V 2.

00 - All rights reserved

Assembler 80186 and higher CodeTable 1/2 1996-2000 by R. Jegerlehner

TRANSFER Flags
Name Comment Code Operation O D I T S Z A P C
MOV Move (copy) MOV Dest,Source Dest:=Source
XCHG Exchange XCHG Op1,Op2 Op1:=Op2 , Op2:=Op1
STC Set Carry STC CF:=1 1
CLC Clear Carry CLC CF:=0 0
CMC Complement Carry CMC CF:= CF
STD Set Direction STD DF:=1 (string ops downwards) 1
CLD Clear Direction CLD DF:=0 (string ops upwards) 0
STI Set Interrupt STI IF:=1 1
CLI Clear Interrupt CLI IF:=0 0
PUSH Push onto stack PUSH Source DEC SP, [SP]:=Source
PUSHF Push flags PUSHF O, D, I, T, S, Z, A, P, C 286+: also NT, IOPL
PUSHA Push all general registers PUSHA AX, CX, DX, BX, SP, BP, SI, DI
POP Pop from stack POP Dest Dest:=[SP], INC SP
POPF Pop flags POPF O, D, I, T, S, Z, A, P, C 286+: also NT, IOPL
POPA Pop all general registers POPA DI, SI, BP, SP, BX, DX, CX, AX
CBW Convert byte to word CBW AX:=AL (signed)
CWD Convert word to double CWD DX:AX:=AX (signed)
CWDE Conv word extendeddouble CWDE 386 EAX:=AX (signed)
IN i Input IN Dest, Port AL/AX/EAX := byte/word/double of specified port
OUT i Output OUT Port, Source Byte/word/double of specified port := AL/AX/EAX
i for more informations see instruction specifications Flags: =affected by this instruction ?=undefined after this instruction
ARITHMETIC Flags
Name Comment Code Operation O D I T S Z A P C
ADD Add ADD Dest,Source Dest:=Dest+Source
ADC Add with Carry ADC Dest,Source Dest:=Dest+Source+CF
SUB Subtract SUB Dest,Source Dest:=Dest-Source
SBB Subtract with borrow SBB Dest,Source Dest:=Dest-(Source+CF)
DIV Divide (unsigned) DIV Op Op=byte: AL:=AX / Op AH:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
DIV Divide (unsigned) DIV Op Op=word: AX:=DX:AX / Op DX:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
DIV 386 Divide (unsigned) DIV Op Op=doublew.: EAX:=EDX:EAX / Op EDX:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
IDIV Signed Integer Divide IDIV Op Op=byte: AL:=AX / Op AH:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
IDIV Signed Integer Divide IDIV Op Op=word: AX:=DX:AX / Op DX:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
IDIV 386 Signed Integer Divide IDIV Op Op=doublew.: EAX:=EDX:EAX / Op EDX:=Rest ? ? ? ? ? ?
MUL Multiply (unsigned) MUL Op Op=byte: AX:=AL*Op if AH=0 ? ? ? ?
MUL Multiply (unsigned) MUL Op Op=word: DX:AX:=AX*Op if DX=0 ? ? ? ?
MUL 386 Multiply (unsigned) MUL Op Op=double: EDX:EAX:=EAX*Op if EDX=0 ? ? ? ?
IMUL i Signed Integer Multiply IMUL Op Op=byte: AX:=AL*Op if AL sufficient ? ? ? ?
IMUL Signed Integer Multiply IMUL Op Op=word: DX:AX:=AX*Op if AX sufficient ? ? ? ?
IMUL 386 Signed Integer Multiply IMUL Op Op=double: EDX:EAX:=EAX*Op if EAX sufficient ? ? ? ?
INC Increment INC Op Op:=Op+1 (Carry not affected !)
DEC Decrement DEC Op Op:=Op-1 (Carry not affected !)
CMP Compare CMP Op1,Op2 Op1-Op2
SAL Shift arithmetic left ( SHL) SAL Op,Quantity i ?
SAR Shift arithmetic right SAR Op,Quantity i ?
RCL Rotate left through Carry RCL Op,Quantity i
RCR Rotate right through Carry RCR Op,Quantity i
ROL Rotate left ROL Op,Quantity i
ROR Rotate right ROR Op,Quantity i
i for more informations see instruction specifications then CF:=0, OF:=0 else CF:=1, OF:=1
LOGIC Flags
Name Comment Code Operation O D I T S Z A P C
NEG Negate (two-complement) NEG Op Op:=0-Op if Op=0 then CF:=0 else CF:=1
NOT Invert each bit NOT Op Op:=Op (invert each bit)
AND Logical and AND Dest,Source Dest:=Dest Source 0 ? 0
OR Logical or OR Dest,Source Dest:=Dest Source 0 ? 0
XOR Logical exclusive or XOR Dest,Source Dest:=Dest (exor) Source 0 ? 0
SHL Shift logical left ( SAL) SHL Op,Quantity i ?
SHR Shift logical right SHR Op,Quantity i ?
This page may be freely distributed without cost provided it is not changed. Send comments to [email protected] - www.jegerlehner.ch/intel/
 V 2.00 - All rights reserved
Assembler 80186 and higher CodeTable 2/2 1996-2000 by R. Jegerlehner

MISCELLANEOUS Flags
Name Comment Code Operation O D I T S Z A P C
NOP No operation NOP No operation
LEA Load effective adress LEA Dest,Source Dest := address of Source
INT Interrupt INT Nr interrupts current program, runs spec. int-program 0 0

JUMPS (flags remain unchanged)

Name Comment Code Operation Name Comment Code Operation
CALL Call subroutine CALL Proc RET Return from subroutine RET
JMP Jump JMP Dest
JE Jump if Equal JE Dest ( JZ) JNE Jump if not Equal JNE Dest ( JNZ)
JZ Jump if Zero JZ Dest ( JE) JNZ Jump if not Zero JNZ Dest ( JNE)
JCXZ Jump if CX Zero JCXZ Dest JECXZ Jump if ECX Zero JECXZ Dest 386

JP Jump if Parity (Parity Even) JP Dest ( JPE) JNP Jump if no Parity (Parity Odd) JNP Dest ( JPO)
JPE Jump if Parity Even JPE Dest ( JP) JPO Jump if Parity Odd JPO Dest ( JNP)

Unsigned (Cardinal) signed (Integer)

JA Jump if Above JA Dest ( JNBE) JG Jump if Greater JG Dest ( JNLE)
JAE Jump if Above or Equal JAE Dest ( JNB JNC) JGE Jump if Greater or Equal JGE Dest ( JNL)
JB Jump if Below JB Dest ( JNAE JC) JL Jump if Less JL Dest ( JNGE)
JBE Jump if Below or Equal JBE Dest ( JNA) JLE Jump if Less or Equal JLE Dest ( JNG)
JNA Jump if not Above JNA Dest ( JBE) JNG Jump if not Greater JNG Dest ( JLE)
JNAE Jump if not Above or Equal JNAE Dest ( JB JC) JNGE Jump if not Greater or Equal JNGE Dest ( JL)
JNB Jump if not Below JNB Dest ( JAE JNC) JNL Jump if not Less JNL Dest ( JGE)
JNBE Jump if not Below or Equal JNBE Dest ( JA) JNLE Jump if not Less or Equal JNLE Dest ( JG)
JC Jump if Carry JC Dest JO Jump if Overflow JO Dest
JNC Jump if no Carry JNC Dest JNO Jump if no Overflow JNO Dest
JS Jump if Sign (= negative) JS Dest
JNS Jump if no Sign (= positive) JNS Dest

General Registers: Example:

EAX 386 .DOSSEG ; Demo program

AX .MODEL SMALL
AH AL .STACK 1024
Accumulator Two EQU 2 ; Const
31 24 23 16 15 87 0 .DATA
VarB DB ? ; define Byte, any value
EDX 386 VarW DW 1010b ; define Word, binary
DX VarW2 DW 257 ; define Word, decimal
DH DL VarD DD 0AFFFFh ; define Doubleword, hex
Data mul, div, IO S DB Hello !,0 ; define String
31 24 23 16 15 87 0 .CODE
main: MOV AX,DGROUP ; resolved by linker
ECX 386 MOV DS,AX ; init datasegment reg
CX MOV [VarB],42 ; init VarB
CH CL MOV [VarD],-7 ; set VarD
Count loop, shift MOV BX,Offset[S] ; addr of H of Hello !
31 24 23 16 15 87 0 MOV AX,[VarW] ; get value into accumul.
ADD AX,[VarW2] ; add VarW2 to AX
EBX 386 MOV [VarW2],AX ; store AX in VarW2
BX
BH BL MOV AX,4C00h ; back to system
BaseX data ptr INT 21h
31 24 23 16 15 87 0 END main

Flags: ZF: Zero 1 = ZR = result is Zero 0 = NZ = non Zero

CF: Carry 1 = CY = Carry / Borrow 0 = NC = no Carry (unsigned = Cardinal)
OF: Overflow 1 = OV = Overflow / Underflow 0 = NV = no Overflow (signed = Integer)
SF: Sign 1 = NG = Negative (resonable for Integer) 0 = PL = Plus copy of highest bit of the result, even if its a Cardinal !
This page may be freely distributed without cost provided it is not changed. Send comments to [email protected] - www.jegerlehner.ch/intel/