Page 1

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.1(Page 5 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form where p and q are
integers and q  0 ?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:
Yes, zero is a rational number.

0
Zero can be written as:
Any non-zerointeger

0 0
Example : ,
1 −2

Which is in the form of where p and q are integers and q  0 .

Q2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:
We can find any number of rational numbers between two rational numbers. First of all,
we make the denominators same by multiplying or dividing the given rational numbers by
a suitable number. If denominator is already same then depending on number of rational
no. we need to find in question, we add one and multiply the result by numerator and
denominator.
3 7 47
3= and 4 =
7 7
21 28
3= and 4 =
7 7
22 23 24 25 26 27
We can choose 6 rational numbers as: , , , , and
7 7 7 7 7 7
 Page 2

Q3. Find five rational numbers between 3 and 4

4 5
Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:
Since we make the denominator same first, then
3 3  5 15
= =
4 4  5 20
4 4  4 16
= =
5 5  4 20
Now we need to find 5 rational no.
15 15  6 90
= =
20 20  6 120
16 16  6 96
= =
 20 20  6 120
3 4 91 92 93 94 95
 Five rational numbers between and are , , , and
4 5 120 120 120 120 120

Q4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your
answers.

(i) Every natural number is a whole number.

Solution:
True, because the set of natural numbers is represented as N= {1, 2, 3…….}
and the set of whole numbers is W = {0, 1, 2, 3 ………}. We see that every
natural number is present in the set of whole numbers.

(ii) Every integer is a whole number.

Solution:
False. Negative integers are not present in the set of whole numbers.

(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.

Solution:
1
False. For example, is a rational number, which is not a whole number.
2
 Page 3

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.2(Page 8 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your Answers.

(i) Every irrational number is a real number.

Solution:
True, because the set of real numbers consists of rational numbers and irrational
numbers.

(ii) Every point on the number line in of the form m , where ‘m’ is a natural number.

Solution:
2 2
False, for example is a real number on the number line but is not a natural
3 3
number.

(i) Every real number is an irrational number.

Solution:
False, for example 1 is a rational number and hence it is real. But it is not an
2
irrational number.

Q2. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example
of the square root of a number that is a rational number.
Solution:
The square roots of all positive integers are not irrationals.
2
Example: 4 = 2 and 2 in a rational number ( 2 = )
1

Q3. Show how 5 can be represented on the number line.

Difficulty Level: Medium

What is known/given?
Integer 5.
 Page 4

What is unknown?
Point representing 5 on the number line.

Solution:
We shall write 5 on the sum of two squares in the form 5 = 22 + 12 . This shows we need
to construct a right triangle with sides 2 and 1 units. So, the hypotenuse becomes 5 units
on the number line. We shall proceed as follows.

Diagram

On the number line take 2 units from O and represent the point as A. At A draw the
perpendicular and mark B such that AB =1 unit with O as center and OB as radius. Draw
an arc to cut the number line at C. Now C represents 5 .

In  OAB,
OB 2 = OA2 + AB 2
= 22 + 12
=5
 OB = 5 = OC
 Page 5

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.3 (Page 14 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion
each has:

36 1 1
i) ii) iii) 4
100 11 8

3 2 329
iv) v) vi)
13 11 400

Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:

36
(i) = 0.36
100
Terminating decimal.

(ii)
0.0909
1
11 1.00
11
99
100
99
1
The remainder 1 keeps repeating. 1 = 0.0909 and can be written as
11
1
= 0.09
11
Non-terminating recurring decimal.

4.125
1 33
iii) 4 = 8 33.0
8 8
32
10
8
20
16
40
40
0
 Page 6

1
4 = 4.125
8

Terminating decimal (∵ The remainder is zero)

0.23076923
3
iv) = 0.23076923 13 30
13
26
40
39
100
91
90
78
120
117
30
26
40
39
1

We find the block of numbers 230769.keep repeating.

This is non-terminating recurring decimal and is written as:

3
= 0.230769
13
0.1818
2
v) = 0.1818 11 20
11
11
90
88
20
11
90
88
2
Here we find the block of numbers 18 keep repeating. Hence this is a non-terminating
recurring decimal and is written as:

2
= 0.18
11
 Page 7

82.25
329 329
vi) = 4 329
400 4  100
32
09
08
10
8
20
20
0
82.25
= 0.8225
100

Terminating decimal (∵ The remainder is zero)

Q2. You know that 1 = 0.142857. Can you predict what the decimal expansions of
7
2 3 4 3 4 5 6
, , , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 are, without actually doing the long division? If so, how?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Known:
1
The decimal expansion of .
7

Unknown:
2 3 4 5 6
The decimal expansions of , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7

Solution:
0.142857
1
= 0.142587 7 10
7
7
30
28
20
14
60
56
40
35
50
49
1
 Page 8

This is a non-terminating recurring decimal.

We can use this to find the decimal expansion of 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 .
7 7 7 7 7
To write the decimal expansion for

2
i) : We observe that we get 2 as remainder after the second step in the above
7
division. Hence, we start writing the quotient after the second decimal place
and we get 2 = 0.285714
7

3
ii) : 3 is the remainder after the first step.
7
Hence 3 = 0.428571
7

4
iii) : 4 is the remainder at the 4th step.
7
Hence 4 = 0.571428
7

5
iv) : 5 is the remainder at the 5th step.
7
Hence 5 = 0.714285
7

6
v) : 6 is the remainder after the 3rd step.
7
Hence 6 = 0.857142
7

𝑝
Q3. Express the following in the form of , where p and q are integers and q≠ 0.
𝑞
i) 0.6 ii) 0.47 iii) 0.001

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:

(i) 0.6
Let x = 0.6
x = 0.666.... (1)
Since one digit is repeating. We should multiply both sides of (1) by 10. We get,
 Page 9

10 x = 6.666...
10 x = 6 + 0.666...
10 x = 6 + x
10 x – x = 6
9x = 6
6 2
x= =
9 3
Hence 0.6 = 2
3

(ii) 0.47

Let x = 0.4777 (1)

Here the repetition starts after the first decimal place and one digit is repeated.

10 x = 4.777... (2)

(2) – (1) gives

10 x – x = 4.777 − 0.4777 
9 x = 4.3
43
9x =
10
43
x =
90
43
Here 0.47 =
90

(iii) 0.001

Let x = 0.001001 …(1)

Since 3 digits are repeated multiply both the sides of (1) by 1000

1000 x = 1.001001
1000 x = 1 + 0.001001
1000 x = 1 + x
1000 x – x = 1
999 x = 1
1
x=
999

1
0.001 =
999
 Page 10

p
Q4. Express 0.99999… in the form of . Are you surprised with your Answer?
q
With your teacher and classmates discuss why the answer makes sense?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
Let x = 0.99999 (1)

Since one digit is repeated.

We should multiply both the sides of (1) by 10

10 x = 9.9999
10 x = 9 + 0.9999
10 x = 9 + x
10 x – x = 9
9x = 9
x = 1

Hence 0.99999 = 1
 Page 11

Q5. What can be the maximum number of digits be in the repeating block of digits
in decimal expansion of 1 ? Perform the division to check your Answer.
17

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
Let us perform the division 1÷ 17

0.0588235294117647
17 100
85
150
136
140
136
40
34
60
51
90
85
50
34
160
153
70
68
20
17
30
17
130
119
110
102
80
68
120
119
1
1
 = 0.0588235294117647
17

There are 16 digits in the repeating block of the decimal expansion of 1 .

17
 Page 12

p
Q6. Look at the several examples of rational numbers in the form (q ≠ 0) where
q
p and q are integers with no common factors other than 1 and having
terminating decimal representation (expansions). Can you guess what property
q must satisfy?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
p
We shall look at some examples of rational numbers in the form of (q ≠ 0) where
q
decimal representations are terminating.

2 3
= 0.4 = 0.03
5 100

27 33
= 1.6875 = 0.66
16 50

We observed that the denominators of above rational numbers are in the form of

2a  5b Where, a and b are whole numbers.

p
Hence if q is in the form 2  5 then
a b
is a terminating decimal.
q

Q7. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non terminating and non-
recurring.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:

(i) 0.212212221…

(ii) 0.03003000300003…

(iii) 0.825882588825…
 Page 13

5 9
Q8. Find three irrational numbers between the rational numbers and .
7 11

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
Let us find the decimal expansion of 5 and 9 .
7 11
0.714285
7 50
49
10
7
30
28
20
14
60
56
40
35
5

0.81
11 90
88
20
11
9
We can write 3 irrational numbers between them as follows:

(i) 0.721722172221…

(ii) 0.750975009750009…

(iii) 0.808008000…

Q9. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:

i) 23 ii) 225 iii) 0.3796

iv)7.478478…. v) 1.101001000100001….

Difficulty Level:
 Page 14

Solution:
23 p
i) 23 = = , but p is not an integer.
1 q
Hence 23 is an irrational number.

15 p
ii) 225 = = , where p and q are integers. q ≠ 0.
1 q
Hence 225 is a rational number.

iii) 0.3796

0.3796 is a rational number. Because, it is a terminating decimal number.

iv) 7.478478 = 7.478

It is a rational number. As It is a non-terminating recurring decimal.

v) 1.101001000100001…….

It is an irrational number. Because, it is a non-terminating and non-recurring

decimal.
 Page 15

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.4 (Page 18 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Visualize 3.765 on the number line, using successive magnification.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:

i) 3.7 lies between 3 & 4. So, we divide the portion between 3 & 4 on the number
line into 10 equal parts

ii) 3.76 lies between 3.7 and 3.8. So, we divide the portion between 3.7 and 3.8 on
the number line into 10 equal parts.

iii) 3.765 lies between 3.76 and 3.77. Dividing the line before we got

Q2. Visualize 4.26 on the number line, up to 4 decimal places.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
4.26 = 4.2626…

i) 4.2 lies between 4 & 5. Observe the number line given below
 Page 16

ii) 4.26 lies between 4.2 & 4.3, shown below on the number line.

iii) 4.262 lies between 4.26 & 4.27 as shown below.

iv) 4.2626 lies between 4.262 & 4.263 as shown below

Hence by the successive magnification method required number is obtained in the

number line.
 Page 17

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.5 (Page 24 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:

2 7
(i) 2 − 5 (ii) (3 + 23) − 23 (iii)
7 7
1
(iv) (v) 2
2

Difficulty Level: Easy

(i) 2 − 5

Solution:
The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is always irrational.

Here 2 is a rational number and 5 is an irrational number. Hence 2 − 5 is an irrational

number.

(ii) (3 + 23) − 23

Solution:
By simplifying we get only 3.
3 p
3 = , which is in the form of ,
1 q
Hence is (3 + 23) − 23 a rational number.

2 7
(iii)
7 7

Solution:
2 7 2 p
= , which is in the form of ,
7 7 7 q

2 7
Hence is a rational number.
7 7
 Page 18

1
(iv)
2

Solution:
1 1 2
= 
2 2 2
2 1.414
= =
2 2
1
= 0.702 is a non - terminating, non-recurring decimal which is irrational hence is
2
an irrational number.

(v) 2π

Solution:
2π = 2  3.1415...

π is an irrational number whose value is non-terminating and non-recurring.

2 is a rational number.

Product of a non-zero rational number and irrational number is an irrational number.

Hence 2π is irrational.

Q2. Simplify each of the following expressions

(i) (3 + 3)(2 + 2) (ii) (3 + 3)(3 − 3)

(iii) ( 5 + 2) 2 (iv) ( 5 − 2)( 5 + 2)

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:

(i) (3 + 3)(2 + 2)
By Distributive property
= 6+3 2 +2 3 + 6

(ii) (3 + 3)(3 − 3)
Using the identity (a +b) (a - b) = a² - b²
=9–3
=6
 Page 19

(iii) ( 5 + 2)2
Using (a + b) ² = a² + 2ab + b²
( 5 + 2) 2 = ( 5) 2 + 2  5  2 + ( 2) 2
= (5 + 2 10 + 2)
= 7 + 2 10

(iv) ( 5 − 2)( 5 + 2)
Using (a + b) (a - b) = a² - b²
( 5) 2 − ( 2) 2
= 5−2
=3

Q3. Recall, π is defined as the ratio of circumference (say c) to its diameter (say d).
c
That is  = . This seems to contradict the fact that π is irrational. How will
d
you resolve this contradiction?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
Writing π as 22 is only an approximate value and so we can’t conclude that it is in the
7
form of a rational. In fact, the value of π is calculating as non-terminating, non-recurring
decimal as π = 3.14159 Whereas
22
If we calculate the value of 22 it gives 3.142857 and hence  
7 7
In conclusion π is an irrational number.

Q4. Represent 9.3 on the number line.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
Draw a line and take AB = 9.3 units on it.

From B measure a distance of 1 unit and mark C on the number line. Make the midpoint
of AC as O.

With ‘O’ as center and OC as radius, draw a semicircle.

At B, draw a perpendicular to cut the semicircle at D, with B as center and BD as radius

draw an arc to cut the number line at E. Taking B as the origin the distance BE = 9.3,
and hence E represents 9.3 .
 Page 20

Proof:
AB = 9.3, BC = 1

AC = AB + BC = 10.3

AC 10.3
OC = = = 5.15
2 2

OC = OD = 5.15

OB = OC – BC = 5.15 -1 = 4.15

In right angled ∆ OBD,

BD 2 = OD 2 − OB 2
= (5.15) 2 − (4.15) 2
= (5.15 + 4.15)(5.15 − 4.15) Using a ² − b² = (a + b) (a − b)
= 9.3 1
= 9.3
BD = 9.3 = BE

Q5. Rationalize the denominators of the following:

1 1
(i) (ii)
7 7− 6

1 1
(iii) (iv)
5+ 2 7 −2

Difficulty Level:

Reasoning:
 Page 21

Solution:

1 1 7
(i) = 
7 7 7
(Dividing and multiplying by 7 )
7
=
7

1
(ii)
7− 6
Dividing and multiplying by 7 + 6 , we get
1 1 7+ 6
= 
7− 6 7− 6 7− 6
7+ 6
=  Using ( a + b ) ( a − b ) = a ² − b ² 
( 7) 2 − ( 6) 2
7+ 6
=
7−6
= 7+ 6

1
(iii)
5+ 2
Dividing and multiplying by 5 − 2 , we get
1 1 5− 2
= 
5+ 2 5+ 2 5− 2
5− 2
=  Using ( a + b ) ( a − b ) = a ² − b ² 
( 5)2 − ( 2) 2
5− 2
=
5−2
5− 2
=
3

1
(iv)
7 −2
Dividing and multiplying by 7 + 2, we get
1 1 7 +2
= 
7 −2 7 −2 7 +2
7 +2
=  Using ( a + b ) ( a − b ) = a ² − b² 
( 7) 2 − (2) 2
7 +2
=
7−4
7 +2
=
3
 Page 22

Chapter 1 Number System

Exercise 1.6 (Page 26 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

1 1 1
Q1. Find: (i) 64 2
(ii) 32 5
( iii ) 125 3

Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:
1
2
(i) 64
1 1
64 = (8 )
2 2 2

1
2
=8 2  Using (a p ) q = a pq 
= 81  Where a  0, p and q are rational numbers.
=8
1
5
(ii) 32
1 1
32 5 = ( 25 ) 5  using (a p ) q = a pq 
1
= ( 2)
5
5

= 21 = 2
1

( iii ) 1253
1 1
125 = ( 53
)
3 3
 using (a p ) q = a pq 
1
= ( 5)
3
3

= 51
=5
 Page 23

3 2 3 −1
2 5 4 3
Q2. Find: (i) 9 (ii) 32 (iii) 16 (iv) 125

Difficulty Level: Easy

Solution:
3
2
(i) 9
3 3
9 = (3
2
)
2 2
 using (a p ) q = a pq 
3
= ( 3)
2
2

= 33
= 27
2
5
(ii) 32
2 2
32 = ( 25
)
5 5
 using (a p ) q = a pq 
2
= ( 2)
5
5

= 22
=4
3
4
(iii) 16
3 3
16 = ( 24
)
4 4
 using (a p ) q = a pq 
3
= ( 2)
4
4

= 23
=8
−1
3
(iv) 125
−1 −1
125 = ( 5 3 3
) 3

−1
= ( 5)
3
3  using ( a p )q = a pq 
 
= 5−1
1
=
5
 Page 24

Q3. Simplify:
1
7
1
2 1 2 1 1
11
(i) 2 .2 3 5
(ii)  3  (iii) 2
(iv) 7 .8 2

3 
1
4
11

Difficulty Level: Medium

Solution:
2 1
3 5
(i) 2 .2
2 1 2 1
+  For a  0, p and q are 
2 .2 = 23 5 3 5
a p . a q = a p+q  
 rational numbers. 
10 + 3
=2 15

13
=2 15

7
1 17
(ii)  3  =
 3  ( 33 )
7

7
1 17
 3 = 3 7
 3  (3 )
1
=
321
= 3−21
1
2
11
(iii) 1
114
1
1 1
11 2 −
1
= 11 2 4

4
11
2 −1
= 11 4

1
= 114

1 1
2 2
(iv) 7 .8
1 1 1
7 .8 = ( 7  8 )
2 2 2

1
= ( 56 ) 2