DESIGN OF SLAB

FOR
TYPE I BUILDING
 Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 6.5197 kPa
Live Load (LL) 1.9 kPa
Long Direction (Lb) 5.7 m
Short Direction (La) 4m
Depth at short 154 mm
Depth at long 142 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.75
𝛌 1
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)
L L
> 2, One Way, < 2, Two Way
S S

5.7
= 01.425 < 2, therefore, 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛
4

Thickness, h

2(La + Lb) 2(4000 + 5700)

h= = = 107.7778 mm = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐦
180 180

𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞, 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

Effective Depth, d
 1 1
d1 = h − cc − (db) d1 = 125 − 20 − (12) = 99 mm
2 2
1 1
d2 = h − cc − db − (db) d2 = 125 − 20 − 12 − (12) = 87mm
2 2
Factored Load, 𝛚𝐮

ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

ωu = 1.2 (6.5197) + 1.6 (1.9)

𝛚𝐮 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Check if adequate for shear

Wa = 0.68
Wb = 0.32
Vu = 21.0538 − 7.3873 (0.099)
Vu = 20.3225 kN

ϕVu = 0.75 (0.17λ√f′cbwd

ϕVu = 0.75(0.17)(1)(√35)(1000)(99)
ϕVu = 74.6758 kN
74.6758 > 20.3225
𝛟𝐕𝐮 > 𝐕𝐮, , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫
Moment Coefficient Values

Using Case 8

𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠
0.068 0.029
Calculation of Negative Moment at Continuous Edge

𝐌𝐚 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐚 𝐌𝐚 = (𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖)(𝟒𝟐 )

𝐌𝐚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

𝐌𝐛 = 𝛚𝐮 𝐂𝐛𝐧𝐞𝐠 𝐥𝟐𝐛 Mb = (10.8626)(0.029)(5.72 )

Mb = 10.2359 kN − m
Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction

𝐚
𝐌𝐚 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
a
11.8197x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2

a = 4.5643 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

(0.85)(35)(4.5643)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟐𝟑. 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits
 1.4 1.4
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( ) (1000)(99)
fy 420
Asmin = 330 mm2
√f′c √35
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
4(fy) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction

𝐚
𝐌𝐛 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 = (𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝐟 ′ 𝐜)(𝐚)(𝐛)(𝐝 − )
𝟐
 a
10.2359x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2

a = 4.5111 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

0.85(35)(4.5111)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟑 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
319.5363

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars
 As
N=
Ab

319.5363
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Positive Moment at Midspan

Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment

CaDL CbDL
0.040 0.011
Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment
CaLL CbLL
0.054 0.014
 Dead Load Live Load
Ma,DL = ωu Ca l2a Ma,LL = ωu Ca l2a
Ma = (7.8236)(0.04)(42 ) Ma = (3.04)(0.054)(42 )
Ma = 5.0072 kN − m Ma = 2.6266 kN − m

Mb,DL = ωu Ca l2a Mb,LL = ωu Ca l2a

Mb = (7.8236)(0.011)(5.72 ) Mb = (3.04)(0.014)(5.72 )
Mb = 2.7961 kN − m Mb = 1.3828 kN − m
Ma,DL + Mb,DL = 7.6338 kN − m Ma,lL + Mb,lL = 4.1789 kN − m

Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
a
Ma x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(f ′ c)(a)(b)(d − )
2
a
7.6338x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
 a = 2.923 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

(0.85)(35)(2.923)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟖 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

1.4 1.4
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( ) (1000)(99)
fy 420
Asmin = 330 mm2
√f′c √35
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
4(fy) 4 420)
(
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
 348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
a
Mb x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(f ′ c)(a)(b)(d − )
2
a
4.1789x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
a = 1.8128 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

(0.85)(35)(1.8128)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

1.4 1.4
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( ) (1000)(87)
fy 420
Asmin = 290 mm2
√f′c √35
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
4(fy) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits
 Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

306.3684
N= π
(12)2
4

𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 3-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

Calculation of Negative Moment at Discontinuous Edge

1 1
Ma = (Positive moment) Ma = (7.6338)
3 3
Ma = 2.5446 kN − m
1 1
Mb = (Positive moment) Mb = (4.1789)
3 3
Mb = 1.3930 kN − m
Flexural Reinforcements

 Short Direction
a
Ma x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(f ′ c)(a)(b)(d − )
2
a
2.5446x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.9647 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

(0.85)(35)(0.9647)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟗 𝐦𝐦𝟐 Check Limits

 1.4 1.4
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( ) (1000)(99)
fy 420
Asmin = 330 mm2
√f′c √35
Asmin = ( )(bd) Asmin = ( )(1000)(99)
4(fy) 4(420)
Asmin = 348.6261 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
348.6261

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab

348.6261
N= π
( )2
4 12

𝐍 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 4-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 250 mm O.C.

 Long Direction
a
Mb x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(f ′ c)(a)(b)(d − )
2
a
1.3930x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(87 − )
2
 a = 0.6001 mm

C=T

0.85f ′ cab = Asfy

(0.85)(35)(0.6001)(1000) = As(420)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝟕𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

𝟏. 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟒
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) 𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( ) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟖𝟕)
𝐟𝐲 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
√𝐟′𝐜 √35
𝐀𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐧 = ( )(𝐛𝐝) Asmin = ( )(1000)(87)
𝟒(𝐟𝐲) 4(420)
Asmin = 306.3684 mm2
Choose larger value.
Determine the Spacing

Ab
Spacing = x1000
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 x1000
306.3684

𝐒 = 𝟑𝟔𝟗. 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Check Limits

Smax = 2h or 450

Smax = 2(125) or 450

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

𝐀𝐬
𝐍=
𝐀𝐛

306.3684
N= π
( )2
4 12
 𝐍 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Type 1 – Two-way Slab (1-2S)

Short Direction Spacing (O.C)
Negative Moment at
250 mm
Continuous
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm
Negative Moment at
250 mm
Discontinuous
Long Direction Spacing (O.C)
Negative Moment at
250 mm
Continuous
Positive Moment at Midspan 250 mm
Negative Moment at
250 mm
Discontinuous

Design Parameters
Dead Load (DL) 4.4391 kPa
L 3.6 m
W 1.3 m
Effective Depth 99 mm
bw 1000 mm
f’c 35
fy 420 Mpa
h 125 mm
Φ 0.9
Concrete Cover 20 mm
⌀ of rebar 12 mm

Determining if One Way of Two Way Slab

Ratio of Short Span to Long Span (Rule of Thumb)

L L
> 2, One Way, < 2, Two Way
S S
4.25
= 2.5758 > 2, therefore, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛
1.65
Thickness at One End Continuous, h
L 1650
h= = = 68.75 mm = 𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐦
24 24
𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞, 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛.
Factored Load, Wu

ωu = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

ωu = 1.2 (4.4391) + 1.6 (0)

𝛚𝐮 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Calculation of Shear Reinforcements

END SPAN
Shear
𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 1.15Wu ln
𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 2
𝐕𝐮 3.9819 kN

Vu = ΦVc

ΦVc = 0.75 (0.17)λ√f′cbwd

3.9819x103 = 0.75(0.17)(1)√35(1000)(d)

d = 5.2789 mm

5.2789 mm < 125 mm

𝐝 < 𝐡 ∴ 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐛 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞

Calculation of Positive and Negative Moments for Main Reinforcements

END SPAN
Positive Moment
Discontinuous end unrestrained Wu ln2
11
 Mu positive 1.9983 kN − m
Negative Moment
Exterior face of first interior support
More than two spans Wu ln2
10
Mu negative 2.1982 kN − m

Main Reinforcements at the Bottom

a
Mux106 = (0.9)(0.85)f′cab(99 − )
2
a
1.9983 x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.7568 mm
a
Mu = 0.9Asfy (d − )
2
0.7568
1.9983 x106 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

Check Limits

Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.

Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐

0.0018x420 0.0018x420
(Ag) (125,000) = 225
fy 420

0.0014Ag 0.0014(125,000) = 175

Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

Ab
S= (1000)
As
 π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits

Smax = 3h or 450

Smax = 3(125) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.

Main Reinforcements at the Top

a
Mux106 = (0.9)(0.85)f′cab(d − )
2
a
2.1982x106 = (0.9)(0.85)(35)(a)(1000)(99 − )
2
a = 0.8328 mm
a
Mu = 0.9Asfy (d − )
2
0.8328
2.1982x106 = 0.9(As)(420) (99 − )
2
𝐀𝐬 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Check Limits
Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 125 x1000 = 125,000 mm2
 0.0018x420 0.0018x420
(Ag) (125,000) = 225
fy 420

0.0014Ag 0.0014(125,000) = 175

Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

Ab
S= (1000)
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
𝐒 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦 ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Check Limits

Smax = 3h or 450

Smax = 3(125) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 375 mm O.C.

For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements

Since ≥ 420, therefore, use Deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement.
Ag = b x h = 180 x1000 = 125,000 mm2

0.0018x420 0.0018x420
(Ag) (125,000) = 225
fy 420
 0.0014Ag 0.0014(125,000) = 175

Choose larger value.

Determine the Spacing

Ab
S= (1000)
As
π
(12)2
S= 4 (1000)
225
S = 502.6544 mm ≈ 500 mm
Check Limits

Smax = 5h or 450

Smax = 5(125) = 450 mm

Number of Bars

As
N=
Ab
225
N=π
( )2
4 12
𝐍 = 1.99 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

Therefore, use 2-12 mm diameter bars spaced at 450 mm O.C.

Summary of the Values of the Design of Critical One-way Slab Member

Type 3 – One-way Slab (3-1S)

Spacing
Number of Bars
(O.C)
Top Bars 375 mm 10 pcs
Bottom Bars 375 mm 10 pcs
Shrinkage and Temperature 450 mm 3 pcs
DESIGN OF BEAM
FOR
TYPE I BUILDING
END SPAN

PARAMETERS VALUES
d 540 mm
𝜷 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 350 mm
𝐟𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐱 1000 Mpa
Diameter of Main Bar 28 mm
Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 476 mm
Mu 690.65 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
 Cmax = 8 (d)
3
Cmax = (476)
8
Cmax = 178.5 mm
 amax = βCmax
amax = (0.80)(178.5)
amax = 142.8 mm
f′ smax −fy
 φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
1000−fy

1000 − 420
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
1000 − 420
φmax = 0.90
amax
 Mumaxx106 = (φmax)(0.85f ′ camaxb)(d − )
2
142.8
Mumaxx106 = (0.90) [(0.85)(35)(142.8)(350) (476 − )]
2
Mumax = 541.4416 kN − m
690. 65 > 541.44
Mu > Mumax
Since Mu > Mumax, therefore, design as DRB.
2. Determine the Nominal Moment
 Mu
 Mn = φ

690.65
Mn =
0.90
Mn = 767.3889 kN − m
Mumax
 Mnmax = φ

541.4416
Mnmax =
0.90
Mnmax = 601.6018 kN − m
 Mn1 = Mnmax
Mn1 = 601.6018 kN − m
 Mn2 = Mn − Mn1

Mn2 = 767.3889 − 601.6018

Mn2 = 165.7871 kN − m

3. Determine the As1

Ccmax = Tsmax
0.85f ′ camax b = Asfy
(0.85)[(35)(142.8)(350)] = As1(420)
As1 = 3540.25 mm2
4. Determine the As2

db
d′ = cc + ds +
2

28
d′ = 40 + 10 + = 64 mm
2

Mn2 = (As2)(fy)(d − d′ )

165.7871x106 = As2(420)(476 − 64)

As2 = 958.0855 mm2

5. Stress Check
 d−c
fs = 600 ( )
c

476 − 178.5
fs = 600 ( ) = 1000 Mpa
178.5

fs ≥ 1000

1000 ≥ 1000

Since fs ≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

′
c − d′
f s = 600 ( )
c

178.5 − 64
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 384.8739 Mpa
178.5

f ′ s ≤ 1000

384.8739 ≤ 1000

Since f ′ s ≤ 1000, therefore, steel does not yield.

6. Determine the Area of Steel

As = As1 + As2

As = 3540.25 + 958.0855

As = 4498.3355 mm2

7. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

A′ sf ′ s = As2fy

A′ s(384.8739) = (958.0855)(420)

A′s = 1045.5265 mm2

 Check Limits
 1.4 √𝑓′𝑐
Asmin = (b)(d) Asmin = (b)(d)
fy 4fy
1.4
Asmin = (350)(476) √35
420 Asmin = (350)(476)
4(420)
Asmin = 555.3333 mm2
Asmin = 586.6779 mm2

Therefore, use the value of:

As = 4498.3355 mm2

A′s = 1045. 5265 mm2

8. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Top)

As
N=
Ab

4498.3355
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟒 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 For Compression bars (Bottom)

A′s
N=
Ab

1045.5265
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

MID SPAN

PARAMETERS VALUES
d 540 mm
𝜷 0.80
fy 420 Mpa
f’c 35 Mpa
b 350 mm
 𝐟𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐱 1000 Mpa
Diameter of Main Bar 28 mm
Diameter of Stirrups 10 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
Effective Depth 476 mm
Mu 543.92 kN-m

1. Check if to be designed as SRB or DRB.

3
 Cmax = 8 (d)
3
Cmax = (476)
8
Cmax = 178.5 mm
 amax = βCmax
amax = (0.80)(178.5)
amax = 142.8 mm
f′ s −fy
 max
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( 1000−fy )

1000 − 420
φmax = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
1000 − 420
φmax = 0.90
amax
 Mumaxx106 = (φmax)(0.85f ′ camaxb)(d − )
2
142.8
Mumaxx106 = (0.90) [(0.85)(35)(142.8)(350) (476 − )]
2
Mumax = 541.4416 kN − m
543.92 > 541.4416
Mu > Mumax
Since Mu > Mumax, therefore, design as DRB.
2. Determine the Nominal Moment
Mu
 Mn = φ

543.92
Mn =
0.90
Mn = 604.3556 kN − m
Mumax
 Mnmax = φ
 541.4416
Mnmax =
0.90
Mnmax = 601.6018 kN − m
 Mn1 = Mnmax
Mn1 = 601.6018 kN − m
 Mn2 = Mn − Mn1

Mn2 = 604.3556 − 601.6018

Mn2 = 2.7538 kN − m

3. Determine the As1

Ccmax = Tsmax
0.85f ′ camax b = Asfy
(0.85)[(35)(142.8)(350)] = As1(420)
As1 = 3540.25 mm2
4. Determine the As2

db
d′ = cc + ds +
2

28
d′ = 40 + 10 + = 64 mm
2

Mn2 = (As2)(fy)(d − d′ )

2.7538x106 = As2(420)(476 − 64)

As2 = 15.9141 mm2

5. Stress Check

d−c
fs = 600 ( )
c

476 − 178.5
fs = 600 ( ) = 1000 Mpa
178.5

fs ≥ 1000
 1000 ≥ 1000

Since fs ≥ 1000, therefore, Tension Controlled

c − d′
f ′ s = 600 ( )
c

178.5 − 64
f ′ s = 600 ( ) = 384.8739 Mpa
178.5

f ′ s ≤ 1000

384.8739 ≤ 1000

Since f ′ s ≤ 1000, therefore, steel does not yield.

6. Determine the Area of Steel

As = As1 + As2

As = 3540.25 + 15.9141

As = 3556.1641 mm2

7. Since compression steel does not yield, recompute for A’s.

A′ sf ′ s = As2fy

A′ s(384.8739) = (15.9141)(420)

A′ s = 15.9141 mm2

 Check Limits

1.4 √𝑓′𝑐
Asmin = (b)(d) Asmin = (b)(d)
fy 4fy
1.4
Asmin = (350)(476) √35
420 Asmin = (350)(476)
4(420)
Asmin = 555.3333 mm2
Asmin = 586.6779 mm2

Therefore, use the value of:

 As = 3556.1641 mm2

A′ s = 586. 6778 mm2

8. Determine the number of bars

 For Tension bars (Bottom)

As
N=
Ab

3556.1641
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟑 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 For Compression bars (Top)

A′s
N=
Ab

586.6779
N= π
( )
4 28 2

𝐍 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬

 DESIGN OF
COLUMN FOR
TYPE I BUILDING
 Design Parameters
ρ 0.04
L 500 mm2
W 500 mm2
f’c 35 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Mu 368.76 kN − m
Pu 5123.49 kN
Vu 144.19 kN
d 436 mm
Concrete Cover 40 mm
⌀ of rebar 28 mm
⌀ of ties 10 mm
Number of Legs 2

Determine the Parameters

Required nominal axial and moment strength of column
Pu
Pn =
ϕ
5123.49 kN
Pn = = 7882.2923 kN
0.65
Mu
Mn =
ϕ
368.76 kN − m
Mn = = 567.3208 kN − m
0.65
Parameters of the column interaction diagram
γh = h − 2(concrete cover) − 2(dia. of lateral ties) − dia. of main rebars
γh = 500 − 2(40) − 2(10) − 28 = 372 mm
γh 372 mm
γ= = = 0.744 = 𝟎. 𝟕
h 500 mm
Pn 7882.2923x103
Kn = = = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟖
f′cAg (35)(500)2

Mn 567.3208x106
Rn = = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟕
f′cAgh (35)(500)2 (500)
Required Area of Steel Reinforcements

Ast = ρAg

Ag = (500)(500) = 250,000 mm2

Ast = 0.04(250,000)

Ast = 10,000 mm2

Po = 0.85f ′ c(Ag − Ast) + Astfy
Po = (0.85)(35)(250,000 − 10,000 ) + 10,000(420)

Po = 11,340 kN

Pn = 0.80Po = 0.80(11,340) = 9,072 kN

ϕPn = 0.65(9,072) = 5896.8 kN

 5896.8 kN > 5123.49 kN
Therefore, 𝛟𝐏𝐧 > Pu.
Number of Bars:
10,000
N=π = 16.2403 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟕 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬
(28)2
4

For equal distribution, use 20 bars.

Maximum Spacing of Ties:

a. 16db = 16(28) = 440 mm
b. 48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm
c. Least column dimension = 600 mm

𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐒𝐭 = 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦 (𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐞)

Maximum Spacing of Column End Hoop:
1 1
a. of Least column dimension = (600) = 150 mm
4 4

b. 6db = 6(28) = 168 ≈ 160 mm

c. 100

∴ 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦

Reinforcement Limits

π
As = (db)2 (N)
4
π
As = (28)2 (20) = 12,315.0432 mm2
4
Asmin = (0.01Ag) = (0.01(250,000)) = 2,500 mm2

Asmax = (0.08Ag) = (0.08(250,000)) = 20,800 mm2

𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝑨𝒔 < 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙, Adequate

Shear Reinforcements
Vu = 144.19 kN
Effective depth, d:

d = W − concrete cover − ⌀ of ties − 1⁄2 ⌀ rebar

= 500 − 40 − 10 − 14
d = 436 mm
Vu < Φ(Vc + Vs)

Vc = 0.17√f′cbwd = 0.17√35(500)(436) = 219.2499 kN

π π
Av = (dt)2 (No. of legs) = (10)2 (2) = 157.0796 mm2
4 4
Av fytd (157.0796)(280)(436)
VS = = = 191.7628 kN
S (hoop spacing) 100
ΦVn = 0.75 (Vc + Vs) = 0.75(219.2499 + 191.7628) = 308.2595 kN
144.19 kN < 308.2595 kN
Vu < ΦVn
Therefore, 𝐕𝐮 < 𝚽𝐕𝐧, adequate.
Summary of Column Design
Column Dimension 500x500 mm
Diameter of Rebar 28 mm
No. of Bars 20 pcs.
Spacing of Ties 440 mm
Spacing of End Hoops 100 mm
DESIGN OF MAT
FOOTING FOR
TYPE I BUILDING
 Ultimate Design Axial Load for Type I Building

Pu in all Columns (Kn)

𝑃𝑢𝐴 4214.2 𝑃𝑢𝑊 3321.8 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑠 4709.7 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑜 4465.1
𝑃𝑢𝐵 3767.2 𝑃𝑢𝑋 3330.1 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑡 4842.3 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑝 3745.2
𝑃𝑢𝐶 3877.4 𝑃𝑢𝑌 3063.5 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑢 4838.2 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑞 3736.7
𝑃𝑢𝐷 3893.6 𝑃𝑢𝑍 4465.1 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑣 4723.6 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑟 3715.5
𝑃𝑢𝐸 3906.4 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑎 4772.7 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑤 4761.4 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑠 3718.2
𝑃𝑢𝐹 5073.8 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑏 4792.4 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑥 4816 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑡 5281.2
𝑃𝑢𝐺 1684.9 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑐 4792.8 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑦 4816 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑢 4986.8
𝑃𝑢𝐻 1605.3 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑑 4788.5 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑧 4631.4 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑣 4039
𝑃𝑢𝐼 4706.3 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑒 4609.7 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑎 2757.7 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑤 3933.1
𝑃𝑢𝐽 3888.9 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑓 2787 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑏 3149.7 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑥 3936.8
𝑃𝑢𝐾 3894.7 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑔 3175.5 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑐 4754.8 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑦 5303.4
𝑃𝑢𝐿 3890.2 𝑃𝑢𝐴ℎ 4731.6 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑑 4871.3 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑧 4931.2
𝑃𝑢𝑀 4705 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑖 4861.5 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑒 4812.4 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑎 3890.7
𝑃𝑢𝑁 1610.7 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑗 4806.9 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑓 4853.2 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑏 3898.8
𝑃𝑢𝑂 1693.4 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑘 4850.2 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑔 4667.7 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑐 3884.6
𝑃𝑢𝑃 5129.3 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑙 4657 𝑃𝑢𝐵ℎ 3124.6 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑑 4908.7
𝑃𝑢𝑄 3922.4 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑚 3155.3 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑖 2748.9 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑒 5232
𝑃𝑢𝑅 3926.6 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑛 2784 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑗 4597.8 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑓 3900.4
𝑃𝑢𝑆 4033.6 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑜 4610.2 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑘 4714.1 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑔 3893.6
𝑃𝑢𝑇 4983.9 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑝 4726.1 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑙 4781.5 𝑃𝑢𝐶ℎ 3879.1
𝑃𝑢𝑈 5287.2 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑞 4793.8 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑚 4794.7 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑖 3768.6
𝑃𝑢𝑉 3047.8 𝑃𝑢𝐴𝑟 4751.7 𝑃𝑢𝐵𝑛 4776.7 𝑃𝑢𝐶𝑗 4217.4

Design Parameters for Mat Footing Calculation

Design Parameters
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, 𝒒𝒂 242 kPa
f’c 48 Mpa
fy 420 Mpa
Φ 0.9
Depth of Soil, 𝑯𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 6m
Concrete Cover 75 mm
Total Pressure 366,180 kN
Location of Columns in Type I Building
Determine the sum of column strips
 Long Direction

Summary of Column Strips for Long Direction

Sum of Column Strips
A to U 79,695 kN
V to Y 12,763.20 kN
Z to At 92,464 kN
Au to Bo 92,456.80 kN
Bp to Bs 14,915.60 kN
Bt to Cj 73,885.40 kN
Maximum Column Strip 92,464 kN
 Short Direction

Summary of Column Strips for Short Direction

Summary of Column Strips
A, Z, Au, Bt 18798.7 kN
B, Aa, Av, Bu 18250.3 kN
C, Ab, Aw, Bv 17470.2 kN
D, Ac, Ax, Bw 17435.5 kN
E, Ad, Ay, Bx 17447.7 kN
F, Ae, Az, By 19618.3 kN
G, V, Af, Ba, Bp 14022.6 kN
H, W, Ag, Bb, Bq 14989 kN
I, Ah, Bc, Bz 19123.9 kN
J, Ai, Bd, Ca 17512.4 kN
K, Aj, Be, Cb 17412.8 kN
L, Ak, Bf, Cc 17478.2 kN
M, Al, Bg, Cd 18938.4 kN
N, X, Am, Bh, Br 14936.2 kN
O, Y, Am, Bi, Bs 14008 kN
P, Ao, Bj, Ce 19569.3 kN
Q, Ap, Bk, Cf 17263 kN
R, Aq, Bl, Cg 17395.5 kN
S, Ar, Bm, Ch 17459.1 kN
T, As, Bn, Ci 18238.9 kN
U, At, Bo, Cj 18812 kN
Maximum Column Strip 19618.3 kN

For Long Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 366,180 kN
Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
366,180
qT = = 218.6802 kN/m3
85x19.7
Determine the Steel Requirement in Long Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
3.75 3.3
Tributary width = + = 3.525 m
2 2
PT = (233.1169)(3.525)(84) = 69025.9091 kN
Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip

Average load =
2
65,522.0558 + 92,464
Average load = = 78,993.0279 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
78,993.0279
q mod = (218.6802) ( ) = 263.6396 kN/m3
69,025.9091
Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
78,993.0279
F= = 0.8543
92,464
Factored Loads on Column

Table 23.
Factored Loads
Pu in Columns x Load
Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu Z 4465.1 3814.5848
Pu Aa 4772.7 4077.370916
Pu Ab 4792.4 4094.200846
 Pu Ac 4792.8 4094.54257
Pu Ad 4788.5 4090.869032
Pu Ae 4609.7 3938.118195
Pu Af 2787 2380.965228
Pu Ag 3175.5 2712.865117
Pu Ah 4731.6 4042.258727
Pu Ai 4861.5 4153.233747
Pu Aj 4806.9 4106.588358
Pu Ak 4850.2 4143.580031
Pu Al 4657 3978.527113
Pu Am 3155.3 2695.608031
Pu An 2784 2378.402294
Pu Ao 4610.2 3938.545351
Pu Ap 4726.1 4037.560015
Pu Aq 4793.8 4095.396881
Pu Ar 4751.7 4059.430381
Pu As 4709.7 4023.549312
Pu At 4842.3 4136.830973
Sum of Pu 78993.0275

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Long Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn
Pu Z 3814.5848 0 0
Pu Aa 4077.370916 4 16309.48
Pu Ab 4094.200846 8 32753.61
Pu Ac 4094.54257 12 49134.51
Pu Ad 4090.869032 16 65453.90
Pu Ae 3938.118195 20 78762.36
Pu Af 2380.965228 23.95 57024.12
Pu Ag 2712.865117 28 75960.22
Pu Ah 4042.258727 32 129352.28
Pu Ai 4153.233747 36 149516.41
Pu Aj 4106.588358 40 164263.53
Pu Ak 4143.580031 44 182317.52
Pu Al 3978.527113 48 190969.30
Pu Am 2695.608031 52 140171.62
Pu An 2378.402294 56.05 133309.45
Pu Ao 3938.545351 60 236312.72
Pu Ap 4037.560015 64 258403.84
Pu Aq 4095.396881 68 278486.99
 Pu Ar 4059.430381 72 292278.99
Pu As 4023.549312 76 305789.75
Pu At 4136.830973 80 330946.48
Sum 78993.0275 - 3167517.09

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥̄) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥̄𝑛 )

(78993.0275)(𝑥̄) = 3167517.09
𝑥̄ = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒎
Length of Long Span, L = 80 m
Additional offset distance = 2.5 m

𝐿 80
= = 40 𝑚 < 𝑥̄ , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥̄ − = 0.09869 𝑚
2
Modified offset distance:
Left side = 2.5 − e = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝐦
Right side = 2.5 + e = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝐦

Factored Soil Pressure

𝑃𝑢 78993.0275 𝒌𝑵
= = 𝟗𝟐𝟗. 𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟕
𝐿 85 𝒎

Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation in Long Direction

The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
4861.5 kN. Therefore, U = 4861.5 kN or 4.8615 MN.

U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c
 d d d
4.8615 = (2(( + 0.45 + ) + ( + 0.45
2 2 2
d
+ ))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
4.8615 = (2(d + 0.45 + d + 0.45))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.8615 = (2(2d + 0.9))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
4.8615 = (4d + 1.8)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.5859 m ≈ 0.590 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also

considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.590 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.697 ≈ 0.7 m

Determination of Reinforcements
Illustrated in the Figure 43 is the shear and moment diagram for finding the

maximum positive moment using the factored loads of the Type I Building for Long

Direction

Shear and Moment Diagram of Long Direction in Type I Building

 As shown in the Figure 42 above is the shear and moment diagram for Long

direction. Indicated in the figure is the maximum positive moment which resulted

as Mu = 3,782.11 kN-m

3,782.11
M ′ =. = 1072.939 kN − m/m
3.525
Solve for Steel Ratio
Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
1072.939x106
Rn = = 3.4248
(0.9)(1000)(590)2
0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(3.4248)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.008529
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax

ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( ) 0.85(48) 600
fy fy + 600 = 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio
√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4
ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟗

Solving for Area of Steel

As = ρbd
As = (0.008529)(1000)(590) = 5031.9176 m𝑚2
Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab
 5031.9176
n=π = 6.2567 say 7 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (7 bars )(19.7 m) = 137.9
say 138 bars for long direction.
Solve for Spacing

L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
19700 − 2(75)
s= = 141.6667 ≈ 140 mm
138
Therefore, use 7-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 140 mm

For Short Direction

Determine the Total Pressure
Pu = 366,180 kN

Determine the Soil pressure under entire foundation

Sum of Column Loads

qT =
Area of Mat Foundation
366,180
qT = = 218.6802 kN/m3
85x19.7
Determine the Steel Requirement in Short Direction
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
PT = (q T )(tributary width of the strip)(length)
4 3.95
Tributary width = + = 3.975 m
2 2
PT = (218.6802 )(3.975)(19.7) = 17,124.2998 kN
Determine the Average Load

PT + Sum of column loads on strip

Average load =
2
17,124.2998 + 19,618.3
Average load = = 18,371.2999 kN
2
Modified Soil reaction for strip

Average Load
q mod = q T ( )
PT
18,371.2999
q mod = (218.6802) ( ) = 234.6046 kN/m3
17,124.2998
Column Load Factor

Average Load
F=
Sum of Column Loads on Strip
18371.2999
F= = 0.9364
19618.3
Factored Load on Columns

Factored Loads
Pu in Columns x Load Pu Factored Pu
Factor
Pu F 5073.8 4751.293534
Pu Az 4631.4 4337.01385
Pu Ae 4609.7 4316.69317
Pu By 5303.4 4966.299446
Sum of Pu 18371.2999

Sum of Pu & Punxn at Short Direction

Pu Factored Pu (kN) Location, xn (m) Pun • xn
Pu F 4751.293534 0 0
Pu Az 4337.01385 5.7 24720.98
Pu Ae 4316.69317 9 38850.24
Pu By 4966.299446 14.7 73004.60
Sum 18371.2999 - 136575.82

(𝛴𝑃𝑢)(𝑥̄) = 𝛴(𝑃𝑢𝑛 𝑥̄𝑛 )

(18371.2999)(𝑥̄) = 136575.82
𝑥̄ = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟐 𝒎
Length of Short Span, L = 14.7 m
Additional offset distance, = 2.5 m

𝐿 14.7
= = 7.35 𝑚 < 𝑥̄ , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐶𝑔
2 2
𝐿
𝑒 = 𝑥̄ − = 0.08419 𝑚
2

Modified offset distance:

Left side = 2.5 − e = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟖 𝐦
Right side = 2.5 + e = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟖𝟒𝟐 𝐦
Determine the Thickness of Mat Foundation in Short Direction
The critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying
5303.4 kN. Therefore, U = 5303.4 kN or 5.3034 MN.
U = bo d∅(0.34)√f ′ c

d d d
5.3034 = (2(( + 0.5 + ) + ( + 0.5
2 2 2
d
+ )))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
2
5.3034 = (2(d + 0.5 + d + 0.5))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
5.3034 = (2(2d + 1))(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
5.3034 = (4d + 2)(d)(0.85)(0.34)√48
d = 0.6013 m ≈ 0.610 m

Determine the Total Thickness of Mat Foundation

Considering minimum cover of 75 mm over the steel reinforcement and also
considering that the steel to be used are 32 mm in diameter.
h = d + cc + diameter of steel bar
h = 0.610 + 0.075 + 0.032 = 0.717 ≈ 0.75m

Factored Soil Pressure

𝑃𝑢 18371.2999 𝒌𝑵
= = 𝟗𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑
𝐿 19.7 𝒎

Determination of Reinforcements

Shear and Moment Diagram of Short Direction in Type I Building

Nominal Maximum Moment
3691.6989
M ′ =. = 928.7293 kN − m/m
3.975

Solve for Steel Ratio

Mu
Rn =
∅bd2
928.7293x106
Rn = = 2.7732
(0.9)(1000)(610)2
0.85fc 2Rn
ρ= (1 − (√1 − )
fy 0.85f ′ c

0.85(48) 2(2.7732)
ρ= (1 − (√1 − ) = 0.006844
420 0.85(48)

Maximum Steel Ratio

0.85f ′ c 600 ρmax
ρmax = 0.75( (0.85)( )
fy fy + 600 0.85(48) 600
= 0.75( (0.85)( )
420 420 + 600
ρmax = 0.0364
Minimum Steel Ratio

√f ′ c 1.4 √48 1.4

ρmin = but not less than ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy 4(420) 420
ρmin = 0.0041 or 0.0033

Therefore, use 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟒𝟒

Solving for Area of Steel

As = ρbd
As = (0.006844)(1000)(610) = 4174.8053 mm2

Solving for Number of Bars

As
n=
Ab
4174.8053
n= π = 5.1909 say 6 bars every 1m strip
(32)2
4
Total number of Bars = (6 bars )(85 m) = 510 bars for short direction.

Solve for Spacing

 L − 2(cover)
s=
Total Number of Bars
85000 − 2(75)
s= = 166.3725 ≈ 160 mm
510
Therefore, use 6-32mm ∅ bars spaced at 160 mm

Summary of Mat Footing Design

Mat Footing Design

Use 85 x19.7 m mat foundation with a total depth of 750 mm
With 7-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 140 mm for transverse
(along y)
With 6-32mm ∅ bars for every 1m strip spaced at 160 mm for longitudinal
(along x)