2025 IPhOC 秒題大賽 A1 -1

三個題目
Problem 1

v = 12.3 m/s
umin = 10.9 m/s

go • Effective gravitational field (0, − g) (in the C′

et rotated coordinate frame, but this rotation
all is not necessary) 0.2 pts
− • Drone must be on the envelope curve
so 0.2 pts
− • Correct form for the envelope curve 0.1 pts
e‐ • Correct answer 0.2 pts C
S
ed For other solutions, at most 0.6 points for
kinematical equations that describe the con‐
at ditions necessary for the ball and drone to
ua‐ collide – the rest of the analysis must be fully
its correct to get the rest of the points. B
=
NB! If a student has interpreted that the Grading: (preliminary)
on
he drones acceleration做 Cis 向上延伸線與由
along the y‐axis or B• 出發垂直於 BS 的線，相交於
The idea of switching C ′ 。BC ′
to the free‐falling ⊥ BS。
nt # –′ to the frame # –′
that antiparallel to the y‐axis means 0.5 pts
positive y‐axis, itvis的方向為
automaticallySC0 ，u min 的方向為
points. BC 。 or implicitly) that the
• Stating (explicitly
ii) (4 points) stone and the ball travel in straight lines
ch 0.5 pts
− Solution 1. Let us use the free‐falling frame • SC ′ = vt and BC ′ = ut 0.2 pts (0.1 for
m
ol‐
Problem
of reference wherein the ball2and the stone each)
move along straight lines. That frame fell to‐ • Noticing that we need to minimise
of gether with points S and B during the flight |SC ′ |/|BC ′ | (or maximise the reciprocal)
al­ time of duration t by h = 12 gt2 , so in that 0.3 pts 2 2
If frame the position of the collision point C ′ is • Sine theoremµ(to 0 I minimise)
R 0.5 pts
he f = ，是排斥力
obtained by shifting C relative to S and B by • ∠C ′ BS 2πL = 90° (L 2 − R 2) 0.5 pts
on distance h upwards. In that frame, |SC ′ | = • In the free falling frame C ′ is shifted up‐
his ′ ′ ′
vt and |BC | = ut, hence |SC |/|BC | = v/u. wards with respect to S,B,C 0.5 pts
at We have v fixed and want to have as small as • |CC ′ | = 1 gt2
if ′ ′
0.1 pts
possible u, so |SC |/|BC | needs to be max‐ • Well drawn geometrical construction (that
2
he imal. From the Problem
sine theorem,3|SC ′ |/|BC ′ | = is correct) 0.5 pts
nts sin ∠SBC ′ / sin ∠C ′ SB. As ∠C ′ SB is defined √ √
ed by the stone‐throwing angle and is therefore • √ v = g|SC ′ |/ 2|CC ′ | and u =
√
ve fixed, the boy needs to maximize sin ∠C ′ BS. g|BC ′ |/ 2|CC ′ | 0.2
1 pts (0.1 for each)
≤ Obviously, the maximum of 1 is reached • v ∈ [11.8, 12.7]m Rs−1
=, u ∈ [10.5, 11.4]m s−1
os‐ for ∠C ′ BS = 90°. Therefore, we need to 0.2 pts (0.1 forπaσ
each, only if correct
el‐ draw a perpendicular to SB at B, and find method)
h‐ C ′ as its intersection point with the vertical
Note. Well drawn means that straight
So line drawn through C. Then |CC ′ | = 21 gt2 lines are straight lines and the 90 degree
on √
from where ′ |/g, v =
n‐ √ ′
√ we obtain t = 2|CC −1
angles look like 90 degree angles. The points
′
g|SC |/ 2|CC | ≈ 12.3 m s and u = will only be given if the construction is relev‐
sa √ √ ant for a correct solution to the problem.
as g|BC ′ |/ 2|CC ′ | ≈ 10.9 m s−1
Solution 2. A purely geometric proof for
± C ′ B ⊥ BSA to minimise BC ′ /SC ′ goes as
= follows (the rest of the solution is the same).
After going to the free fall frame, go to the
. frame moving with velocity ⃗v . For the ball to
hit the ball its velocity in this frame ⃗u′ must
−→
ng point at the stone. I.e. we get that ⃗u′ = k BS,
′
ts where k > 0. On the other hand ⃗u = ⃗u − ⃗v .
ra‐ But now this means that ⃗v − ⃗u must end up
ts on the line SB. The possible ending points of