Command Detail Technical Opcode Clocks Bytes ODITSZAPC Addressing modes

AAA ASCII Adjust for Addition (For BCD) 37 4 1 U---UUXUX

AAD ASCII Adjust for Division D5 0A 60 2 U---XXUXU
AAM ASCII Adjust for Multiply D4 0A 83 1 U---XXUXU
AAS ASCII Adjust for Subtraction 3F 4 1 U---UUXUX
ADC dest, src Add with Carry ADC AX,SI 3+ 2-6 X---XXXXX r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i a,i
ADD dest,src The sum of the two operands ADD CX,DX 3+ 2-6 X---XXXXX r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i ,a,i
AND dest,src logical and AND AL,BL 3+ 2-6 0---XXUX0 r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i a,i
CALL procedure-name call sub CALL label… CALL AX 19+ 2-5 --------- ll lll memptr regptr memptr32
CBW Convert Byte to Word... Sign Extend AL to AX CBW 98 2 1 --------- r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i a,i
CLC Clear Carry flag CF=0 F8 2 1 --------0
CLD Clear direction flag DF=0 FC 2 1 -0-------
CLI Clear Interrupt-enable flag IF=0 FA 2 1 -0-------
CMC Complement carry flag CF=!CF F5 2 1 --------X
CMP dest, src Compare CMP ah,40… CMP bx,cx 3+ 2-6 X---XXXXX r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i a,i
CMPS Compare String... DS:SI to ES:DI… result in ZF REPE CMPS 10,KEY A6/A7 22+ 1 X---XXXXX ds,ss
CWD Conv Word to DblW... sign extend AX to DX:AX DX:AX=AX 5 1 ---------
DAA Decimal Adjust for Addition 27 4 1 X---XXXXX
DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction 4 1 U---XXXXX
DEC dest Decrement 2 1 X---XXXX- rr r m
DIV source divide 80+ 2-5 U---UUUUU r rr m mm
ESC externa/-opcode, src Escape (for external cpu) (0-63) 2+ 2-4 --------- i,m i,r
HLT Halt (stop CPU until reset / nmi) F4 2 1 ---------
IDIV source Integer Divide IDIV BL... IDIV CX 101+ 2-4 U---UUUUU r rr m mm
IMUL source Integer Multiply 80+ 2-4 X---UUUUU r rr m mm
IN accumulator,port Input byte or word (use DX for 16 bit port) in ax,dx… in ax,1Fh 8+ 1-2 --------- a,i a,DX
INC dest Increment 2+ 1-4 X---XXXX- rr r m
INT interrupt-type Interrupt (0-255) 51/52 1-2 --00----- i
INTO Interrupt if overflow flag set 61 1 --00-----
INTR* External Maskable Interrupt 61 0?! --00-----
IRET Interrupt Return CF 24 1 RRRRRRRRR
JA/JNBE short-label above/not below nor equal (CF OR ZF)=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JAE/JNB short-label above or equal/ not below (CF OR ZF)=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JB/JNAE short-label below / not above nor equal CF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JBE/JNA short-label below or equal/ not above (CF OR ZF)=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JC short-label carry CF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JCXZ short-label Jump If CX Zero (see loop) 4/16 2 --------- l
JE/JZ short-label equal/zero ZF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JG/JNLE short-label greater/ not less nor equal ((SF XOR OF) OR ZF)=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JGE/JNL short-label greater or equal/not less (SF XOR OF)=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JLE/JNG short-label less or equal/ not greater ((SF XOR OF) OR ZF)=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JLlJNGE short-label less/not greater nor equal (SF XOR OF)=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JMP target Jump to label (byte or word target) 11+ 2 --------- l ll lll memptr regptr memptr32
JNC short-label not carry CF=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JNE/JNZ short-label not equal/ not zero ZF=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JNO short-label not overflow OF=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JNP/JPO short-label not parity / parity odd PF=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JNS short-label not sign SF=O 4/16 2 --------- l
JO short-label overflow OF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JP/JPE short-label parity/ parity equal PF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
JS short-label sign SF=1 4/16 2 --------- l
LAHF Load AH from flags (see SAHF) AH=F 4 1 ---------
LDS dest,source Load Pointer using DS(Set DS and Dest) lds di,[es:si] 16+ 2-4 --------- rr,mmm
LEA dest, source Load effective address 8D n 2+ 2-4 --------- rr,mm
LES dest, source Load Pointer using ES 16+ 2-4 --------- rr,mmm
LOCK Lock bus signal F0 2 1 ---------
LODSB/W Load String Copy DS:SI to AL/AX AC/AD 12+ 1 --------- ss
LOOP short-label dec CX and loop if CX!=0 (See JCXZ) E2 17/5 2 --------- l
LOOPNZ short-label (or LOOPNE) dec CX and loop if nz E0 19/5 2 --------- l
LOOPZ short-label (or LOOPE) dec CX and loop if z E1 18/6 2 --------- l
MOV dest,source Move 2+ 2-6 --------- m,a a,m r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i sr,rr sr,mm rr,sr mm,sr
MOVSB/W (like LDI) Move String Move DS:SI to ES:DI A4/A5 18+ 1 --------- ds,ss
MUL source Multiply AX= AL*byte / DX:AX = AX*word MUL BL... MUL addr 70+ 2-4 X---UUUUX r rr m mm
NMI* 50 0?! --00-----
NEG dest Negate NEG AL.. NEG BX... NEG addr 3+ 2-4 X - - - X X X X 1* r rr m
NOP No Operation 90 3 1 ---------
NOT dest inverts the bits NOT AL... NOT AX... NOT addr 3+ 2-4 --------- r rr m
OR dest,src inclusive or 3+ 2-6 0---XXUX0 r,r r,m m,r r,i m,i a,i
OUT port,accumulator Output byte or word (use DX for 16 bit port) out dx,ax… out 1Fh,ax 8-10 1-2 --------- i,a DX,a
POP dest Pop a word off the stack POP DX... POP DX... POP WORD PTR [addr] 8+ 1-4 --------- rr sr mm
POPF Pop flags off stack 9D 8-10 1 RRRRRRRRR
PUSH source Push word onto stack PUSH DX... PUSH DX... PUSH WORD PTR [addr] 10+ 1-4 --------- rr sr mm
PUSHF Push flags onto stack 9C 10 1 ---------
RCL dest, count Rotate through Carry Left count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
RCR dest, count Rotate through Carry Right count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
REP cmd Repeat cmd CX times Cmd = INS/LODS/MOVS/OUTS/STOS F3 2 1 ---------
REPE / REPZ cmd Repeat While Zero cmd =CMPS/SCAS F3 2 1 ---------
REPNE / REPNZ cmd Repeat While Not Zero cmd =CMPS/SCAS F2 2 1 ---------
RET optional-pop-value Return from sub (and pop n bytes off stack) N= 0-64k 8-17 1-3 --------- - i ii
ROL dest, count Rotate Left (no carry) count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
ROR dest, count Rotate Right (no carry) count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
SAHF Store AH into flags (see LAHF) 9E 4 1 ----RRRRR
SAL dest, count Shift Arithmetic Left count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
SAR dest, count Shift Arithmetic Right count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X---XXUXX r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
SBB dest, src Subtract with Borrow 3 2-6 X---XXXXX r,r r,m m,r a,i r,i m,i
SCASB/W Scan String... cmp AL/AX to ES:DI… result in ZF SCAS AE/AF 15+ 1 X---XXXXX ds
Segment* Override to specific segment MOV SS:parameter,AX 2 1 ---------
SHL dest, count Shift Logical Left count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
SHR dest, src Shift Logical Right count must be 1 on 086 2+ 2-4 X-------X r,1 r,CL m,1 m,CL
SINGLE STEP Trap flag interrupt Interrupt if TF=1 2+ 2-4 --00-----
STC Set Carry Flag CF=1 F9 2 1 --------1
STD Set direction flag DF=0 FD 2 1 -1-------
STI Set interrupt enable flag IF=1 FB 2 1 --1------
STOSB/W dest-string Store String Byte/Word in ES:DI STOS AA/AB 11+ 1 --------- ds
SUB dest,src Subtraction SUB CX,BX 3+ 2-6 X---XXXXX r,r r,m m,r a,i r,i m,i
TEST dest, src sets flags like AND without changing regs 9B 3+ 2-6 0---XXUX0 r,r r,m m,r a,i r,i m,i
WAIT Wait while test/busy not active (high) 3+5n 1 ---------
XCHG dest,src Exchange byte/word register XCHG AX,BX... XCHG AL,BL... XCHG addr,AX 3+ 1-4 --------- a,r m,r r,r
XLAT Translate (Read from LUT)... AL = [DS:BX+AL] XLAT D7 11 1 ---------
XOR dest, src Exclusive Or 3+ 2-6 0---XXUX0 r,r r,m m,r a,i r,i m,i

186 Commands Detail Technical Opcode Clocks Bytes ODITSZAPC Addressing modes
BOUND Check Array Index Against Bounds 62 10 -----Z---
ENTER Make Stack Frame for Procedure Parameters C8 10/15+4 ---------
INS Input from Port to String 6C 9/29 ---------
INSB Input from Port to String 6D 9/29 ---------
INSW Input from Port to String 6D 9/29 ---------
LEAVE High Level Procedure Exit C9 ---------
OUTS Output String to Port 8/28 ---------
OUTSB Output String to Port 8/28 ---------
OUTSW Output String to Port 8/28 ---------
POPA Pop all General Registers DI,SI,BP,skipped,BX,DX,CX,AX 24 ---------
PUSHA Push all General Registers AX,CX,DX,BX,SP,BP,SI,DI 60 18 ---------
PUSHW
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