SUM OF ITF SERIES
𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦
1 + 𝑥𝑦
Q1. Find
𝑛
1
i. ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1+𝑟+𝑟2 )
0
∞ ∞
2𝑚 2𝑚 2𝑚
ii. ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑚4 +𝑚2 +2 = ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1+(𝑚4 +𝑚2 +1) = ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1+(𝑚2 +𝑚+1)(𝑚2 −𝑚+1)
1 0 0
∞
∞
−1
(𝑚2 + 𝑚 + 1) − (𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 1)
= ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = ∑(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑚2 + 𝑚 + 1) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 1))
1 + (𝑚2 + 𝑚 + 1)(𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 1)
0
0
1 1 1
iii. tan−1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 2 +⋯
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+3 𝑥 +5𝑥+7 𝑥 +7𝑥+13
𝑚 𝑟−1
2
iv. ∑ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2𝑟−1
1 1+2
∞ ∞ ∞
1 1 1
v. ∑ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⅇ𝑐 −1 √4𝑛4 + 1 = ∑ tan−1 2 = ∑ tan−1 2 −1) =∑ tan−1
𝑛=1 2𝑛 𝑛=1 1+(2𝑛 𝑛=1 1+(√2𝑛−1)(√2𝑛+1)
∞ ∞ ∞
2 2 (2𝑛 + 1) − (2𝑛 − 1)
= ∑ tan−1 2 = ∑ tan−1 2
= ∑ tan−1 =
4𝑛 1 + (4𝑛 − 1) 1 + (2𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 − 1)
𝑛=1 𝑛=1 𝑛=1
Q2. Simplify
2 √6+1
i. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 2√3
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
ii. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (5+3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝛼) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 4
) =
Q3. Find the default values of
2𝑥
i. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1−𝑥2 ) =
2𝑥
ii. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑥2 ) =
1−𝑥 2
iii. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (1+𝑥2 ) =
iv. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) =
v. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2𝑥 2 − 1) =
FUNCTIONS
Function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is a relation from set A to set B such that every input have exactly one output
o ∀ 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∃ (𝑎, 𝑓(𝑎)) ∈ 𝑓 and
o 𝐼𝑓 (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑓 & (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑓 ⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑐
Q1. State if the following is a function or not.
1
i. 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
1
ii. 𝑓: 𝑅 − {0} → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑥2
iii. 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
iv. 𝑓: {4,9,1} → {−1, −2,1,2,3,4} where 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥
v. 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑁, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
Vertical Line Test
If any vertical line cuts the graph more than once, then it is not a functions
Functions
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS TRANSCENDENTAL Func
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
I. Polynomial Function
ⅆ𝑦
Note: Slope of graph at a point x = direction of the graph = = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
ⅆ𝑥
II. Quadratic Function. 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑎 ≠ 0)
Q2. Draw graph of
i. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
ii. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1
iii. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 8)
iv. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 − 10)
v. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑥 − 8)3
Imp Note:
i. In general, for an odd degree polynomial range is always (−∞, ∞)
ii. For an even degree polynomial range can never be (−∞, ∞)
iii. Range of continuous function is 𝑦 ∈ [𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]
𝑔(𝑥)
II. Rational Function are of the form 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = where both g & h are polynomial
ℎ(𝑥)
1 3𝑥+2 1 1
Q3. Find the domain and range of , , ,
𝑥+1 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 2 −4
1
iv. 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 −4
𝒙+𝟐
𝐯. 𝒚 =
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔
III. IRRATIONAL FUNCTION
Q4. Draw graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 & 𝑦 = √𝑥
Q5. Find the domain and range of
1 3
√𝑥 − 3, √𝑥 2 + 1, √𝑥 2 − 4, , √𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6, √3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , √5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
√4 − 𝑥2
1 3
, √𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6, √3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , √5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
√4 − 𝑥2
Q. Find k for which 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = √3𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 3
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = √−𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 3
IV. Absolute value or Modulus Function
Q5. Solve
i. |𝑥 | = 3
ii. |𝑥 | ≤ 3
iii. |5 − 𝑥 | < 2
iv. |𝑥 | > 4
1
v. |2𝑥 + 3| >
3
vi. |𝑥 | ≤ −5
vii. |3𝑥 − 7| > 0
Q. Find the domain of
i. √|𝑥| − 1
|𝑥|−1
ii. √|𝑥|−2
iii. √(5𝑥 − 6 − 𝑥 2 )(|𝑥| − 1)
iv. √(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)5 (𝑥 − 3)6 (|𝑥| − 1)
4(𝑥−1)3 (𝑥+2)4 (𝑥−3)5 (𝑥+6)
v. √
𝑥 2 (𝑥−7)3
Q. Draw graph of
i. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 3|
ii. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 6|
Q. Find the domain of 𝑦 = √|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 3| − 6
|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 3| ≥ 6
