UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF
CHAPTER
4

ARAGON,MARLON
T.
 DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE
[Link] Memory:
N. The memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a
combination of personal experiences and the emotions they evoke.

[Link] Dissonance:
O. The mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting cognitions (beliefs, attitudes,
or behaviors), often leading to an alteration in one or more of these elements to reduce
discomfort.

[Link] in Narrative:
K. The degree to which a personal narrative is organized and logically connected, contributing
to a clear and meaningful life story.

[Link] Self-Project:
B. An individual's fundamental and enduring sense of self that ties together various aspects of
identity and personal history, often seen as central to their personality and actions.

[Link] Integration:
R. The psychological process of harmonizing multiple aspects of one's identity into a coherent
whole, crucial for internal consistency and psychological health.

[Link] Negotiation:
Q. The process of managing and communicating one's identity in various social contexts,
often requiring adaptation and compromise between personal identity and social
expectations.

[Link] Identity:
C. An individual's internalized and evolving story of the self that integrates the reconstructed
past, perceived present, and anticipated future.

[Link] Narrative:
F. Stories that individuals create about their lives, which incorporate past experiences,
current events, and future aspirations to provide meaning and identity.

[Link] Self-Function:
I. The capacity to reflect upon oneself and one's behavior, often essential for self-regulation
and personal growth.

10. Role Identity:

E. Specific identities associated with the social roles an individual assumes, such as parent,
worker, or student, each with its own set of behaviors and expectations.
[Link]-Complexity:
A. A theory suggesting that individuals who perceive themselves as having many distinct and
relatively unconnected aspects have a buffer against the negative effects of stress and are less
prone to depression.

[Link]-Concept:
H. The broad collection of beliefs people hold about themselves, including their attributes,
who and what they are.

[Link]-Continuity:
S. The sense of being the same person over time, despite various changes and experiences,
supported by a continuous personal narrative.

[Link]-Discrepancy:
M. The gap between different self-representations (e.g., actual self, ideal self, and ought self),
which can influence emotional states and motivation.

[Link]-Efficacy:
G. The belief in one's abilities to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which can
play a significant role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges.

[Link]-Identity:
J. The complex perception that one has of oneself, formed through experiences,
relationships, and internalized values, and manifesting as a consistent sense of personal
identity.

[Link]-Perception:
T. The way in which individuals come to understand themselves through their interactions and
reflections, often shaping their actions and reactions.

[Link]-Schema:
D. Cognitive structures that represent organized knowledge about oneself, guiding the
processing of self-relevant information and influencing behavior.

[Link]-Verification:
L. The drive to confirm and support one's existing beliefs about oneself through social
interactions, seeking consistency between self-concept and feedback from others.

20. Social Identity:

P. The part of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in social
groups, such as nationality, religion, or community.
 IDENTIFICATION
[Link] cognitive structures contain organized knowledge about oneself and guide the
processing of self-relevant information?
R. Self-Schema

[Link] concept refers to how individuals perceive themselves through interactions and
reflections?
Q. Self-Perception

[Link] describes the sense of being the same person over time in spite of changes?
N. Self-Continuity

[Link] is called the capacity to reflect upon oneself and one's actions or behavior?
J. Reflective Self-Function

[Link] is the name for the memory system that includes personal events and
experiences from one's life?
A. Autobiographical Memory

[Link] is the term for the belief in one's capabilities to succeed in specific situations or
accomplish a task?
P. Self-Efficacy

[Link] is the term for the gap between different self-representations, such as actual
self, ideal self, and ought self?
O. Self-Discrepancy

[Link] is the term for the overarching collection of beliefs that people hold about
themselves?
M. Self-Concept

[Link] psychological process refers to the harmonizing of multiple aspects of one's

identity into a coherent whole?
F. Identity Integration

10. What psychological term describes the discomfort one feels when holding two or
more conflicting cognitions?
B. Cognitive Dissonance
 IDENTIFICATION

[Link] refers to the internalized and evolving story of the self that integrates past, present,
and future?
H. Narrative Identity

[Link] term describes the mental process of confirming one's existing beliefs about oneself
through social interactions?
S. Self-Verification

[Link] term describes the stories people create about their lives that integrate past, present,
and future elements?
I. Personal Narrative

[Link] term is used for the specific identities associated with the roles an individual assumes
in society, such as a parent or worker?
K. Role Identity

[Link] term refers to an individual's fundamental and enduring sense of self that ties
together various aspects of identity?
E. Core Self-Project

[Link] term refers to the degree to which a personal narrative is organized and logically
connected?
C. Coherence in Narrative

[Link] concept refers to an individual's part of the self-concept derived from groups they
belong to, such as nationality or religion?
T. Social Identity

[Link] process involves the management and communication of one's identity in various
social contexts?
G. Identity Negotiation

[Link] term describes the manner in which personal stories and experiences are
remembered and narrated, including the impact of mood and context on recall?
D. Constructive Nature of Autobiographical Memory

20. Which theory suggests that having many distinct and relatively unconnected aspects of
self provides a buffer against stress?
L. Self-Complexity
 MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
[Link] is self-identity primarily about?
B) An individual's perception of themselves

[Link] of the following is a key component of personal narrative?

D) Life experiences and memories

[Link] memory is:

B) Memory of personal experiences

[Link]-schema influences:
B) How we perceive and process information about ourselves

[Link] negotiation refers to:

B) Managing self-identity in various social contexts

[Link] integrated identity helps an individual:

C) Manage diverse aspects of self smoothly

[Link] does role identity refer to?

B) The identity derived from the social roles one assumes

[Link] identity is formed by:

B) Group memberships and affiliation.

[Link] identity is an individual's:

B) Internalized and evolving life story

10. Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

B) There are contradictions between beliefs and actions

11. Self-efficacy is:

B) Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations

12. Self-concept is:

B) The collection of beliefs about oneself
 MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
[Link]-verification is a drive to:
B) Confirm one's existing beliefs about oneself

[Link] self-function involves:

B) The capacity to think about oneself

[Link]-complexity theory suggests:

B) Complexity in self-concept buffers against stress

[Link] in narrative is important for:

B) Creating a clear and meaningful life story

[Link]-continuity is the sense of:

B) Being the same person over time

[Link]-discrepancy refers to the gap between:

B) Actual, ideal, and ought selves

[Link]-perception is influenced by:

C) Interactions and personal reflection

[Link] core self-project is:

B) An enduring sense of self that integrates various identity aspects

[Link] nature of autobiographical memory means:

B) Memories are influenced by current knowledge and beliefs

22. Which concept refers to an individual's internal and external conflicts about identity?
D) Identity dissonance

23. What impacts self-narrative reconstruction?

A) Current emotional state and context

24. How does a coherent personal narrative aid an individual?

C) It supports a stable and continuous self-concept

25. Digital storytelling influences personal narratives by:

B) Providing a platform for wider audience and feedback