices to our computer. Any device equipped with USB has slim male connector with slim metal coating appearing at the end of the
devices cable. For connecting the device, a female USB connector is provided at the back of the system unit. We can identify the
USB connector with this symbol.

USB: Ethernet / Networking:

Why should one learn about hardware?

1. Troubleshoot you and save time.

2. Knowing about system internals and components.

3. Very easy installation for modern Hardware.

4. Install extra memory.

 5. Removing components.

TESTDATA: No Test Data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: Assembling and disassembling the system is completed

Viva Q &A:

1) Define hardware?
2) Define software?
3) What are the functional units of a computer?
4) IDE Stands for
5) What are the other names for LAN card
6) What is the use of LAN card?

TASK 3:
Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab
instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.
AIM: To install Windows XP

Software Requirement: Windows XP Compact Disc

Hardware Requirement:

Personal computer

PROCEDURE:

1. Keep on press the delete button and go to advanced

BIOS feature [ BIOS- Basic Input Output System]
2. And go to boot sequence. Select first boot [Link] ROM
and press F10 to save the bios feature. Yes and then enter.
Press any key to boot from CD. Press enter to set up
windows XP.
F8=To agree the license.

3. Press ESC to don‘t repair the windows XP setup.

4. Press ‗p‘ to delete the previous partitions. Then press enter.

5. Press ‗L‘ to delete the partition.

6. Press ‗C‘ to create the partition in the UN partition space.

7. Press enter to setup windows XP on the selected items.

BASIC FILE SYSTEMS:

FAT: File Allocation Table.

NTFS: New Technology File System.

Format the create using NTFS partition.
BASIC STEPS IN INSTALLATION:-
1. Collecting information.

2. Dynamic update

3. Preparing installation
 4. Installing windows.

5. Tracking installation

Screen shots of windows XP Installation

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer. If
prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it only
appears for a few seconds), restart your computer to try again.

2. Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your mouse will not
work, so you must use the keyboard. On the Welcome to Setup page, press
ENTER
 3. On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the licensing
agreement. Press the PAGEDOWN key to scroll to the bottom of the agreement.
Then pressF8.

4. This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which Windows XP will be
installed. Once you complete this step, all data on your hard disk drive will be
removed and cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recent
backup copy of your files before continuing. When you have a backup copy, press D,
[Link]

Select Un partitioned space, which appears by default.

5. Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the NTFS file system,
which appears by default.

6. Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and then
copies the setup files. You can leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes.

7. Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation process. From this
point forward, you can use your mouse. Eventually, the Regional and Language
Options page appears .Click next to accept the default settings. If you are multilingual
or prefer a language other than English, you can change language settings after setup is
complete

8. On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your organization
name. Some programs use this information to automatically fill in your name when
required. Then, click Next.
9. On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it appears on your
Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP installation.
Then, click Next.

10. On the Computer Name and Administrator Password page, in the Computer
name box, type a name that uniquely identifies your computer in your house, such as
FAMILYROOM or TOMS. You cannot use spaces or punctuation. If you connect
your computer to a network, you will use this computer name to find shared files
and printers. Type a strong password that you can remember in the Administrator
password box, and then retype it in the Confirm password box. Write the
password down and store it in a secure place. Click Next.
11. On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computer‘s clock. Then, click the

Time Zone down arrow, and select your time zone. Click Next.

12. Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your computer. On the
Networking Settings page, click Next.
13. On the Work group or Computer Domain page, click Next.

[Link] XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your computer and will

Automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings dialog appears, click
OK

14. When the Monitor Settings dialog box appears, click OK.
15. The final stage of set up begins. On the Welcome to Microsoft Windows
page, click Next.

16. On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my PC by turning
on Automatic Updates now. Then, click
17. Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the Internet: If you are
connected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection on
the Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a network?
Page. If you‘re not sure, accept the default selection, and click Next

18. If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP cannot connect to the
Internet, you can connect to the Internet after setup is complete. On the How will
this computer connect to the Internet? Page, click Skip.
19. Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate Windows? Page. If you are
connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected
to the Internet, click No, click Next, and then skip to step 24. After setup is complete,
Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your copy of
Windows XP

20. On the Ready to register with Microsoft? Page, click Yes, and then click Next.
21. On the collecting registration information page, complete the form.
Then, click Next.

22. On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of each person who will
use the computer. You can use first names only, nicknames, or full names. Then click
Next. To add users after setup is complete or to specify a password to keep your
account private, read Create and customize user accounts.
 23. On the Thank you! Page, click Finish.

Congratulations! Windows XP setup is complete.

TEST DATA: No Test data for thisExperiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: Installation of Windows XP is completed