My Notes Series
Chapter 2:
1. Introduction to the Internet
Definition:
The Internet is a global network that connects millions of smaller networks from various organizations,
including businesses, educational institutions, and government agencies.
Purpose:
- Facilitate communication and collaboration among users worldwide.
- Allow seamless sharing of information, even in case of network disruptions.
2. Evolution of the Internet
Origins:
Began as ARPANET in 1969, initiated by the U.S. Department of Defense.
Goals:
➢ Enable remote scientists to collaborate.
➢ Ensure network reliability, even during disasters.
Broadband Connections:
Cable Internet: Uses television networks.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Transmits over telephone lines.
Fiber to the Premises (FTTP): High-speed data transmission using fiber optics.
Wi-Fi: Wireless connectivity within limited range.
Cellular Radio: Mobile network-based Internet.
Satellite Internet: For remote areas.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
Regional ISPs: Offer services within specific areas.
National ISPs: Cover larger areas, including cities and towns.
Online Service Providers (OSPs): Include exclusive features (e.g., AOL, MSN).
Wireless ISPs: Require wireless modems for access.
3. Technical Aspects of the Internet
IP Address: Unique numerical identifier for each Internet-connected device.
Domain Names: Text versions of IP addresses, easier to remember.
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My Notes Series
DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.
URLs: Web addresses that identify and locate specific web resources.
4. The World Wide Web (WWW)
Definition:
A system of interconnected web pages, forming a vast electronic library.
Components:
Web Pages: Documents that can include text, images, and multimedia.
Web Sites: Collections of related web pages.
Web Server: Delivers requested web pages to users.
Web Browsers: Programs like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge used to access the Web.
Home Page: The introductory or main page of a website.
Links and Surfing: Links enable navigation between web pages. Surfing refers to browsing from one page
to another.
Downloading: The process of transferring information from the web to a local device.
5. Advanced Web Concepts
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A unique address assigned to each web page.
Tabbed Browsing: Allows users to open multiple web pages in a single browser window.
Search Tools:
Search Engines: Locate content based on keywords (e.g., Google, Bing).
Subject Directories: Organized lists of web pages grouped by categories.
Multimedia on the Web:
Graphics: Formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF.
Animation: Motion created by displaying sequences of still images.
Audio and Video: Music, speech, and movies available in compressed formats for easy transmission.
Virtual Reality (VR): Simulated environments experienced in 3D.
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My Notes Series
6. Web Publishing
Process:
[Link]: Identifying goals and audience.
2. Designing: Layout and functionality.
3. Creating: Developing web content.
4. Deploying: Launching the website.
5. Maintenance: Regular updates and improvements.
7. E-Commerce
Definition:
Business transactions conducted electronically.
Types:
B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Retail sales directly to customers.
C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer): Transactions between individuals (e.g., eBay).
B2B (Business-to-Business): Companies conducting business with each other.
M-Commerce: Mobile commerce, using smartphones and tablets for transactions.
8. Internet Communication Services
E-Mail: Sending and receiving messages through electronic networks.
Mailing Lists: Groups for distributing information to subscribers.
Instant Messaging (IM): Real-time text communication.
Chat and Chat Rooms: Live typed conversations in virtual spaces.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Making voice calls over the Internet.
Newsgroups and Message Boards: Online forums for discussions.
9. Netiquette
Definition:
Etiquette for respectful and effective online communication.
Rules: Be polite, avoid spamming, respect others’ privacy, and refrain from using offensive language.
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