VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS – PUDUCHERRY
Worksheet 1 (ALTERNATING CURRENT)
GRADE XII
AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
1. The peak value of emf in ac is E0. Write its (i) rms (ii) average value over a complete cycle.
2. Define the term ‘rms value of the current’. How is it related to the peak value?
3. An alternating voltage given by V = 140 sin314t is connected across a pure resistor of 50 Ω.
Find (i) the frequency of the source. (ii) the rms current through the resistor.
4. Distinguish between the term ‘average value’ and ‘rms value’ of an alternating current. The
instantaneous current from an ac source is I = 5 sin (314t) ampere. What are the average
and rms values of the current?
AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
5. When an ac source is connected across an inductor, show on a graph the nature of variation
of the voltage and the current over one complete cycle.
6. A lamp is connected in series with an inductor and an AC source. What happens to the
brightness of the lamp when the key is plugged in and an iron rod is inserted inside the
inductor? Explain.
7. Explain the term ‘inductive reactance’. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactance
with frequency of the applied alternating voltage.
AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
8. Plot a graph showing variation of capacitive reactance with the change in the frequency of
the ac source
9. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation when this
combination is connected in turn across (i) ac source and (ii) a dc battery. What change
would you notice in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is increased?
10. An electric lamp having coil of negligible inductance connected in series with a capacitor and
an ac source is glowing with certain brightness. How does the brightness of the lamp change
on reducing the (i) capacitance, and (ii) the frequency? Justify your answer.
11. The graphs (i) and (ii) shown in the figure represent variation of opposition offered by the
circuit elements, X and Y, respectively to the flow of alternating current vs the frequency of
the applied emf. Identity the elements X and Y.
AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
12. In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V,
30 V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied voltage and the
current in the circuit?
Page 1 of 4
13. A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’ are
connected in series to the ac mains in circuit as shown. The
bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb
change if (i) a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of
the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same; (ii) the
resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
14. The figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable
frequency 200 V source with L = 50 mH, C = 80 μF and R = 40 Ω.
Determine (i) the source frequency which derives the circuit in
resonance; (ii) the quality factor (Q) of the circuit..
15. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source (200 V, 50 Hz). The voltages across the
resistor, capacitor and inductor are respectively 200 V, 250 V and 250 V (i) The algebraic
sum of the voltages across the three elements is greater than the voltage of the source. How
is this paradox resolved? (ii) Given the value of the resistance of R is 40 Ω, calculate the
current in the circuit.
16. An ac voltage of 100 V, 50 Hz is connected across a 20 ohm resistor and 2 mH inductor in
series. Calculate (i) impedance of the circuit, (ii) rms current in the circuit
17. An inductor L of inductive reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an ac source.
How would brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turn in the inductor is reduced, (ii)
an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance XC = XL is inserted in
series in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
18. A source of ac voltage V = V0 sinωt is connected to a series combination of a resistor ‘R’ and
a capacitor ‘C’. Draw the phasor diagram and use it to obtain the expression for (i)
impedance of the circuit and (ii) phase angle.
19. The figure shows a series LCR circuit with L = 10.0 H, C = 40 μF, R = 60 Ω
connected to a variable frequency 240 V source, calculate (i) the angular
frequency of the source which drives the circuit at resonance, (ii) the
current at the resonating frequency, (iii) the rms potential drop across the
inductor at resonance.
20. A 100 μF capacitor in series with a 40 Ω resistance is connected to a 100 V, 60 Hz supply.
Calculate (i) the reactance, (ii) the impedance and (iii) maximum current in the circuit.
21. An inductor 200 mH, capacitor 500 μF, resistor 10 Ω are connected in series with a 100 V
variable frequency a.c. source. Calculate the (i) frequency at which the power factor of the
circuit is unity (ii) current amplitude at this frequency
Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor
22. The instantaneous current and voltage of an ac circuit
are given by i = 10 sin 300 t A and V = 200 sin 300 t V.
What is the power dissipation in the circuit?
23. Calculate the value of the additional capacitor which may
be joined suitably to the capacitor C that would make the
power factor of the circuit unity.
Page 2 of 4
24. A circuit containing an 80 mH inductor and a 250 μF capacitor in series connected to a 240
V, 100 rad/s supply. e resistance of the circuit is negligible. (i) Obtain rms value of current.
(ii) What is the total average power consumed by the circuit?
25. In series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor with
capacitance C such that XL = XC is put in series, the power factor becomes P2. Calculate
P1/P2
Transformers
26. A power transmission line feeds power at 2200 V with a current of 5 A to step down
transformer with its primary winding having 4000 turns. Calculate the number of turns and
the current in the secondary in order to get output power at 220 V.
27. A step down transformer operates on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A. e ratio of the
primary winding to the secondary is 10 : 1. If the transformer is 90% efficient, calculate: (i)
the power output, (ii) the voltage, and (iii) the current in the secondary.
Year 2025
28. A voltage v = v0 sin 𝜔t applied to a circuit drives a current 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)in the circuit.
The average power consumed in the circuit over a cycle is
29. An alternating current is given by 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (100𝜋𝑡). The least time the current takes to
decrease from its maximum value to zero will be :
30. A capacitor and an inductor are connected in series across an ac source of voltage of
variable frequency. The frequency is increased continuously. The nature of the circuit before
and after the resonance will be :
(A) inductive only (B) capacitive only
(C) capacitive and inductive respectively (D) inductive and capacitive respectively
31. An ac source is connected to a resistor and an inductor in series. The voltage across the
resistor and inductor are 8 V and 6 V respectively. The voltage of the source is :
(A) 10 V (B) 12 V (C) 14 V (D) 16 V
32. A resistor of 400Ω , an inductor of H and a capacitor of 𝜇F are joined in series across an
ac source v = 140 sin (100π )t V. Find the rms voltages across these three circuit elements.
The algebraic sum of these voltages is more than the rms voltage of source. Explain.
33. An ideal transformer is designed to convert 50 V into 250 V. It draws 200 W power from an
ac source whose instantaneous voltage is given by vi = 20 sin (100π )t V. Find : (I) rms value
of input current. (II) expression for instantaneous output voltage. (III) expression for
instantaneous output current.
34. An ammeter connected in series in an ac circuit reads 10 A. The maximum value of current
at any instant in the circuit is :
Page 3 of 4
35. Assertion (A) : A series LCR circuit behaves as a pure resistive circuit at resonance.
Reason (R) : At resonance, XL = XC gives 𝜔 =
√
36. A current element X is connected across an ac source of emf V = V0 sin 2πvt. It is found that
the voltage leads the current in phase by radian. If element X was replaced by element Y,
the voltage lags behind the current in phase by radian.
(I) Identify elements X and Y by drawing phasor diagrams.
(II) Obtain the condition of resonance when both elements X and Y are connected in series to
the source and obtain expression for resonant frequency. What is the impedance value in
this case?
37. The alternating current I in an inductor is observed to vary with time t as shown in the graph
for a cycle.
Which one of the following graphs is the correct representation of wave form of voltage V with
time t ?
38. A transformer is connected to a 200 V ac source. The transformer supplies 3000 V to a
device. If the number of turns in the primary coil is 450, then the number of turns in its
secondary coil is -
(A) 30 (B) 450 (C) 4500 (D) 6750
39. Assertion (A) : In an ideal step-down transformer, the electrical energy is not lost.
Reason (R) : In a step-down transformer, voltage decreases but the current increases.
Page 4 of 4
