DULA, CRYSTEL JALZLENE M.
BSN – 2B February 24, 2025
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Multiple-Choice Quiz
1. How does the text define science according to the American Heritage Dictionary
of English Language (2004)?
a) A collection of historical events
b) The observation and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena
c) A process of artistic expression
d) A community of intellectuals debating ideas
ANSWER: b) The observation and theoretical explanation of natural
phenomena
2. According to Snir et al. (2003), how is science characterized?
a) As a fixed body of knowledge
b) As an ongoing theoretical dialogue with nature
c) As an unchanging tradition
d) As a purely experimental activity
ANSWER: b) As an ongoing theoretical dialogue with nature
3. What aspect of science do Watters and Diezmann (2003) emphasize in their
definition?
a) Its mathematical foundations
b) Its connection to the environment and personal understanding
c) Its historical evolution
d) Its technological applications
ANSWER: b) Its connection to the environment and personal understanding
4. Which scholar defines science as a cultural and individual thought process?
a) Lind (1997)
b) Cajete (1999)
c) Gribbin (2003)
d) Baybee, Their, and Daviss (2002)
ANSWER: b) Cajete (1999)
5. What major challenge did scientists face during the Scientific Revolution?
a) Lack of funding for research
b) Persecution and judgment from religious institutions
c) A decline in public interest in science
d) Inadequate training and education
ANSWER: b) Persecution and judgment from religious institutions
Identification
1. Who defined science as "The observation, identification, description, experimental
investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena"?
ANSWER: American Heritage Dictionary of English Language (2004)
2. Which scholar(s) described science as "An ongoing theoretical dialogue with
nature"?
ANSWER: Snir, et al. (2003)
3. Who characterized science as "A human endeavor within which people try to
make sense of the environment and a worldwide that is built around practices that
purport to guide the individual towards a personal understanding"?
ANSWER: Watters and Diezmann (2003)
4. Which scholar(s) defined science as "An intellectual as well as a social activity
carried out by humans and their pursuit to have a better understanding of the natural
world"?
ANSWER: Gribbin (2003)
5. Who defines science in relation to scientific literacy that includes processes, skills,
concepts, and the ability to communicate ideas based on reasons?
ANSWER: Baybee, Their, and Daviss (2002)
Essay:
Define science in your own words.
ANSWER:
Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation,
experimentation, and analysis. It seeks to understand how things work by forming
hypotheses, testing them, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. Science is
constantly evolving as new discoveries refine or challenge existing knowledge.
As a nursing student, science is the foundation of medical knowledge and patient
care. It helps us understand the human body, diseases, and how treatments work.
Through scientific methods—like observation, research, and evidence-based
practice—nurses can provide safe, effective, and compassionate care. From
understanding anatomy and physiology to applying pharmacology and infection
control, science ensures that nursing decisions are backed by facts rather than
guesswork.
Science in nursing is what allows me to make informed decisions and provide the
best care for my patients. For example, when a patient comes in with a fever, I don't
just assume it's a simple infection—I use my knowledge of physiology and pathology
to assess their symptoms, check their vitals, and consider possible causes like
bacterial or viral infections.
Even in simple tasks like wound care, I rely on evidence-based practices to prevent
infections and promote healing. Science isn't just something I study in textbooks; it's
something I apply every day to ensure my patients receive the best possible care.
LESSON 2- INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
1) Who is the father of modern psychology?
ANSWER: SIGMUND FREUD
2) Refers to the scientific idea that species change over time through the process of
natural selection.
ANSWER: THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
3) What year Copernicus published his famous book, De revolutionibus orbium
colestium?
ANSWER: In 1543, he published his famous book De revolutionibus orbium
coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
4) Who proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was at the center, which completely
changed how we understand our place in space?
ANSWER: Nicolaus Copernicus model, The Copernican Model states that “The
Sun, not Earth, is at the center of the universe.”
5) This five-year journey, which took Charles Darwin to places like the Galápagos
Islands, allowed him to collect vast amounts of data and observations on species
and their environments.
ANSWER: HMS BEAGLE EXPEDITION
(6-8) According to Freud, what are the three different areas of concious and
subconcious mind?
6. ID
7. EGO
8. SUPEREGO
(9-10) What are Charles Darwin’s major works?
9. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859): Introduced the Theory of Evolution and
natural selection.
10. THE DESCENT OF MAN (1871)
11. VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE (1839): Account of his five-year journey on the HMS
Beagle.
ESSAY: Among the recently mentioned scientists, who is your favorite and why?
(5pts)
ANSWER:
Among the mentioned scientists, the one who caught my interest is Sigmund Freud.
Freud invented psychoanalysis, which involves talking to patients to understand their
thoughts. As a nursing student, his study is highly beneficial in real-life situations,
particularly in assessing patients and engaging in nurse-patient interactions. It helps
us understand our patients better, identify the care they need, and provide more
effective interventions to support their well-being and improve their overall condition.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis helps nursing students understand patient
behavior, mental health, and communication. His concepts of the unconscious mind,
defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development explain how past experiences
shape emotions and actions. Recognizing these influences allows nurses to provide
compassionate care, especially for patients struggling with anxiety, denial, or trauma.
Understanding the id, ego, and superego also helps in managing patient reactions
and improving therapeutic communication. In mental health nursing, Freud’s theories
aid in assessing psychiatric conditions and guiding supportive interventions. His
insights will enhance a nurse’s ability to address both physical and emotional
aspects of patient care.
As an individual, I had this interest in reading people’s minds through their actions
and behavior. And I think Freud’s idea will enhance my knowledge by providing
deeper insights into the unconscious motives behind human behavior. His theories
on defense mechanisms, repressed emotions, and the influence of childhood
experiences will help me interpret why people react in certain ways.
