SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Submitted to: Dr. Maria Carla Y.
Abaquita
Submitted by: Pajaganas, Kristyl
Yr.&Sec: BSIT 1-C
COPERNICUS
1.What is the Contribution of Copernicus in the philosophy of science?
Answer:
Paul Robinson, Author of The Realist Guide to Religion and Science
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) was a devoted believer in Aristotelian physics, and is
even referred to by Koestler as the ‘last of the Aristotelians’.i
What made Copernicus avant-garde was not so much his heliocentrism but his
construction of a mathematical model to support it. The greater simplicity of this model
over the Ptolemaic model of a geocentric universe made it compelling to Copernicus.
After all, he reasoned, would not a universe made by an all-wise God be more likely to
have a simplicity and order accessible to the human mind rather than being chaotic and
inscrutable? Indeed, this was his primary motive for holding that heliocentrism was true
of reality, when it could not yet be verified by the senses.
2.Do you think experiments are still useful in science in the present
time?
Answer:
Yes, it is still extremely useful. in my opinion, studying science without doing
experiments are just pointless. Theories are proven or researched by scientists before,
but it’s still play an important role in the education system to enable the students to
view the reality of science theories from the textbook and develop their interests. I
believe students also feel bored when the lesson is only about forcing students to
memorize, doing experiments could let the students feel the importance of science in the
daily life.
3.Do you think the Church should intervene in scientific values?
Answer:
I do not believe church intervene in scientific values because the church can and should
call that out when we observe it, not from a position of government, but from the place
where we have always been effective, from power of spoken and written
communications that keep people from believing just anything that someone says they
have discovered. We already know that many things that scientists think are true today
may be stale, moldy and replaced tomorrow by a new, astounding discovery.
CHARLES DARWIN
1.What is Darwin’s contribution to modern science?
Answer:
In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species which is basic evolutionary theory and
the foundation of modern biological science.
2.how can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern
times
Answers:
*Economy
Bob Hinds, Lived a while and seen a lot of things.
Darwin’s work was published more than 150 years ago and there have been many
advances since then, the discovery of DNA being one of the biggest. It is therefore
probably inappropriate to refer to the current understanding of evolution as ‘Darwin’s
theory’.
In relation to the question and referring only to ‘Darwin’s theory’, the major relevance to
economics would be as an example of the trade in old books with a niche market.
If you are talking more generally about current understandings of evolution, then an
obvious area of economic significance would be the effects of having to update the flu
vaccine each year due to changes in the influenza viruses, or research to explore the
effects when bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.
*Agriculture
Reginald Le Sueur, former General Medical Practitioner (Retired) at Nil (1965-2005)
By selective breeding of specimens regarded as the “best” available. The Monk Gregor
Mendel who discovered modern Genetics, selectively breed varieties of peas, and
noticed how succeeding generations “evolved” over time, producing peas of different
shapes for instance. Likewise, wheat has been selectively bred by farmers for the whole
of settled civilization, to produce heads which are large and succulent -out of original
wild stock that was little better than grass, nutritionally.
*Political science
Milton Steinberg
The theory of evolution has everything to do with biology and almost nothing to do with
politics. Political positions that have tried to make a false analogy between “survival of
the fittest”, etc. and political actions usually result in falsely supporting someone’s
political prejudice. In other words, such false analogies are destructive. They have been
used prominently to support racial superiority.
The most that can be said is that our political behavior must have something to do with
our biology. But the specific connection between biology and human behavior is
controversial and open to many interpretations. Do not be surprised if the particular
interpretation that one espouses simply reinforces that person’s pre-existing prejudices.
*Religion
Jim Roper, Scientist, philosopher
Religion isn’t “a field.” But, Darwin brought to the forefront the idea that organisms
were not simply created as the bible says, but rather evolved over a lot of time, which the
bible doesn’t account for. In a nutshell. People are still coming to terms with that,
because they want to believe the bible, even though evidence supports evolution.
SIGMUND FREUD
1.By looking for other sources and literatures, what are the controversies or
questions on freud’s ideas?
Answers:
Korchipati Kishorekumar, Soy un estudiante,Top Writer 2018.
Another controversial idea was the one regarding religion. For Freud, religion was an
expression of neuroses and distress and also a way to control the Oedipal complex, feel
fulfillment, and an attempt to gain control over the outside world. He believed that all
religions were mass deceit but also added that no religious person would ever recognize
that. This was probably one of his most controversial statements and it brought him
even more fame.
He wrote: “A religion, even if it calls itself a religion of love, must be hard and
unloving to those who do not belong to it."
There were no experimental studies proving that Freud’s methods worked better than
the ones used by other psychiatrists at the time and soon he became less and less
popular. This was a dramatic experience for Freud and he was convinced that his
adversaries were mentally ill. He wrote to his friend Carl Jung that he was treating his
reluctant colleagues the same way as he treated his patients.
Heidi Berman, studied Psychology
Freud’s most significant and interesting contribution was his structural model of the id, ego and
superego. The model identifies three parts to the psyche as being the person’s natural instinct
(Id), the critical and moralizing self (Superego) and the coordinator of both that keeps us in
balance (Ego). Probably most controversial from this is his model is how it applies to child
development.
2.How can you describe Freudian ideas as a scientist?
Neale Povey
Scientists test hypotheses. Freud posited:
(Google) Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality development,
which argued that personality is formed through conflicts among three fundamental
structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego.
This started an avalanche of work, probably it’s highest achievement. Current practice
has great results, and work continues.
3.If Freud is still alive, what do you think are the major changes he would make to
his theory?
Anne Campbell, Masters Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of London (1972)
I think that we need to remember that he was a man of his time and was therefore
limited to the tools that he had, the main one being his intellect and supreme work ethic.
He could never see a live human brain.
i think that with today’s technological advances he would have the ability to answer
questions that defeated and frustrated him at the time.
