ITWS
ITWS
or
● The computer is a machine that processes data according to
a set of instructions that are stored either temporarily or
permanently.
Block Diagram of Computer
Introduction to Computer Hardware:
● Input devices: which is used to enter data & instructions into computer.
● Output Devices: which is used to get the data from computer or display the
generated information.
● CPU: it acts as the computer brain. It responsible for the overall working of
all components of the computer. It can be called as the heart of a computer
system.
● Storage Devices: which are used to store data and instructions given to the
computer.
i. Primary storage
circuits(IC‘s).
based.
● A letter
● A number
● A special character or symbol, or
● A space
Basic Units of Measurement
❖ bit = 0 or 1
❖ 8 bits = 1 byte
❖ 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (K or KB)
❖ 1,024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB)
❖ 1,024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
❖ 1,024 GB = 1 Terabyte (TB)
● Computer is an electronic machine with the
combination of hardware & software components.
Software :
● Software is a set of programs or instructions that allows
Hardware to do specific job.
i. System software
● Cabinet ( CPU )
● Monitor
● Keyboard
● Mouse
● External devices.
Cabinet ( CPU )
● There is a cabinet for every computer.
● monitors were used for data processingmonitors were used for data
processing while television sets were used for entertainment
● This is the input device like a type writer, which contains keys
to feed the data or information into the computer.
❖ Every mouse has one primary button (left button) and one
secondary button (right button).
5. Ribbon Cables
6. RAM
7. CPU
8. Heat Sink/Cooler Fan
9. Mother Board
●6
● It is rectangle shape .
● If you don't have enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is
slow-running when you have several programs open.
● DDR stands for double data rate, and it refers to how much data the memory can
transfer in one clock cycle.
RAM Slots :
● Ram slots are used to install the rams
● It is large rectangle shape and each ending has small clips.
North Bridge:
● A Northbridge is one of the two chips in the core
logic chipset architecture on a PC and motherboard
● Adapter cards are installed in this slot like Display card, Sound
card, Network Interface card, etc
PCI(Expansion) Slots :
● PCI (Peripheral component interconnect) slots are used to
install the PCI cards such as
44
Types of Ports :
● Serial Port:- It is nine pin connector used for connecting peripheral
devices such as mice, gaming controllers, modems, and older
printers.
● 11
● HDD 2.5” and 1.8” are used in Notebook and Laptop
Computers and 3.5” in Desktop Computers.
● CD/DVD drive(s) are used to read/write data, where files are stored
permanently.
● CD-Writer is used to write the data into Compact Disks only once.
Floppy Disk Drive :
● The floppy disk drive is used to read the information stored in
floppy disks.